Physicist Lee Smolin writes in Three Roads to Quantum Gravity that topos theory is " the right form of logic for cosmology " ( page 30 ) and " In its first forms it was called ' intuitionistic logic '" ( page 31 ).

The model was expressly generalized for an infinite number of generations and for the weak force bosons ( but not for photons or gluons ) in a 2008 paper by Bilson-Thompson, Hackett, Kauffman and Smolin.

** Lee Smolin, The case for background independence, e-print available as hep-th / 0507235.

The recipients of the 2006 Majorana Prize were Erasmo Recami ( University of Bergamo and INFN ) and George Sudarshan ( University of Texas ); of the 2007 Majorana Prize: Lee Smolin ( Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Canada ), Eliano Pessa ( Centro Interdipartimentale di Scienze Cognitive, Università di Pavia and Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Pavia Piazza Botta, Italy ) and Marcello Cini ( Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy ).

For example, in The Trouble with Physics, the theoretical physicist, Lee Smolin says "... it is practically career suicide for young theoretical physicists not to join the field of string theory.

David Smolin | The Center for Biotechnology, Law and Ethics-2006 Biofuels Conference

* L. Smolin, The case for background independence, hep-th / 0507235

** Lee Smolin, The case for background independence, e-print available as hep-th / 0507235.

In 1995-7, working with Smolin, Wootters, IBM's Di Vincenzo, and other collaborators, he introduced several techniques for faithful transmission of classical and quantum information through noisy channels, part of the larger and recently very active field of quantum information and computation theory.

A discussion in 2006 took place between University of California, Santa Barbara physicists at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics and science journalist George Johnson regarding the controversy caused by Lee Smolin and Woit's books.

However, research by Markopoulou and Smolin demonstrates that the cause for those concerns may be limited.

" The Edge Foundation presented a criticism of Davies ' article written by Jerry Coyne, Nathan Myhrvold, Lawrence Krauss, Scott Atran, Sean Carroll, Jeremy Bernstein, PZ Myers, Lee Smolin, John Horgan, Alan Sokal and a response by Davies beginning I was dismayed at how many of my detractors completely misunderstood what I had written.

On October 11, 2010, Michio Kaku appeared in the BBC program " What Happened Before the Big Bang " ( along with Laura Mersini-Houghton, Andrei Linde, Roger Penrose, Lee Smolin, Neil Turok, and other notable cosmologists and physicists ), where he propounded his theory of the universe created out of nothing.

* Singer / songwriter / radio DJ Barry Smolin released a 2009 music album, " Bring Back the Real Don Steele ," which opens with a track called " Boss Radio.

On 13 September 1502 he won the Battle of Smolin ( at Lake Smolin close to the village Palkino in Pskov Oblast ) with his 5, 000 men against about 12, 000 Russians.

* Magueijo and Smolin ; " Lorentz invariance with an invariant energy scale " http :// arxiv. org / abs / hep-th / 0112090v2

The meeting was titled " The String Wars " to reflect the impression the media has given people regarding the controversy in string theory caused by Smolin and Woit's books.

Shortly after, Ted Jacobson and Lee Smolin realized that the formal equation of quantum gravity, called the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, admitted solutions labelled by loops, when rewritten in the new Ashtekar language, and Carlo Rovelli and Lee Smolin defined a nonperturbative and background-independent quantum theory gravity in terms of these loop solutions.

In 1994, Rovelli and Smolin showed that the quantum operators of the theory associated to area and volume have a discrete spectrum.

Spin networks have been applied to the theory of quantum gravity by Carlo Rovelli, Lee Smolin, Jorge Pullin and others.

Lee Smolin, one of the originators of LQG, has proposed that a loop quantum gravity theory incorporating either supersymmetry or extra dimensions, or both, be called " loop quantum gravity II ".

In 1988 Carlo Rovelli, Lee Smolin, and Abhay Ashtekar introduced a theory of quantum gravity called loop quantum gravity.

In 1995 Rovelli and Smolin obtained a clear basis of states of quantum gravity, labelled by Penrose's spin networks, and using this basis they were able to show that the theory predicts that area and volume are quantized.

In the book, Smolin details his fecund universes theory which applies the principle of natural selection to the birth of universes.

** Carlo Rovelli and Lee Smolin, Knot theory and quantum gravity, Phys.

* Leonard Susskind and Lee Smolin debate the Anthropic Principle.

* Smolin, Lee.

Lee Smolin regularly argues that the layers of nature may be like the layers of an onion, and that the number of layers might be infinite.

In 1963 Wolf Vostell exhibited the installation 6 TV Dé-coll / age at the Smolin Gallery in New York.

Wolf Vostell shows his installation „ 6 TV De-coll / age “ in 1963 at the at the Smolin Gallery in New York.

Causal dynamical triangulation ( abbreviated as " CDT ") invented by Renate Loll, Jan Ambjørn and Jerzy Jurkiewicz, and popularized by Fotini Markopoulou and Lee Smolin, is an approach to quantum gravity that like loop quantum gravity is background independent.

But there are also attempts to relate directly matter and geometry ( by Renate Loll, Jan Ambjørn, Lee Smolin, Sundance Bilson-Thompson, Laurent Freidel, Mark B.

** Carlo Rovelli and Lee Smolin, Discreteness of area and volume in quantum gravity, Nucl.

* Loop Quantum Gravity: Lee Smolin.

* Spin Networks and Quantum Gravity, Carlo Rovelli and Lee Smolin, Physical Review D 53, 5743 ( 1995 ); gr-qc / 9505006.

A different model, inspired by that of Amelino-Camelia, was proposed in 2001 by João Magueijo and Lee Smolin, who also focused on the invariance of Planck energy.

Jafari and Shariati have constructed canonical transformations that relate both the doubly special relativity theories of Amelino-Camelia and of Magueijo and Smolin to ordinary special relativity.

Physicist Lee Smolin has written that if such cosmic rays which violate the GZK limit can be confirmed, and other possible explanations discounted, it " would be the most momentous discovery of the last hundred years — the first breakdown of the basic theories comprising the twentieth century's scientific revolution.

* David M. Smolin, American law professor

* John A. Smolin, American physicist

* In spin foam system and loop quantum gravity that was proposed by Lee Smolin.

Smolin and his colleagues in a series of works show that, based on the loop quantization of spacetime, in the very early time, a simple evolutionary model ( similar to the sand pile model ) behaves as a power law distribution on both the size and area of avalanche.