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Tax and farming
* Tax farming
Senator Fulbright and the Chicken Tax U. S. Poultry farming # Intensive chicken farming | intensive chicken farming led to the 1961 – 1964 " chicken war " with Europe.
* Tax farming
* Tax farming
Tax farming was originally a Roman practice whereby the burden of tax collection was reassigned by the Roman State to private individuals or groups.
Tax farming practices are believed to have contributed to the fall of the Roman empire in Western Europe.
Tax farming was an important step in the history of economic development by providing a method for collecting taxes across a large area without the need for a tax-collecting bureaucracy, or during periods when such a bureaucracy is unworkable or impossible to maintain.
Tax farming is not synonymous with modern privatized tax collection, where private individuals or companies collect taxes and pass them to the state in return for a commission or fee, without bearing any risk consequent of default by the taxpayer.
Tax farming is speculative, meaning that the tenant of the farm bears the full risk of defaulted debts.
Tax farming is speculative as the private individual or group must invest their own money initially to pay off the debt, against the hope of collecting a larger sum subsequently ( hence " farming ").
Tax farming is an old means of collection of revenue when it is difficult to determine the leviable amount taxes with certainty.

Tax and principle
As the Australian Government's principle revenue collection body, the ATO collects income tax, Goods & Services Tax ( GST ) and other federal taxes for the government.
Some eco-taxes underpinned by the polluter pays principle include: the Gas Guzzler Tax, in US, Corporate Average Fuel Economy ( CAFE )- a " polluter pays " fine.
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) has adopted the principle in Article 9 of the OECD Model Tax Convention, to ensure that transfer prices between companies of multinational enterprises are established on a market value basis.
The Court also cited the Supreme Court of the United States ' decision of Walz v. Tax Commission, quoting " The course of constitutional neutrality in this area cannot be an absolutely straight line ... The general principle deducible from the First Amendment and all that has been said by the Court is this: that we will not tolerate either governmentally established religion or governmental interference with religion.

Tax and responsibility
Family Values have been revived by the current Conservative Party under David Cameron, forming the backbone of his mantra on social responsibility and related policies, demonstrated by his Marriage Tax allowance policy which would provide tax breaks for married couples.
Tax policy in the European Union ( EU ) consists of two components: direct taxation, which remains the sole responsibility of Member States, and indirect taxation, which affects free movement of goods and the freedom to provide services.

Tax and for
If you elect to use the Standard Deduction or the Tax Table, and later find you should have itemized your deductions, you may do so by filing an amended return within the time prescribed for filing a claim for refund.
Sheeran, a lawyer and former FBI man is running against the Republican organization's candidate, Freeholder William MacDonald, for the vacancy left by the resignation of Neil Duffy, now a member of the State Board of Tax Appeals.
* Tax Day, the official deadline for filing an individual tax return ( or requesting an extension ).
He also expanded the Earned Income Tax Credit, a subsidy for low-income workers.
* Chief Tax Officer or CTO – high-level corporate officer responsible for the tax function ( compliance, accounting and planning ) within a company.
* Tax exemptions for clergy and their servants, and later for their family ;
Under Tax Court of Canada Rules of Tax Court of Canada Act, a person who is found to be in contempt may be imprisoned for a period of less than two years or fined.
Similar procedures for serving an order first is also used at the Tax Court.
In the 1997 federal election, Prime Minister Jean Chrétien's Liberals endured a bitter defeat to the PCs and NDP in many ridings as a result of unpopular cuts to unemployment benefits for seasonal workers, as well as closures of several Canadian Forces Bases, the refusal to honour a promise to rescind the Goods and Services Tax, cutbacks to provincial equalization payments, health care, post-secondary education and regional transportation infrastructure such as airports, fishing harbours, seaports, and railways.
* Americans for Tax Reform – 100 % for 2006
* Kevin G. Welner, NeoVouchers: The Emergence of Tuition Tax Credits for Private Schooling Rowman & Littlefield ( September 29, 2008 ), hardcover, 194 pages, ; trade paperback, Rowman & Littlefield ( September 29, 2008 ),
* A Failed Experiment: Georgia's Tax Credit Scholarships for Private Schools
Similarly, section 7482 of the Internal Revenue Code provides that the U. S. Supreme Court and the federal courts of appeals may impose penalties where the taxpayer's appeal of a U. S. Tax Court decision was " maintained primarily for delay " or where " the taxpayer's position in the appeal is frivolous or groundless.
We affirm the dismissal of Crain's spurious " petition " and the assessment of a penalty imposed by the Tax Court for instituting a frivolous proceeding.
The introduction in 1989 by the Thatcher-led Conservative government of the Community Charge ( widely known as the Poll Tax ), one year before the rest of the United Kingdom, contributed to a growing movement for a return to direct Scottish control over domestic affairs.
Netherlands Tax Law provides a number of tax effective opportunities for Intellectual Property and royalties related revenue.
In 2007, Lynch signed into law the Research and Development Tax credit which, for the following five years, appropriated $ 1, 000, 000 for companies to write off qualifying “ manufacturing research and development ” expenditures.
* Tax policy and the economy: a debate between Michael Harrington and Representative Jack Kemp, April 25, 1979., ( New York, N. Y.: Institute for Democratic Socialism, 1979, no ISBN )
Mazda has used Ford's Ranger pickup as the basis for its North American – market B-Series trucks, starting in 1994 and continuing through 2010, when Mazda discontinued importing its B-Series trucks to North America, due to costs associated with the Chicken Tax.
Reagan followed his 1981 tax cuts with the Tax Reform Act of 1986, which sought to eliminate deductions, lower marginal rates for the wealthy, and significantly raise taxes on those earning less than $ 50, 000 In 1982 Reagan agreed to a rollback of corporate tax cuts and a smaller rollback of individual income tax cuts.

Tax and tax
The owner of a public relations firm owed no income tax on payments he received from a client company and `` kicked back '' to the company's advertising manager, the Tax Court ruled.
* Tax holiday ( or tax abatement ) is used in the field of economic development to encourage businesses to relocate, expand, and more currently to retain facilities in a community
The notoriously corrupt Armenian State Revenue Committee ( housing both the Armenian Customs Service and the Armenian Tax Service ) helps maintain import monopolies as well as aid tax evasion.
In 1803, the inhabitants signed a petition addressed to the Jamaican governor asking him to grant them a tax exemption from the " Transient Tax on Wreck Goods ".
Tax revenues declined as republic and local governments withheld tax revenues from the central government under the growing spirit of regional autonomy.
* Tax deduction, variable tax dollars that you can subtract, or deduct, from your gross income.
* Voted YES on eliminating the Estate Tax (" death tax ").
The constitutionality of our income tax system — including the role played within that system by the Internal Revenue Service and the Tax Court — has long been established.
# Tax planning: typically the income tax is the single largest expense in a household.
Value Added Tax is a consumption tax administered in Ghana.
As a result of having made a commitment in accordance with the OECD's 2001 Progress Report on the OECD's Project on Harmful Tax Practices, Gibraltar is not included in the OECD's list of uncooperative tax havens.
Following Gibraltar's signing of 12 additional Tax Information Exchange Agreements ( TIEAs ), as of October 2009, with jurisdictions including the UK, US and Germany, to sum 13, Gibraltar is currently listed in the OECD " white list ", and is considered a jurisdiction that has substantially implemented the tax standard.
The Income Tax Law of 1928 introducing income tax was the first law drafted entirely in English.
* 1942 – The Australian Federal Government becomes the sole collector of income tax in Australia as the State Income Tax is abolished.
His legacy includes the Kemp – Roth Tax Cut of the 1980s, also known as the first of two " Reagan tax cuts.
Back in the United States, Henry George spearheaded the Single Tax Movement, which sought socialism via progressive taxation, with tax only on natural resources.
Tax revenues declined because republic and local governments withheld tax revenues from the central government under the growing spirit of regional autonomy.
With the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Reagan and Congress sought to raise taxes on lower incomes, eliminate many deductions, and reduce tax rates on the wealthy.
Tax efficient supply chain management is a business model which considers the effect of tax in design and implementation of supply chain management.

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