*-The-Arabic-–-Indic-or-Eastern-Arabic-numerals

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Arabic and –

) Critical editions of the Arabic text have been published in Cairo, 1952 – 83, originally under the supervision of I. Madkour

Abu Bakr ( Abdullah ibn Abi Quhafa ) (, c. 573 CE – 23 August 634 CE ) also known as Abū Bakr as-Șiddīq ( Arabic: أبو بكر الصديق ) was a senior companion ( Sahabi ) and the father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

Iron plate with an order 6 magic square in Persian / Arabic numbers from China, dating to the Yuan Dynasty ( 1271 – 1368 ).

Arabic numerals were introduced to China during the Yuan Dynasty ( 1271 – 1368 ) by the Muslim Hui people.

Meissner, and is derived from late Latin root ( which, in turn, comes from the Arabic al-qalwī – " ashes of plants ") and the suffix – " like ".

Abd al-Rahman I, or, his full name by patronymic record, Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu ' awiya ibn Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ( 731 – 788 ) ( Arabic: عبد الرحمن الداخل ) was the founder of the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba ( 755 ), a Muslim dynasty that ruled the greater part of Iberia for nearly three centuries ( including the succeeding Caliphate of Córdoba ).

` Ali ibn al-Husayn ul-Isfahānī (), also known as Abu-l-Faraj or, in the West, as Abulfaraj ( 897 – 967 ) was an Iranian scholar of Arab-Quraysh origin who is noted for collecting and preserving ancient Arabic lyrics and poems in his major work, the Kitāb al-Aghānī.

A former law student and muezzin, Ahmed bin Abdullah al-Nami ( Arabic: أحمد بن عبد الله النامي, ; also transliterated as Alnami ) ( December 7, 1977 – September 11, 2001 ) was one of four hijackers of United Airlines Flight 93 as part of the September 11 attacks.

The Battle of the Nile ( also known as the Battle of Aboukir Bay, in French as the Bataille d ' Aboukir or in Egyptian Arabic as معركة أبي قير البحرية ) was a major naval battle fought between British and French fleets at Aboukir Bay on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt from 1 – 3 August 1798.

bin Laden () is an Arabic language surname synonymous with Osama bin Laden ( 1957 – 2011 ), it may also pertain to the Saudi Binladin Group, a holding company for the assets of the bin Laden family, and other notable members of Osama's family.

# European alchemy – present, Pseudo-Geber builds on Arabic chemistry.

* al-Ahali – Newspaper of the Jordanian JDPP ( Arabic )

Hunayn translated ( c. 830 – 870 ) 129 works of " Jalinos " into Arabic.

Arabic sources, such as Rhazes ( Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi 865 – 925 AD ), continue to be the source of discovery of new or relatively inaccessible Galenic writings.

A minority of students – such as David Sox – are, however, suspicious of the apparent ' Turkish ' features of the Italian manuscript ; especially the Arabic annotations, which they adjudge to be so riddled with elementary errors as to be most unlikely to have been written in Istanbul ( even by an Italian scribe ).

* Nand Lal Goya ( 1633 – 1713 ), Persian and Arabic poet in the Punjab region

During the period of time known as the Dark Ages ( 5th – 15th century ), Arabic scholars and scientists progressed science and technology while Europe was in cultural decline and poverty.

The most famous Arabic mathematician is considered to be Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī ( 780 – 850 ), who produced a comprehensive guide to the numbering system developed from the Brahmi system in India, using only 10 digits ( 0-9, the so-called " Arabic numerals ").

Jacob ben Abba Mari ben Simson Anatoli ( c. 1194 – 1256 ) was a translator of Arabic texts to Hebrew.

Arabic and Indic

Alphabets: Armenian alphabet | Armenian , Cyrillic | Cyrillic , Georgian alphabet | Georgian , Greek alphabet | Greek , Latin script | Latin , Latin ( and Arabic script | Arabic ) , Latin and Cyrillic Abjads: Arabic script | Arabic , Hebrew alphabet | Hebrew Abugidas: Indic scripts | North Indic , Indic scripts | South Indic , Ge ' ez script | Ge ' ez , Tāna , Canadian Aboriginal syllabics | Canadian Syllabic and Latin Logographic + syllabic: Pure logographic , Mixed logographic and syllabaries , Featural-alphabetic syllabary + limited logographic , Featural-alphabetic syllabary

The origins of Tāna are unique among the world's alphabets: The first nine letters ( h – v ) are derived from the Arabic numerals, whereas the next nine ( m – d ) were the local Indic numerals.

) doesn ’ t follow the order of other Indic scripts or of the Arabic script.

The major civilizations, as Toynbee sees them, are: Egyptian, Andean, Sinic, Minoan, Sumerian, Mayan, Indic, Hittite, Hellenic, Western, Orthodox Christian ( Russia ), Far Eastern, Orthodox Christian ( main body ), Persian, Arabic, Hindu, Mexican, Yucatec, and Babylonic.

Although Scribus supports Unicode character encoding, it currently does not properly support complex script rendering and so cannot be used with Unicode text for languages written with Arabic, Hebrew, Indic and South East Asian writing systems.

The Arabic term " Feast of the Sacrifice ", ‘ Eid ul -’ Aḍḥā is borrowed into Indic languages such as Hindi, Urdu, Gujarati and Bengali and Austronesian languages such as Malay and Indonesian ( the last often spelling it as Idul Adha or Iduladha ).

Another Semitic word for " sacrifice " is the Arabic Qurbān (), which is used in Dari Persian and Standard Persian as Eyde Ghorbân عید قربان, and in Tajik Persian as Иди Қурбон ( Idi Qurbon ), into Kazakh as Құрбан айт ( Qurban ayt ), into Uyghur as Qurban Heyit, and also into various Indic languages such as Bengali ক ো রব া ন ি র ঈদ Korbanir Id.

Arabic and Eastern

This is not to be confused with what the Arabs call the " Hindi numerals ", namely the Eastern Arabic numerals (---------) used in the Middle East, or any of the numerals currently used in Indian languages ( e. g. Devanagari: ).

It may also be intended to mean the numerals used by Arabs, in which case it generally refers to the Eastern Arabic numerals.

Modern-day Arab telephone keypad with two forms of Arabic numerals: Western Arabic / European numerals on the left and Eastern Arabic numerals on the right

A variant of the Eastern Arabic numerals used in the Persian and Urdu languages is shown as East Arabic-Indic.

From the Medieval Arabic king lists of both African states, allegedly copied from earlier lists in ancient Near Eastern languages it appears that the state founders claimed to be deportees of the Assyrian empire who had fled from Syria and Samaria after the defeat of the Egyptian-Assyrian army at Carchemish in 605 BCE.

Many Muslims, regardless of their ethnic background, wear Middle Eastern clothing associated with Arabic Islam to special occasions and prayers at mosques.

Some of the stories of The Nights, particularly " Aladdin's Wonderful Lamp ", " Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves " and " The Seven Voyages of Sinbad the Sailor ", while almost certainly genuine Middle Eastern folk tales, were not part of The Nights in Arabic versions, but were added into the collection by Antoine Galland and other European translators.

Its usage in the term lingua franca originated from its meaning in Arabic and Greek, dating from before the Crusades and during the Middle Ages, whereby all Western Europeans were called " Franks " or Faranji in Arabic and Phrankoi in Greek during the times of the late Eastern Roman Empire.

Old Arabic Love Poem on Persian Carpet: When Laura comes to see Alec at his friend's flat, there is a Middle Eastern rug hung on the wall.

The music of Orphaned Land " borrow heavily from Middle Eastern music styles " with traditional elements coming from both Jewish and Arabic folk music.

" — Blue Comma "," — Green Eastern Arabic numerals — Red Data unavailable — Grey

In the Arab world, where Eastern Arabic numerals are used for writing numbers, a different character is used to separate the integer and fractional parts of numbers.

The work contains problems from Greek philosophy, Arabic astronomy and Eastern astrology, and was first translated into Latin by John of Seville in 1133.

SOAS trains government officials on secondment from around the world in ; Asian, African and Middle Eastern languages, especially in Arabic and Mandarin Chinese.

The death of Ibn Rushd ( Averroës ) effectively marks the end of a particular discipline of Islamic philosophy usually called the Peripatetic Arabic School, and philosophical activity declined significantly in western Islamic countries, namely in Islamic Spain and North Africa, though it persisted for much longer in the Eastern countries, in particular Iran and India.

The death of Averroes effectively marks the end of a particular discipline of Islamic philosophy usually called the Peripatetic Arabic School, and philosophical activity declined significantly in Western Islamic countries, namely in Islamic Spain and North Africa, though it persisted for much longer in the Eastern countries, in particular Persia and India where several schools of philosophy continued to flourish: Avicennism, Illuminationist philosophy, Mystical philosophy, and Transcendent theosophy.

This trend was developed by Dick Dale, who added Middle Eastern and Mexican influences, the distinctive reverb ( giving the guitar a " wet " sound ), and the rapid alternate picking characteristic of the genre ( influenced by Arabic music, which Dale learnt from his Lebanese uncle ).

The Mandaeans were originally native speakers of Mandaic, a Semitic language that evolved from Eastern Middle Aramaic, before switching to colloquial Iraqi Arabic and Modern Persian.

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