* Shōen ( Japanese Manorialism )

This ordinance is now called chōkyū-shōen-seiri-rei (" The Order for Disposal of Shōen in Chōkyū Era " in Japanese ).

* Amino Yoshihiko et al., Shōen no seiritsu to ryōyū 荘園の成立と領有 Rise of Japanese Manors and their Territorial Rights, ( Kōza Nihon shōen shi 講座日本荘園史, 2 ), Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, 1991 ; ISBN 4-642-02692-4.

He was in position to edict several laws and regulations ( most notably the Enkyū Shōen Regulation Decree ) during his rule, thus weakening the regency.

Shōen holders had access to manpower and, as they obtained improved military technology ( such as new training methods, more powerful bows, armor, horses, and superior swords ) and faced worsening local conditions in the ninth century, military service became part of shōen life.

Shōen feudal estates were established across the three provinces, and the region became an important source of tax revenue, agricultural and other products to the capital in Kyoto.

Nichinan began as part of the Fujiwara Shōen in the Heian period.

Shōen, from about the 8th to the late 15th century, describes any of the private, tax-free, often autonomous estates or manors whose rise undermined the political and economic power of the emperor and contributed to the growth of powerful local clans.

Shōen appeared in the eighth century and disappeared in the sixteenth century.

Shōen of the second type, which continued from the middle of Heian period to the Sengoku period, are called chūsei-shōen ( 中世荘園, lit.

Shōen composed primarily of newly reclaimed land characterized shoki shōen, and accordingly shoki-shōen are sometimes called kondenchi-kei-shōen ( 墾田地系荘園, lit.

She was taller than most Japanese girls, and had the exquisitely willowy form of the Japanese girl who is lucky enough to be tall.

These early Japanese lamellar armours took the form of a sleeveless jacket and a helmet.

In 1961, Sony Corporation was the first Japanese company to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange, in the form of American Depositary Receipts ( ADRs ), which are traded over-the-counter.

It is mainly an oriental art form, and most 3D beading resources are written in oriental languages, such as Japanese and Chinese, further impeding wide access to English-speaking countries.

The American poet Adelaide Crapsey invented the modern form, known as American Cinquain inspired by Japanese haiku and tanka, akin in spirit to that of the Imagists

Another form of collation is radical-and-stroke sorting, used for non-alphabetic writing systems such as Chinese hanzi and Japanese kanji, whose thousands of symbols defy ordering by convention.

He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state.

Japanese fascist Nakano Seigo advocated that Japan follow the Italian and German models, which were " a form of more democratic government going beyond democracy " which itself had " lost its spirit and decayed into a mechanism which insists only on numerical superiority without considering the essence of human beings.

Japanese writing had long depended on Chinese ideograms ( kanji ), but these were now supplemented by kana, two types of phonetic Japanese script: katakana, a mnemonic device using parts of Chinese ideograms ; and hiragana, a cursive form of kanji writing and an art form in itself.

Japanese courtesans had another form of flirting, emphasizing non-verbal relationships by hiding the lips and showing the eyes, as depicted in much Shunga art, the most popular print media at the time, until the late 19th century.

For example, two-tense languages such as English and Japanese express past and non-past, this latter covering both present and future in one verb form.

( no separate plural form ) is a very short form of Japanese poetry typically characterised by three qualities:

The mountainous islands of the Japanese Archipelago form a crescent off the eastern coast of Asia.

Central Japan is marked by the convergence of the three mountain chains — the Hida, Kiso, and Akaishi mountains — that form the Japanese Alps ( Nihon Arupusu ), several of whose peaks are higher than 3, 000 meters.

Old Japanese is the first attested written form of Japanese – the earliest text, the Kojiki, dates to the early 8th century AD ; the end of Old Japanese coincides with the end of the Nara period in 794.

" hair of the eye "); modern mieru (" to be visible ") and kikoeru (" to be audible ") retain what may have been a frequentative suffix-ru ( kikoyu > kikoyuru ( the attributive form, which slowly replaced the plain form starting in the late Heian period ) > kikoeru ( as all shimo-nidan verbs in modern Japanese did )); and the genitive particle ga remains in intentionally archaic speech.

The end of Early Middle Japanese sees the beginning of a shift where the attributive form ( Japanese rentaikei ) slowly replaces the uninflected form ( shūshikei ).

A Western Zhou ceremonial bronze of cooking-vessel form inscribed to record that the King of Zhou gave a fiefdom to Shi You, ordering that he inherit the title as well as the land and people living there

Aware that some plot is afoot, Duke Leto accepts his new fiefdom so that he might form an alliance with the Fremen and end the plots against him and his House.

Together they also developed a new form of voltaic cell in which the wooden trough was replaced by one of copper, thereby producing stronger currents.

True terminal bronchioles comprise the most frequent form taken by the distal airways in types 1 and 3, although small numbers of poorly developed respiratory bronchioles are present.

Well developed respiratory bronchioles, on the other hand, appear to be the only form taken by the distal airways in type 2.

Applying the techniques developed at Harvard for generating a paradigm from a representative form and its classification, we can add all forms of a word to the dictionary at once.

Zhuyin developed out of a form of Chinese shorthand based on Chinese characters in the early 1900s and has elements of both an alphabet and a syllabary.

* Cal-Earth ( The California Institute of Earth Art and Architecture ) has developed a patented system called Superadobe, in which bags filled with stabilized earth are layered with strands of barbed wire to form a structure strong enough to withstand earthquakes, fire and flood.

This was developed into the language " E-Prime " by D. David Bourland, Jr. 15 years after his death ( E-Prime a form of the English language in which the verb " to be " does not appear in any of its forms ; for example, the sentence " the movie was good " could translate into E-Prime as " I liked the movie ", thereby distinguishing opinion from fact ).

The abjad form of writing is well-adapted to the morphological structure of the Semitic languages it was developed to write.

Over time, the alphabet developed into the form shown below.

The Americans developed their own form of " new social history " from entirely different routes.

Since this picture was first developed by Ernst Stueckelberg, and acquired its modern form in Feynman's work, it is called the Feynman-Stueckelberg interpretation of antiparticles to honor both scientists.

Amalric appears to have derived his philosophical system from Eriugena, whose principles he developed in a one-sided and strongly pantheistic form.

After the team had developed a method of purifying penicillin to an effective first stable form in 1940, several clinical trials ensued, and their amazing success inspired the team to develop methods for mass production and mass distribution in 1945.

( from Icelandic for " Æsir faith ", pronounced, in Old Norse ) is a form of Germanic neopaganism which developed in the United States from the 1970s.

Theodism, or Þéodisc Geléafa ( Old English: " tribal belief ") is another form of Germanic neopaganism that developed in the United States contemporaneous with Asatru.

Because the original designer had left the company another employee completely redesigned most of the system, ( adding a display snow remover circuit, true 80 / 64 column text mode support, ( with different size letters for TRS-80 and CP / M mode, so that in TRS-80 mode the full screen was also used, not just a 64x16 portion of the 80x25 screen ) with an improved font set ( adding " gray scale " version of the TRS-80 mozaik graphics and many special PETSCII like characters ), and a more flexible and reliable floppy disk controller and keyboard interface plus many other small improvements ), also an enclosure was developed for the main computer system, ( in the form of a 19-inch rack for the Eurocards ) and for two floppy disk drives and the power supply.

Finally a replacement for the aging Z80 processor was being developed in the form of an Intel 8086 board, and additional 512K 16 bit memory boards.

Training in conservation for many years took the form of an apprenticeship, whereby an apprentice slowly developed the necessary skills to undertake their job.

The modern form of AAS was largely developed during the 1950s by a team of Australian chemists.

The software is developed and sold by Autodesk, Inc., first released in December 1982 by Autodesk in the year following the purchase of the first form of the software by Autodesk founder, John Walker.

The modern form of this instrument was developed by Edward Weston, and uses two spiral springs to provide the restoring force.

Minsk has a digital metropolitan network ; waiting lists for telephones are long ; fixed line penetration is improving although rural areas continue to be undeserved ; intercity-Belarus has developed fibre-optic backbone system presently serving at least 13 major cities ( 1998 ); Belarus's fibre optics form synchronous digital hierarchy rings through other countries ' systems ; an inadequate analogue system remains operational.

A standardized form of the Basque language, called Euskara Batua, was developed by the Basque Language Academy in the late 1960s.

During the rough and tumble years of the American-National struggle, player contracts were violated at the independents as well: Players that the team had developed would sign deals with the National or American leagues without any form of compensation to the indy club.

In the 1930s, musician and inventor Paul Tutmarc from Seattle, Washington, developed the first electric string bass in its modern form, a fretted instrument designed to be held and played horizontally.