* Michael Green, MD, PhD, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator ; Searle Scholar Award ; Presidential Young Investigators Award ; McKnight Neuroscience Award ; Harvey Lecture in 1993 ; Fox Chase Distinguished Lecture in Cancer Research in 2010 ; featured on Biochemistry and Biology and Genetics and Cell Biology on ISI Highly Cited

* Searle, G. F. C., " Oliver Heaviside, the Man ".

In 1819, a Presbyterian minister by the name of Thomas C. Searle ( January 15, 1787-October 15, 1821 ) moved to nearby Madison.

Searle illustrates the evolution of social facts from brute facts by the constitutive rule: X counts as Y in C. " The Y terms has to assign a new status that the object does not already have just in virtue of satisfying the Y term ; and there has to be collective agreement, or at least acceptance, both in the imposition of that status on the stuff referred to by the X term and about the function that goes with that status.

Architects John C. Parkin, Searle, Wilby, and Rowland designed the buildings in the then-popular Brutalist style.

Contributors included H. E. Bates, Sir Max Beerbohm, James Boswell, Bill Brandt, Brassaï, Patrick Campbell, Aleister Crowley, Robert Doisneau, Dominick Elwes, Ronald Ferns, C. S. Forester, John Glashan, Sydney Jacobson, Robert Graves, Michael Heath, Ergy Landau, Nancy Mitford, Stephen Potter, V. S. Pritchett, Ronald Searle, Sir Sacheverell Sitwell, and Ylla.

To make a Turing machine that speaks Chinese, Searle gets in a room stocked with algorithms programmed to respond to Chinese questions, i. e., Turing machines, programmed to correctly answer in Chinese questions asked in Chinese, and he finds he's able to process the inputs to outputs perfectly without having any understanding of Chinese, nor having any idea what the questions and answers could possibly mean.

Many current and recent philosophers — e. g., Daniel Dennett, Willard Van Orman Quine, Donald Davidson, John Rogers Searle, and Jerry Fodor — operate within a broadly physicalist or materialist framework, producing rival accounts of how best to accommodate mind — functionalism, anomalous monism, identity theory, and so on.

Searle argues that the goal of science is to establish and validate statements which are epistemically objective, ( i. e., whose truth can be discovered and evaluated by any interested party ), but are not necessarily ontologically objective.

Searle argued that such institutional realities interact with each other in what he called “ systematic relationships ( e. g., governments, marriages, corporations, universities, armies, churches )” to create a multi-layered social reality.

* Searle, Alaric, Wehrmacht Generals, West German Society, and the Debate on Rearmament, 1949-1959, Praeger Pub., ( 2003 ).

In University of Rochester v. G. D. Searle & Co., 358 F. 3d 916 ( Fed.

According to a widespread opinion, an adequate and useful account of " illocutionary acts " has been provided by John Searle ( e. g., 1969, 1975, 1979 ).

* Searle, J. R., " A Taxonomy of Illocutionary Acts ", pp. 1 – 19 in Searle, J. R., Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts, Cambridge University Press, ( Cambridge ), 1979.

This is a reprint of the same paper that was published twice, in 1975 and 1976, under two different titles: ( a ) Searle, J. R., " A Taxonomy of Illocutionary Acts ", pp. 344 – 369 in Gunderson, K.

), Language, Mind, and Knowledge, University of Minnesota Press, ( Minneapolis ), 1975 ; and ( b ) Searle, J. R., " A Classification of Illocutionary Acts ", Language in Society, Vol. 5, ( 1976 ), pp. 1 – 24.

* Searle, J. R., Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts, Cambridge University Press, ( Cambridge ), 1985.

* Searle, J. R. & Vanderveken, D., Foundations of Illocutionary Logic, Cambridge University Press, ( Cambridge ), 1985.

* Searle, Muriel V., Down the line to Brighton, Baton Transport, 1986.

* Searle, Humphrey, The Music of Liszt, Second Revised Edition ( New York: Dover Publications Inc., 1966 ).

In University of Rochester v. G. D. Searle & Co., 358 F. 3d 916 ( Fed.

Jarecki v. G. D. Searle & Co., 367 U. S. 303 ( 1961 ), was a U. S. Supreme Court case.

Oxandrolone, also known as oxandrin, is a drug first synthesized by Raphael Pappo while at Searle Laboratories, now Pfizer Inc., under the trademark Anavar, and introduced into the United States in 1964.

Searle, Country Before Party: Coalition and the Idea of ' National Government ' in Modern Britain ( Studies in Modern History, Longman, 1995 )

* History: 1-T was discovered in the 1950s, explored as a potential anabolic product by the pharmaceutical company G. D. Searle, but not commercialized at the time due to difficulty in delivery.

So therefore, if Searle is right, it's most likely that human beings ( as we see them today ) are actually " zombies ," who nevertheless insist they are conscious.

As summarized by philosopher John Searle, de Saussure established that ' I understand the sentence " the cat is on the mat " the way I do because I know how it would relate to an indefinite — indeed infinite — set of other sentences, " the dog is on the mat ," " the cat is on the couch ," etc.

In 1972, Derrida wrote " Signature Event Context ," an essay on J. L. Austin's speech act theory ; following a critique of this text by John Searle in his 1977 essay Reiterating the Differences, Derrida wrote the same year Limited Inc abc ..., a long defense of his earlier argument.

The postmodern outlook of the film (" a field of urns in a dismal swamp, a gnarled, blasted oak in the background, a lowering, Chernobyl sky ") was however criticized by The Guardians Art critic Adrian Searle as " adolescent, and worse, clichéd and illustrational ," adding: " Any minute, expect a dragon ".

It is true that language is not a " brute fact ," that it is an institutional fact, a human convention, a metaphysical reality ( that happens to be physically uttered ), but Searle points out that there are language-independent thoughts " noninstitutional, primitive, biological inclinations and cognitions not requiring any linguistic devices ," and that there are many " brute facts " amongst both humans and animals that are truths that should not be altered in the social constructs because language does not truly constitute them, despite the attempt to institute them for any group's gain: money and property are language dependent, but desires ( thirst, hunger ) and emotions ( fear, rage ) are not.

* John Searle, " The Storm Over the University ," The New York Review of Books, December 6, 1990

The Association's civil engineer, Art Pillsbury, turned to Prince for consultation, found that he was a capable builder but was " quite innocent of any engineering knowledge ," and so resorted to a method used by railroads, called the Searle Spiral Easement Curve, to design the track's layout and contours.

*--------, " Consciousness and the Experience of Freedom ," in John Searle and His Critics, ( Philosophers and their Critics ) by Ernest Lepore ( Editor ), Walter Gulick ( Editor ), Wiley-Blackwell ( April 15, 1993 ) ISBN 0-631-18702-2, ISBN 978-0-631-18702-8

*" Jungle Trip " ( 2001 ), directed by Gavin Searle.

Within philosophy familiar names include Daniel Dennett who writes from a computational systems perspective, John Searle known for his controversial Chinese room, Jerry Fodor who advocates functionalism, and Douglas Hofstadter, famous for writing Gödel, Escher, Bach, which questions the nature of words and thought.

In a lively exchange over what has come to be referred to as " The Chinese room Argument ", John Searle sought to refute the claim of proponents of what he calls ' Strong Artificial Intelligence ( AI )' that a computer program can be conscious, though he does agree with advocates of " Weak AI " that computer programs can be formatted to " simulate " conscious states.

If the experiment were done in English, since Searle knows English, he would be able to take questions and give answers without any algorithms for English questions, and he would be affectively aware of what was being said and the purposes it might serve: Searle passes the Turing test of answering the questions in both languages, but he's only conscious of what he's doing when he speaks English.

Searle himself was vague about what extra ingredients it would take to make a machine conscious: all he proposed was that what was needed was " causal powers " of the sort that the brain has and that computers lack.

The Chinese room is a thought experiment presented by John Searle.

Similarly, Searle concludes, a computer executing the program would not understand the conversation either.

Suppose, says Searle, that this computer performs its task so convincingly that it comfortably passes the Turing test: it convinces a human Chinese speaker that the program is itself a live Chinese speaker.

Searle then supposes that he is in a closed room and has a book with an English version of the computer program, along with sufficient paper, pencils, erasers, and filing cabinets.

Searle could receive Chinese characters through a slot in the door, process them according to the program's instructions, and produce Chinese characters as output.

As the computer had passed the Turing test this way, it is fair, says Searle, to deduce that he would be able to do so as well, simply by running the program manually.

Searle asserts that there is no essential difference between the role the computer plays in the first case and the role he plays in the latter.

And yet, Searle points out, " I don't speak a word of Chinese.

" Since he does not understand Chinese, Searle argues, we must infer that the computer does not understand Chinese either.

Since it does not think, it does not have a " mind " in anything like the normal sense of the word, according to Searle.

Searle believes that human beings directly experience their consciousness, intentionality and the nature of the mind every day, and that this experience of consciousness is not open to question.

" These replies question whether Searle is justified in using his own experience of consciousness to determine that it is more than mechanical symbol processing.

In particular, the other minds reply argues that we can't use our experience of consciousness to answer questions about other minds ( even the mind of a computer ), and the epiphenomena reply argues that Searle's consciousness does not " exist " in the sense that Searle thinks it does.

Critics of Searle argue that he is holding the Chinese room to a higher standard than we would hold an ordinary person.

For all I know, Searle may only be behaving as if he were thinking deeply about these matters.

: Alan Turing ( writing 30 years before Searle presented his argument ) noted that people never consider the problem of other minds when dealing with each other.

Searle disagrees with this analysis and argues that " the study of the mind starts with such facts as that humans have beliefs, while thermostats, telephones, and adding machines don't ... what we wanted to know is what distinguishes the mind from thermostats and livers.