However, Frankel's use of modern methods of historical scholarship in analyzing Jewish texts and developing Jewish law set him apart from neo-Orthodox Judaism, which was concurrently developing under the leadership of Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch.

In later years it was Rav Ettlinger's students Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch and Rabbi Azriel Hildesheimer of Berlin who deepened the awareness and strength of Orthodox Jewry.

Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch commented in 1854 thatIt was not the ' Orthodox ' Jews who introduced the word ' orthodoxy ' into Jewish discussion.

Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch explains this responsibility as not being the exclusive Torah instructors, but working in tandem with the Rabbinic leaders of the era.

* Yeshiva Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch, New York City

* Collected Writings of Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch.

* Religion Allied to Progress in Collected Writings of Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch ISBN 0-87306-786-X

* Religion Allied to Progress, Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch

Private primary and secondary schools include Mother Cabrini High School, The School of The Incarnation, The School of Saint Elizabeth, Yeshiva Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch, and the City College Academy of the Arts, a project funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch

27 Tebet-( 1888 )-Death of Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch

Significant rabbis who have done so include Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch, Rabbi Simhah Zissel Ziv, and Rabbi Moshe Cordovero.

Torah im Derech Eretz ( – Torah with " the way of the land ") is a philosophy of Orthodox Judaism articulated by Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch ( 1808 – 88 ), which formalizes a relationship between traditionally observant Judaism and the modern world.

Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch ( 18081888 ), incorporating the above, was among the first to extend the definition of Derech Eretz to include a broad knowledge of, and appropriate interaction with, culture and society.

* Hirsch, Samson Raphael The Nineteen Letters Translated by Karin Paritzky, annotated by Rabbi Joseph Elias, Philip Feldheim ( 1994 ) ISBN 0-87306-696-0.

* Hirsch, Samson Raphael Religion Allied to Progress, in Collected Writings of Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch, Philip Feldheim ( 1996 ) ISBN 0-87306-786-X

* Katzenellenbogen, Raphael Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch, His Teachings and Philosophy ( Hebrew ), daat. ac. il

* Klugman, Rabbi Eliyahu Meir Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch, architect of Judaism for the modern world, Mesorah ( 1996 ) ISBN 0-89906-632-1

* Levi, Yehuda Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch as a guide for our generation ( Hebrew ), daat. ac. il

* The Sefer Mitzvot Gadol ( The " SeMaG ") of Rabbi Moses ben Jacob of Coucy ( first half of the 13th century, Coucy, Northern France ).

Then he moved to Mainz, where he studied under another of his relatives, Rabbi Isaac ben Judah, the rabbinic head of Mainz and one of the leading sages of the Lorraine region straddling France and Germany.

After leaving Germany, he first settled in southern France, and then in Toledo, Spain, where he became rabbi on the recommendation of Rabbi Solomon ben Abraham Adret ( RaShBA ).

" Moreover, as Rabbi Yechiel of Paris explained in a Disputation that took place before the King and Queen of France in 1240, " Only the erroneously broken vows are annulled, that nobody might commit the sin of intentionally breaking vows.

In 1933, Rabbi Schneerson moved to Paris, France.

The most sincere but influential opponent, whose comments are printed parallel to virtually all editions of the Mishneh Torah, was Rabbi Abraham ben David of Posquières ( Raavad III, France, 12th century ).

He died in Paris, France, of stomach cancer in 1935 and was interred in the Cimetière du Montparnasse, the funeral being led by the Chief Rabbi of Paris.

The former chief rabbi of France, Rabbi René Samuel Sirat, says he personally witnessed Lustiger entering the synagogue to recite kaddish — the Jewish mourners ' prayer — for his mother.

Sousa Mendes was inspired to this act in part through his friendship with Rabbi Chaim ( Haim ) Kruger, who had fled to France from Antwerp.

Rabbi Lichtenstein was born in Paris, France, but grew up in the United States, studied in Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin under Rabbi Yitzchok Hutner.

After emigrating to France, he was a rabbi of the synagogue on Rue de Montevideo in Paris ( 1950 – 1951 ) and in 1952 he emigrated to Canada, where he held the post of Rabbi of Congregation Beth Yitshak in Toronto until his death.

The great figure which dominates the second half of the 11th century, as well as the whole rabbinical history of France, was the Ashkenazi Rabbi Rashi ( Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki ) of Troyes ( 1040 – 1106 ).

* Gilles Bernheim, Great Rabbi of France

He was the student of Rabbi Reuven the son of Chaim of Narbonne, France.

Rabbi Yitzhak Saggi Nehor ר ַ ב ִּ י י ִ צ ְ ח ַ ק ס ַ ג ִּ י נ ְ הו ֹ ר, also known as Isaac the Blind, ( c. 1160-1235, Provence, France ) has the Aramaic epithet " Saggi Nehor " meaning " of Much Light " in the sense of having excellent eyesight, an ironic euphemism for being blind.

In his version, the Rabbi was helped by the French general Turenne, ambassador of the court of King Louis XIV of France, after Samuel's dramatic life-saving of Turenne's wife and daughter at a park in Vienna, when they were attacked by a raging bull.

His father was a good friend of Rabbi Szold, and Joe lived with the Szolds for a while.

Henrietta, however, was at that time engaged in a lengthy correspondence with Joe's older and more serious brother, Morris, who was just about her own age and whom she had got to know well during trips to Philadelphia with Papa, when he substituted for Rabbi Jastrow at Rodeph Shalom Temple there during its Rabbi's absence in Europe.

He was told to ask for Rabbi Melzi at the synagogue on Saturday afternoon.

Rabbi Moshe Chaim Luzzatto in particular focused on the ' purpose of creation ' and how the will of God was to bring creation into perfection and adhesion with this upper force.

Rabbi Trugman states that in the last five centuries the concept of reincarnation, which until then had been a much hidden tradition within Judaism, was given open exposure.

According to the Talmud ( Avodah Zarah 10a-b ), Rabbi Judah was very wealthy and greatly revered in Rome.

In the traditional literature he is referred to almost exclusively as Rav, " the Master ", ( both his contemporaries and posterity recognizing in him a master ), just as his teacher, Judah I, was known simply as Rabbi.

An English translation of all three volumes, with notes, essays and appendices, was translated and edited by Rabbi Gordon Tucker, entitled Heavenly Torah: As Refracted Through the Generations.

Rabbi Steinsaltz's classic work of Kabbalah, The Thirteen Petalled Rose, was first published in 1980 and now appears in eight languages.

The philosopher and astronomer Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra ( c. 1140 ) established the symmetry of binomial coefficients, while a closed formula was obtained later by the talmudist and mathematician Levi ben Gerson ( better known as Gersonides ), in 1321.

By the 12th century, the Mishneh Torah ( i. e., Rabbi Moses Maimonides ) was criticizing Christianity on the grounds of idol worship, in that Christians attributed divinity to Jesus who had a physical body.

Its principal founder was Rabbi Zecharias Frankel, who had broken with the German Reform Judaism in 1845 over its rejection of the primacy of the Hebrew language in Jewish prayer and the rejection of the laws of kashrut.

At the turn of the century, the Seminary lacked a source of permanent funding and was ordaining on average no more than one Rabbi per year.

Jews were slow to return to the town, but by 1750 the Rabbi Elijah Synagogue was built as the first Jewish synagogue in Casablanca.

In everyday Aramaic, Mari was a very respectful form of polite address, which means more than just " Teacher " and was somewhat similar to Rabbi.

Rabbi Akiva used to say, " Beloved is man, for he was created in God's image ; and the fact that God made it known that man was created in His image is indicative of an even greater love.

The matter is not so: For Rabbi Akiba was a great scholar of the sages of the Mishnah, and he was the assistant-warrior of the king Ben Coziba Simon bar Kokhba ...

A Polish Kabbalist, writing in about 1630 – 1650, reported the creation of a golem by Rabbi Eliyahu thus: " And I have heard, in a certain and explicit way, from several respectable persons that one man close to our time, whose name is R. Eliyahu, the master of the name, who made a creature out of matter Golem and form tzurah and it performed hard work for him, for a long period, and the name of emet was hanging upon his neck, until he finally removed it for a certain reason, the name from his neck and it turned to dust.

The Gaon affirmed Rabbi Chaim ’ s assertion, and said that he once began to create a person when he was a child, under the age of 13, but during the process he received a sign from Heaven ordering him to desist because of his tender age.

Rabbi Yosef was faced with the child of a woman who had left a religious marriage without religious divorce and had a child in the second marriage, seemingly an open-and-shut case of Mamzer status.