Categories were first introduced by Samuel Eilenberg and Saunders Mac Lane in 1942 – 45, in connection with algebraic topology.

In 1942 – 45, Samuel Eilenberg and Saunders Mac Lane introduced categories, functors, and natural transformations as part of their work in topology, especially algebraic topology.

* Samuel Eilenberg

Lakoff and Núñez cite Saunders MacLane ( the inventor, with Samuel Eilenberg, of category theory ) in support of their position.

Category theory first appeared in a paper entitled " General Theory of Natural Equivalences ", written by Samuel Eilenberg and Saunders Mac Lane in 1945.

* Henri Cartan, Samuel Eilenberg, Homological algebra.

* Cartan, Henri Paul and Eilenberg, Samuel ( 1956 ) Homological Algebra Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, OCLC 529171

* Eilenberg, Samuel and Moore, J. C. ( 1965 ) Foundations of relative homological algebra ( Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society number 55 ) American Mathematical Society, Providence, R. I., OCLC 1361982

Other notable participants in later days were Hyman Bass, Laurent Schwartz, Jean-Pierre Serre, Alexander Grothendieck, Jean-Louis Koszul, Samuel Eilenberg, Serge Lang and Roger Godement.

Toward the middle of the 20th century it turned out that set theory ( ZFC or otherwise ) was inadequate as a foundation for some of the emerging new fields, such as homological algebra, and category theory was proposed as an alternative foundation by Samuel Eilenberg and others.

In 1944, Samuel Eilenberg overcame the technical limitations, and gave the modern definition of singular homology and cohomology.

Saunders Mac Lane ( 4 August 1909, Taftville, Connecticut – 14 April 2005, San Francisco ) was an American mathematician who cofounded category theory with Samuel Eilenberg.

He started writing on group extensions in 1942, and began his epochal collaboration with Samuel Eilenberg in 1943, resulting in what are now called Eilenberg – MacLane spaces K ( G, n ), having a single non-trivial homotopy group G in dimension n. This work opened the way to group cohomology in general.

Samuel Eilenberg ( September 30, 1913 – January 30, 1998 ) was a Polish and American mathematician of Jewish descent.

In 1991-1992, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York staged an exhibition from more than 400 items that Eilenberg had donated to the museum, entitled The Lotus Transcendent: Indian and Southeast Asian Art From the Samuel Eilenberg Collection ".

* Samuel Eilenberg, Automata, Languages and Machines.

* Samuel Eilenberg & Tudor Ganea, On the Lusternik-Schnirelmann category of abstract groups, Annals of Mathematics, 2nd Ser., 65 ( 1957 ), no.

* Samuel Eilenberg & Saunders Mac Lane, " Relations between homology and homotopy groups of spaces ", Annals of Mathematics 46 ( 1945 ), 480 – 509.

* Samuel Eilenberg & Saunders Mac Lane, " Relations between homology and homotopy groups of spaces.

* Samuel Eilenberg & Norman E. Steenrod, Foundations of algebraic topology, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1952. xv + 328 pp.

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Under leave to extend my remarks, I include the relevant portion of my newsletter, together with the text of the article from the U.S. News & World Report: `` your Congressman, Samuel S. Stratton, reports from Washington, May 1, 1961

The town centre is home to a number of high street multiples, including: Greggs, Argos, Specsavers, Wilkinson's, Shoe Zone, Superdrug, Costa Coffee, JJB Sports, Cash Generator, GAME, Poundland, Timpson, Althams Travel, Ladbrokes, Paddy Power, Claire's, Grainger Games, Post Office, Thomas Cook, Thomson, Burton, Holland & Barrett, Dorothy Perkins, Blockbuster, WHSmith, H Samuel, Iceland, Phones 4U, Boots Opticians, Card Factory, Boots, Store Twenty One, Poundworld, Peacocks, B & M Bargains, Wetherspoons and a mix of other shops.

In all Christian canons of the Old Testament ( Catholic, Orthodox, and Protestant ), it is divided into two parts, 1 & 2 Chronicles — immediately following 1 & 2 Samuel and 1 & 2 Kings — as a summary of them with minor details sometimes added.

The sources used to construct 1 & 2 Samuel are:

Co-Editors Israel J. Katz & John E. Keller ; Associate Editors Samuel G. Armistead & Joseph T. Snow.

* Kayo Samuel Luke-Makers of the comic series Irony & randomness

The company was founded as Collins & Company in 1826 by Samuel W. Collins to make axes.

Orson, together with associates Samuel Wells and Nelson Sizer, ran the phrenological business and publishing house Fowlers & Wells in New York City.

In North America, Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Brandeis wrote that privacy is the " right to be let alone " ( Warren & Brandeis, 1890 ) focuses on protecting individuals.

The Deuteronomistic Historians, who redacted the Former Prophets ( Joshua, Judges, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kings ), idealized Samuel as a figure who is larger than life like Joshua.

The teleostereograph machine, a forerunner to the modern electronic fax, was developed by AT & T's Bell Labs in the 1920s ; however, the first commercial use of image facsimile telegraph devices dates back to the time of Samuel F. B. Morse's invention in the 1800s.

* April 28 – Sir Samuel Cunard, Canadian business man & founder of the Cunard Line ( b. 1787 )

* May 24 – The first electrical telegram is sent over the telegraph by Samuel F. B. Morse from the U. S. Capitol in Washington, D. C. to the B & O Railroad " outer depot " in Baltimore, Maryland, saying " What hath God wrought ".

E. Michael Gerlis and Samuel G. Armistead, Taylor & Francis, 2003.

* Samuel Bowles & Herbert Gintis ( 1975 ).

* Huntington, Samuel P., The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, New York, Simon & Schuster, 1996 ISBN 0-684-84441-9

# Mary Hill Hill, who married Samuel Hill of Washington D. C. & Seattle.

Samuel Johnson & his World.

The Kamajors, a group of traditional fighters mostly from the Mende ethnic group under the command of deputy Defence Minister Samuel Hinga Norman, remained loyal to President Kabbah and defended the Southern part Sierra Leone from the soldiers.

However, the university has also contributed in other fields, such as by the work of mathematicians Paul Erdős, Horace Lamb and Alan Turing ; author Anthony Burgess ; philosophers Samuel Alexander, Ludwig Wittgenstein and Alasdair MacIntyre ; the Pritzker Prize and RIBA Stirling Prize winning architect Norman Foster and composer Peter Maxwell Davies all attended, or worked in, Manchester.

Samuel A. kirkpatrick, David R. Morgan, Thomas G. Kielhorn, The Oklahoma Voter ( Norman, OK, University of Oklahoma Press, 1977 )

There were six other officers present: Surgeon Samuel W. Crawford, First Lt. Theodore Talbot of Company H, First Lt. Jefferson C. Davis of the 1st U. S. Artillery, and Second Lt. Norman J.

Among the more influential scientists have been Harold Gulliksen ( whose book, " Theory of Mental Tests ," helped codify classical test theory ); Frederic Lord ( Item Response Theory ); Samuel Messick, ( modern validity theory ); Robert Linn ( currently known for testing and educational policy ); Norman Frederiksen ( performance assessment ); Ledyard Tucker ( test analysis, including inventing the " Angoff Method " of standard setting ); Donald Rubin ( missing data and causal modeling from observational data ); Karl Joreskog ( structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis ); Paul Holland ( differential item functioning, test equating, causal modeling ); John Carroll ( language testing and cognitive psychology ); Michael Lewis ( infant cognitive, social, and emotional development ); Irving Sigel ( children's cognitive development ); Herman Witkin ( cognitive and learning styles ); K. Patricia Cross ( adult education ); Samuel Ball ( an evaluation researcher who documented the positive educational effects of Sesame Street ); and David Rosenhan ( known for the Rosenhan experiment, which challenged the validity of psychiatric diagnosis ).

Major citations have included the APA Distinguished Contributions to Knowledge Award ( Norman Frederiksen, 1984 ), the APA Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award ( Frederic Lord, 1988 ); the AERA E. F. Lindquist Award ( William Turnbull, 1981 ; Frederic Lord, 1988 ; Samuel Messick, 1994 ; Paul Holland, 2000 ; Wendy Yen, 2008 ); the NCME Career Contributions to Educational Measurement Award ( Frederic Lord, 1990 ; Paul Holland, 2004 ; Neil Dorans, 2010 ); and the Jean Piaget Society's Lifetime Achievement Award ( Irving Sigel, 2002 ); among many other awards.

The concept of an exact sequence only appeared in print in the 1952 book Foundations of Algebraic Topology by Samuel Eilenberg and Norman Steenrod where the results of Mayer and Vietoris were expressed in the modern form.

Thomas Allen, Stig Andersen, José Carreras, Plácido Domingo, Bruce Ford, Donald Gramm, Nicolai Ghiaurov, Marcello Giordani, Franz Grundheber, Dmitri Hvorostovsky, Sergei Leiferkus, Sherrill Milnes, Leo Nucci, Luciano Pavarotti, Samuel Ramey, Bo Skovhus, Thomas Stewart, Norman Treigle, Richard Tucker, Ramón Vargas, Jon Vickers, Gosta Winbergh.

Kabbah's government was revived nine months later as the military-rebel junta was removed by troops of the Economic Community of West African States ( ECOWAS ) under the command of the Nigerian led ECOMOG ( ECOWAS Ceasefire Monitoring Group ) and loyal civil and military defence forces, notably the Kamajors led by Samuel Hinga Norman.

She also collaborated with composers including Aaron Copland on Appalachian Spring, Louis Horst, Samuel Barber, William Schuman, Carlos Surinach, Norman Dello Joio, and Gian Carlo Menotti.

* Johnson, Norman L .; and Kotz, Samuel ( 1977 ); Urn Models and Their Application: An Approach to Modern Discrete Probability Theory, Wiley ISBN 0-471-44630-0

Samuel Hinga Norman, who was Sierra Leone's minister of Defense and former leader of the militant group the Civil Defense Forces ( commonly known as the Kamajors ).

* Samuel Hinga Norman, Sierra Leone defense minister from 1998 to 2002 and former head of the militant group the Civil Defense Forces ( commonly known as the Kamajors ).

The book was made into the film Sphere in 1998, directed by Barry Levinson, with a cast including Dustin Hoffman ( Norman Johnson, renamed Norman Goodman ), Samuel L. Jackson ( Harry Adams ), Peter Coyote ( Harold Barnes ), Liev Schreiber ( Ted Fielding ), and Sharon Stone ( Beth Halpern, renamed Halperin ).

Samuel Norman " Sam " Seaborn is a fictional character portrayed by Rob Lowe on the television serial drama The West Wing.

Partial least squares, pp. 581 – 591 in Samuel Kotz and Norman L. Johnson, eds., Encyclopedia of statistical sciences, Vol.

As literary influences he cites a diverse group that includes Samuel Beckett, Jorge-Luis Borges, Italo Calvino, Raymond Queneau, Leo Tolstoy, and Marcel Proust, along with the Canadian writers Norman Levine, bpNichol and Margaret Avison.

Norman Mailer, for instance, said " There is no question that Hogg by Samuel R. Delany is a serious book with literary merit.

Basic's list of authors includes Christopher Andrew, Anthony Appiah, Isaac Asimov, Robert Axelrod, Susan R. Barry, Daniel Bell, John Bradshaw, Allan Brandt, Richard Brookhiser, Zbigniew Brzezinski, William F. Buckley, Stephen Carter, Iris Chang, George Chauncey, Stephanie Coontz, Dinesh D ’ Souza, Devra Davis, Richard Dawkins, Hernando de Soto, Jared Diamond, Michael Eric Dyson, Thomas B. Edsall, Richard Evans, Graham Farmelo, Niall Ferguson, Richard Feynman, Richard Florida, Robin Lane Fox, Sigmund Freud, Howard Gardner, Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Clifford Geertz, George Gilder, Barry Glassner, Robert Harms, Judith L. Herman, Christopher Hitchens, Douglas Hofstadter, Samuel P. Huntington, Jacqueline Jones, June Jordan, Leszek Kołakowski, Lawrence Krauss, Irving Kristol, George Lakoff, Edward Larson, Christopher Lasch, Mary Lefkowitz, Lawrence Lessig, Claude Levi-Strauss, Bernard Lewis, Robert Jay Lifton, Jeff Madrick, Nelson Mandela, Benoit Mandelbrot, Ernst Mayr, Walter A. McDougall, John McWhorter, Dana Milbank, Alice Miller, Walter Mosley, Charles Murray, Richard John Neuhaus, Donald Norman, Robert Nozick, Joseph S. Nye, Jr., James T. Patterson, Orlando Patterson, Jean Piaget, Steven Pinker, Karl Popper, Samantha Power, Diane Ravitch, Eugene Rogan, Juliet Schor, Brent Scowcroft, Anne-Marie Slaughter, Lee Smolin, Timothy Snyder, Thomas Sowell, Ian Stewart, Cass Sunstein, Beverly Daniel Tatum, Lester Thurow, Sherry Turkle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Michael Walzer, Elizabeth Warren, George Weigel, Steven Weinberg, Cornel West, Frank Wilczek, A. N.

A team made up of marine biologist Dr. Beth Halperin ( Sharon Stone ), mathematician Dr. Harry Adams ( Samuel L. Jackson ), astrophysicist Dr. Ted Fielding ( Liev Schreiber ), psychologist Dr. Norman Goodman ( Dustin Hoffman ), and U. S. Navy Capt.

The actual philosophy underlying the combination of Torah and secular wisdom at Yeshiva University was variously articulated, first by Rabbi Dr. Bernard Revel, by his successors Rabbi Dr. Samuel Belkin and Rabbi Dr. Joseph Soloveitchik, and most recently, and formally, by Rabbi Dr. Norman Lamm.