* 1278 – August 26 – Kings Rudolph I of Germany and Ladislaus IV of Hungary defeat King Otakar II of Bohemia in the Battle of Marchfield, a match of over 80, 000 men and the largest battle of knights in the Middle Ages.

In 1397 Count Rudolph IV of Gruyères confirmed an older town charter that was based on the model of Moudon.

King Rudolph I was unable to secure the succession to the German throne for his son, especially due to the objections raised by Ottokar's son King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, and the plans to install Albert as successor of the assassinated King Ladislaus IV of Hungary in 1290 also failed.

He seemed at first inclined to press a quarrel with the Kingdom of France over the Burgundian frontier, but the refusal of Pope Boniface VIII to recognize his election led him to change his policy, and, in 1299, he made a treaty with King Philip IV, by which his son Rudolph was to marry Blanche, a daughter of the French king.

Upon the death of his Bohemian ally, Henry IV reconciled with King Rudolph I and in 1280 went to his Austrian court in Vienna, where Henry tried to obtain for himself the Polish royal crown.

* Pope Innocent IV excommunicates Conrad IV of Germany and Rudolph I of Germany ( later elected Holy Roman Emperor ).

* August 26 – Battle of Marchfield: Kings Rudolph I of Germany and Ladislaus IV of Hungary defeat King Otakar II of Bohemia in a match of over 80, 000 men and the largest battle of knights in the Middle Ages.

Rudolph was the son of Count Albert IV of Habsburg and Hedwig, daughter of Count Ulrich of Kyburg, and was born at Limburg Castle near Sasbach am Kaiserstuhl in the Breisgau region.

Rudolph paid frequent visits to the court of his godfather, the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II, and his loyalty to Frederick and his son, King Conrad IV of Germany, was richly rewarded by grants of land.

To meet this coalition, Rudolph formed an alliance with King Ladislaus IV of Hungary and gave additional privileges to the Vienna citizens.

Frederick II designated the Bishop of Strasbourg to administer Alsace, but the authority of the bishop was challenged by Count Rudolph of Habsburg, who received his rights from Frederick II's son Conrad IV.

It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is the oldest university in the German-speaking world after Charles University in Prague which was founded in 1348.

Margarete Maultasch decided to bequeathe Tyrol to Duke Rudolph IV of the House of Habsburg, probably pressed by the aristocracy, an act which caused a conflict between Meinhard's uncle Stephen II, who forged an alliance with the powerful Lord of Milan Bernabò Visconti to invade Tyrol, and the House of Habsburg.

On 11 November 1277, Ladislas IV met King Rudolph I of Germany in Vienna and they entered into an alliance against the King of Bohemia.

* From 21 May 1254 to 29 September 1273, The Great Interregnum in the Holy Roman Empire after the deposition of the last Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II by Pope Innocent IV and the death of his son King Conrad IV of Germany until the election of the Habsburg scion Rudolph as Rex Romanorum.

The first castle, located under the present day church St. Bartholomäi, was destroyed after the Battle of Hohenmölsen between Henry IV and Rudolph of Swabia.

Shortly after the death of King Rudolph in 936, he was constrained to forfeit some land to Hugh the Great by Louis IV.

* Eleanor ( died 1332 ), married ( 1330 ) Rudolph, Duke of Lorraine, son of Frederick IV

: Rudolf IV and Rudolph IV redirect here.

For the Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, see Rudolph IV, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau.

For the Count of Neufchâtel, see Rudolph IV, Count of Neufchâtel.

The decipherment of the epitaph accompanying the cenotaph, or symbolic tomb, of Duke Rudolph IV in the Stephansdom in Vienna.

Among his earliest influences were Punch cartoonist – illustrator Phil May, and American comic strip cartoonists Tad Dorgan, Cliff Sterrett, Rube Goldberg, Rudolph Dirks, Fred Opper, Billy DeBeck, George McManus and Milt Gross.

* 1923 – Rudolph Pariser, Chinese-born American chemist

* 1625 – Johann Rudolph Ahle, German composer, organist, theorist, and Protestant church musician ( d. 1673 )

* 1893 – Georg August Rudolph, German politician ( b. 1816 )

# 1934 – 1940 Rudolph Reimer ( Democrat )

* 1877 – Rudolph Ganz, Swiss pianist, conductor and composer ( d. 1972 )

* 1856 – Rudolph Karstadt, German entrepreneur ( d. 1944 )

* 1998 – Roman Catholic sex abuse cases: The Diocese of Dallas agrees to pay $ 23. 4 million to nine former altar boys who claimed they were sexually abused by former priest Rudolph Kos.

* 1628 – Rudolph Goclenius, German philosopher ( b. 1547 )

* 1972 – Maya Rudolph, American actress, singer, and screenwriter

* 923 – Battle of Soissons: King Robert I of France is killed and King Charles the Simple is arrested by the supporters of Duke Rudolph of Burgundy.

* 1788 – Archduke Rudolph of Austria ( d. 1831 )

* 1923 – Rudolph A. Marcus, Canadian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate

* 2008 – We Wish You a Metal Christmas – Run Run Rudolph

* 1547 – Rudolph Goclenius, German philosopher ( d. 1628 )

* 1895 – Rudolph Valentino, Italian-American actor ( d. 1926 )

* 1950 – James Rudolph Garfield, American politician ( b. 1865 )

* 1906 – Arthur Rudolph, German rocket engineer ( d. 1996 )

* 1994 – Wilma Rudolph, American runner ( b. 1940 )

Mathew sent missionaries to the United States, including the theosophist Bishop J. I. Wedgwood ( 1892 – 1950 ) and Bishop Rudolph de Landas Berghes et de Rache ( 1873 – 1920 ).

* 1998 – Eric Robert Rudolph is charged with six bombings including the 1996 Centennial Olympic Park bombing in Atlanta, Georgia.

* 1918 – Paul Rudolph, American architect ( d. 1997 )

Vanderjagt, ' Wessel Gansfort ( 1419 – 1489 ) and Rudolph Agricola ( 1443 < sup >?</ sup >- 1485 ): Piety and Hebrew ', in Frömmigkeit-Theologie-Frömmigkeitstheologie: Contributions to European Church History.