In addition, they served as tax collectors for the Republic ( and later the Roman Empire ), bidding on contracts ( from the Senate in Rome ) for the collection of various types of taxes.

It was Proculus Julius who was said to have informed the sorrowing Roman people, after the strange departure of Romulus from the world, that their king had descended from heaven and appeared to him, bidding him tell the people to honor him in future as a god, under the name of Quirinus.

When Oakland Raiders co-owner Al Davis took over as AFL Commissioner, he began stepping up the bidding war, immediately signing eight starting NFL quarterbacks, including John Brodie and Roman Gabriel, to contracts with AFL teams.

Roman Abramovich and Boris Berezovsky acquired the company for US $ 100 million, after bidding through several front companies that had been set up for this specific purpose.

as in the Roman numeral system.

This system of ' counter casting ' continued into the late Roman empire and in medieval Europe, and persisted in limited use into the nineteenth century.

The beads in the shorter grooves denote fives – five units, five tens etc., essentially in a bi-quinary coded decimal system, obviously related to the Roman numerals.

Where the Roman model ( like most modern Japanese ) has 4 plus 1 bead per decimal place, the standard suanpan has 5 plus 2, allowing use with a hexadecimal numeral system.

He reformed the Roman system of taxation, developed networks of roads with an official courier system, established a standing army, established the Praetorian Guard, created official police and fire-fighting services for Rome, and rebuilt much of the City during his reign.

AUC is a year-numbering system used by some ancient Roman historians to identify particular Roman years.

Renaissance editors sometimes added AUC to Roman manuscripts they published, giving the false impression that the Romans usually numbered their years using the AUC system.

When the Roman Empire turned Christian during the following century, this imagery came to be used in a more metaphysical sense, and removed legal impediments to the development and public use of the Anno Domini dating system, which came into general use during the reign of Charlemagne.

On the continent of Europe among some civil law systems ( i. e. those deriving from Roman law or the Napoleonic Code ), the inquisitorial system may be used for some types of cases.

The hieroglyphic system for Egyptian numerals, like the later Roman numerals, descended from tally marks used for counting.

The unit MBtu was defined as one thousand Btu, presumably from the Roman numeral system where " M " stands for one thousand ( 1, 000 ).

The illegal use of elements of the Roman rite, the use of candles, vestments and incense, practices known as Ritualism, had become widespread and led to the Public Worship Regulation Act 1874 which established a new system of discipline, intending to bring the ' Romanisers ' into conformity.

* The Roman number system was very cumbersome because there was no concept of zero ( or empty space ).

Essentially, every country that was colonised at some time by England, Great Britain, or the United Kingdom uses common law except those that were formerly colonised by other nations, such as Quebec ( which follows the law of France in part ), South Africa and Sri Lanka ( which follow Roman Dutch law ), where the prior civil law system was retained to respect the civil rights of the local colonists.

Roman Dutch Commons law is a bijuridical or mixed system of law similar to the common law system in Scotland and Louisiana.

* Civil law ( legal system ) ( or " Continental law "), any of the various systems or codes of law which are derived from Roman law historically

The Romans systematized law and applied their system across the Roman Empire.

The Catholic Church has what is claimed to be the oldest continuously functioning internal legal system in Western Europe, much later than Roman law but predating evolution of modern European civil law traditions.

What began with rules (" canons ") adopted by the Apostles at the Council of Jerusalem in the first century has developed into a highly complex legal system encapsulating not just norms of the New Testament, but some elements of the Hebrew ( Old Testament ), Roman, Visigothic, Saxon, and Celtic legal traditions.

The vast system of Roman aqueducts also made extensive use of hydraulic cement.

Dumézil offered Roman empire with its flamens, legions and peasants, along with the caste system in India to illustrate his theory.

** Romano-Germanic subgroup ( comprising those legal systems where legal science was formulated according to Roman Law-see also Civil law ( legal system ))

Between 1950 and 1960, van Vogt produced collections, notable fixups such as: The Mixed Men ( 1952 ) and The War Against the Rull ( 1959 ), and the two " Clane " novels, Empire of the Atom ( 1957 ) and The Wizard of Linn ( 1962 ), which were inspired ( like Asimov's Foundation series ) by the fall of the Roman Empire, specifically Claudius.

Since some of the Roman months were named in honor of divinities, and as April was sacred to the goddess Venus, the Festum Veneris et Fortunae Virilis being held on the first day, it has been suggested that Aprilis was originally her month Aphrilis, from her equivalent Greek goddess name Aphrodite ( Aphros ), or from the Etruscan name Apru.

* 1969 – Followers led by Charles Manson murder pregnant actress Sharon Tate ( wife of Roman Polanski ), coffee heiress Abigail Folger, Polish actor Wojciech Frykowski, men's hairstylist Jay Sebring and recent high-school graduate Steven Parent.

However, much of southeastern Europe and central Europe, including many of the Goths and Vandals respectively, had embraced Arianism ( the Visigoths converted to Arian Christianity in 376 ), which led to Arianism being a religious factor in various wars in the Roman Empire.

Antoninus Pius (; born 19 September 86AD – died 7 March 161AD ), also known as Antoninus, was Roman Emperor from 138AD to 161AD.

* Annia Galeria Faustina Minor or Faustina the Younger ( between 125 – 130 – 175 ), a future Roman Empress, married her maternal cousin, future Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius in 146.

* Adrian of Nicomedia ( died 306 ), martyr and Herculian Guard of the Roman Emperor Galerius Maximian

* Adrian Leo Doyle ( born 1936 ), Australian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church

* Adrian von Walenburch ( died 1669 ), auxiliary bishop of Cologne and controversial Dutch Roman Catholic theologian

* Adrian Goldsworthy ( born 1969 ), British historian and author who writes mostly about ancient Roman history

A marriage of sorts is arranged between Dido and Aeneas at the instigation of Juno, who was told of the fact that her favorite city would eventually be defeated by the Trojans ' descendants, and Aeneas's mother Venus ( the Roman adaptation of Aphrodite ), who realizes that her son and his company need a temporary reprieve to reinforce themselves for the journey to come.

* Alexander Severus, ( 208 – 235 ), Roman Empire

Roman military tribunes ( tribuni militum ), senior officers in Roman legions, wore a similar purple band so the reference may be to a family background of military leadership.

* Anastasius I ( emperor ) ( 430 – 518 ), Roman ( Byzantine ) Emperor from 491 to 518

At Rome, he wrote in Latin a history of the Roman empire from the accession of Nerva ( 96 ) to the death of Valens at the Battle of Adrianople ( 378 ), in effect writing a continuation of the history of Tacitus.

Sometimes, Roman numerals are still used for enumeration of lists ( as an alternative to alphabetical enumeration ), for sequential volumes, to differentiate monarchs or family members with the same first names, and ( in lower case ) to number pages in prefatory material in books.

* Aquila ( Roman ), a Roman military standard

* Auriga ( slave ), a Roman slave chauffeur

When the Western Roman Empire was starting to disintegrate, Augustine developed the concept of the Catholic Church as a spiritual City of God ( in a book of the same name ), distinct from the material Earthly City.

There may also be a connection with the Roman god of war Mars, via hypothetical Proto-Indo-European * M ̥ rēs ; compare Ancient Greek μάρναμαι ( marnamai ), " to fight, to battle ", or Punjabi maarna ( to kill, to hit ).

These were rededicated during the early Roman Empire to Augustus or Claudius ( uncertain ), and Agrippa, respectively.