Abdülaziz ( Ottoman Turkish: عبد العزيز / ` Abdü ’ l -` Azīz ; February 9 / 18, 1830 – June 4, 1876 ) was the 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and reigned between 25 June 1861 and 30 May 1876.

The mausoleum ( türbe ) of Sultan Mehmet II in Divan Yolu street, where Abdülaziz is buried as well

Abdülaziz was deposed by his ministers on 30 May 1876 ; his death at Feriye Palace in Constantinople a few days later was attributed to suicide at the time, although in Sultan Abdulhamid II's recently surfaced memoirs, the event is described as an assassination by the order of Hussein Avni Pasha and Midhat Pasha.

Within a few days, on 4 June 1876, they arranged for Sultan Abdülaziz to kill himself with scissors, cutting his two wrists at the same time.

Sarcophagus of Sultan Abdülaziz in the mausoleum of Sultan Mahmud II.

Through a military coup in 1876, they forced Sultan Abdülaziz ( 1861 – 1876 ) to abdicate in favour of Murad V. However, Murad V was mentally ill and was deposed within a few months.

Murad became the Sultan when his uncle Abdülaziz was deposed.

* Andreas Birken, " The Tughra of Sultan Abdülaziz ( 1861-76 )", Peshawar Stamp Society

On 29 May 1868, he was born at Dolmabahçe Palace or at Beşiktaş Palace, Beşiktaş, in Constantinople, to then Sultan Abdülaziz and his wife Hayranıdil Kadınefendi.

The only official night opening during the story of Bazaar occurred during the feast organized for the return of Sultan Abdülaziz from Egypt, when the Sovereign crossed the illuminated market riding an horse among the rejoicing populace.

The Muhammad Ali Dynasty ’ s use of the title Khedive was not sanctioned by the Ottoman Empire until 1867 when Sultan Abdülaziz officially recognized it as the title of Ismail Pasha.

The foundation era covers the years between 1300 ( Byzantine expedition ) and 1453 ( Fall of Constantinople ), the classical period covers the years between 1451 ( enthronement of Sultan Mehmed II ) and 1606 ( Peace of Zsitvatorok ), the reformation period covers the years between 1606 and 1826 ( Vaka-i Hayriye ), the modernisation period covers the years between 1826 and 1858 and decline period covers the years between 1861 ( enthronement of Sultan Abdülaziz ) and 1918 ( Armistice of Mudros ).

This trend began in 1861, with the translation into Ottoman Turkish of François Fénelon's 1699 novel Les aventures de Télémaque, by Yusuf Kâmil Pasha, Grand Vizier to Sultan Abdülaziz.

This bridge was replaced by a second wooden bridge in 1863, built by Ethem Pertev Paşa on the orders of Sultan Abdülaziz ( 1861 – 1876 ) during the infrastructure improvement works prior to the visit of Napoleon III to Istanbul.

* Abdülaziz ( 1830 – 1876 ), Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

The area was thus the scene of great intrigues of the late Ottoman period such as the dethronement of Sultan Abdülaziz at Dolmabahçe Palace in a coup in 1876, the announcement of the founding of the Ottoman parliament in 1908, and the deposing of Sultan Abdul Hamid II at Yıldız Palace in 1909.

In protest of this decision, Mustafa Fazl Pasha left Egypt for Paris, where he patronized the Young Ottomans opposition against the Sultan Abdülaziz.

Sultan Abdülaziz ( 1861 – 1876 ) was the first Ottoman sultan to travel to Europe.

Sultan Abdülaziz was impressed by the French educational system during his visit, and on his return to Istanbul he announced the Edict of Public Education which established a free compulsory education system for all children until they became twelve.

The Ottoman era yalı ( residence ) | yalı, which was presented to Esma Sultana ( 1873-1899 ) | Sultana Esma as a wedding gift by her father Abdülaziz I | Sultan Abdülaziz, was largely damaged by a fire in 1975.

* 1696 – Mahmud I, Ottoman Sultan ( d. 1754 )

Ahmed I ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد اول Aḥmed-i evvel, ) or Ahmed Bakhti ( April 18, 1590 – November 22, 1617 ) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1603 until his death in 1617.

A half-brother of Ahmed, Yahya, resented his accession to the Ottoman throne in 1603, and spent his life scheming to become Sultan.

Ahmed II Khan Ghazi ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثانى Aḥmed-i < u > s </ u > ānī ) < span dir =" ltr ">( February 25, 1643 – February 6, 1695 )</ span > was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1691 to 1695.

Ahmed III ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثالث Aḥmed-i < u > s </ u > āli < u > s </ u >) < span dir =" ltr ">( December 30 / 31, 1673 – July 1, 1736 )</ span > was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and a son of Sultan Mehmed IV ( 1648 – 87 ).

In 1710 he convinced the Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III to declare war against Russia, and the Ottoman forces under Baltacı Mehmet Pasha won a major victory at the Battle of Prut.

The subsequent Ottoman victories against Russia enabled the Ottoman Empire to advance to Moscow, had the Sultan wished.

In the year 1712, the Mughal Emperor Jahandar Shah, a grandson of Aurangzeb sent gifts to the Ottoman Sultan Ahmad III and refereed to himself as the Ottoman Sultan's devoted admirer.

* 1909 – The Turkish military reverses the Ottoman countercoup of 1909 to force the overthrow of Sultan Abdul Hamid II.

* 1514 – The Battle of Chaldiran ends with a decisive victory for the Sultan Selim I, Ottoman Empire, over the Shah Ismail I, Safavids founder.

* 1876 – Ottoman Sultan Murat V is deposed and succeeded by his brother Abd-ul-Hamid II.

* 1909 – Sultan of Ottoman Empire Abdul Hamid II is overthrown, and is succeeded by his brother, Mehmed V.

The castle was much fought over during the Crusades and was finally conquered by the Ottoman Sultan Beyazid I in 1392 but was lost after the invasion of Timur Lenk in 1402.

Abdülhamid I, Abdul Hamid I or Abd Al-Hamid I ( Ottoman Turkish: عبد الحميد اول ` Abdü ’ l-Ḥamīd-i evvel ), which translates to the Servant of God ( March 20, 1725 – April 7, 1789 ), was the 27th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

* 1461 – The Empire of Trebizond surrenders to the forces of Sultan Mehmed II.

Ahmed voluntarily led his nephew Mahmud I ( 1730 – 54 ) to the seat of sovereignty and paid allegiance to him as Sultan of the Empire.

The distinction of a Knight Commander of the Indian Empire was conferred upon him by Queen Victoria in 1897 ( and later Knight Grand Commander in 1902 by Edward VII ) and he received like recognition for his public services from the German Emperor, the Sultan of Turkey, the Shah of Persia and other potentates.

In the year 1789, Tipu Sultan ruler of the Sultanate of Mysore sent an embassy to the Ottoman capitol of Istanbul, to Sultan Abdul Hamid I requesting urgent assistance against the British East India Company and had proposed an offensive and defensive consortium ; Sultan Abdul Hamid I, informed the ambassadors of the Sultanate of Mysore that the Ottoman Empire was still recuperating from the Austro-Ottoman War and the Russo-Turkish Wars.

Bayezid I ( Ottoman: بايزيد اول, Turkish: Beyazıt, nicknamed Yıldırım ( Ottoman: ییلدیرم ), " the Thunderbolt "; 1354 – March 8, 1403 ) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1389 to 1402.

Beyazıt ) was the oldest son and successor of Mehmed II, ruling as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1512.

Bonaparte believed that by establishing a permanent presence in Egypt ( nominally part of the neutral Ottoman Empire ) the French would obtain a staging point for future operations against British India, possibly in conjunction with the anglophobic Tippoo Sultan of Seringapatam, that might successfully drive the British out of the war.

When the revolt broke out, it was supported by intellectuals, the army, and almost all the ethnic minorities of the Empire, and forced Sultan Abdul Hamid II to re-adopt the long defunct Ottoman constitution of 1877, ushering in the Second Constitutional Era.

A census was taken in the Ottoman Empire 1831-38 by Sultan Mahmud II ( 1808 – 1839 ) as a part of the reform movement Tanzimat.

* 1870 – The Bulgarian Exarchate is established by decree of Sultan Abd-ul-Aziz of the Ottoman Empire.

* 1451 – Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire.

In 1814, the government of Sultan Mahmud II took advantage of local disturbances to reassert their direct authority and held it until the final collapse of the Ottoman Empire.

The region became part of the Afghan Ghaznavid Empire in the 10th century, during the Indian invasions by Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni.

* 1453 – Fall of Constantinople: Ottoman armies under Sultan Mehmed II Fatih captures Constantinople after a 53-day siege, ending the Byzantine Empire.