Apart from Legends of the Jews, perhaps his best known scholarly work was his Geonica ( 1909 ), an account of the Babylonian Geonim containing lengthy extracts from their responsa, as discovered in the form of fragments in the Cairo Genizah.

Among the findings were the Enuma Elish, also known as the Epic of Creation, which depicts a traditional Babylonian view of creation, the Epic of Gilgamesh, a large selection of " omen texts " including Enuma Anu Enlil which " contained omens dealing with the moon, its visibility, eclipses, and conjunction with planets and fixed stars, the sun, its corona, spots, and eclipses, the weather, namely lightning, thunder, and clouds, and the planets and their visibility, appearance, and stations ", and astronomic / astrological texts, as well as standard lists used by scribes and scholars such as word lists, bilingual vocabularies, lists of signs and synonyms, and lists of medical diagnoses.

Both Judaism ( based on the Creation narrative in the Bible ) and ancient Babylonian religions used a seven-day week.

Tablet II of the Babylonian Creation Epic, Iraq, vol.

* Enuma Elish-The Babylonian Creation Story

Among the findings was the Enuma Elish, also known as the Epic of Creation, which depicts a traditional Babylonian view of creation where the god Marduk slays Tiamat, the personification of salt water, and creates the world from her body.

This portion of the Babylonian Talmud, which includes the famous " four entered pardes " material, runs from 12b-iv ( wherein the Gemara's treatment of the " Work of Creation " flows into and becomes its treatment of " The Work of the Chariot ") to and into 16a-i.

The German historian Hanspeter Schaudig has identified a line on the Cylinder (" He Marduk saved his city Babylon from its oppression ") with a line from tablet VI of the Babylonian " Epic of Creation ", Enûma Eliš, in which Marduk builds Babylon.

However, the similarity between the central concerns of Job and those of certain ancient Babylonian and Egyptian texts reveals a shared interest in the question of why the innocent suffer.

The writer of the pesher draws a comparison between the Babylonian invasion of the original text and the Roman threat of the writer's own period.

A collection of immense importance, the holdings of Assyrian, Babylonian and Sumerian antiquities are among the most comprehensive in the world with entire suites of rooms panelled in alabaster bas-reliefs from highly important sites between the rivers Euphrates and Tigris and include the biblical cities of Nimrud, Nineveh and Khorsabad.

According to the Babylonian Talmud, the difference between a concubine and a full wife was that the latter received a marriage contract ( Hebrew: ketubah ) and her marriage ( nissu ' in ) was preceded by a formal betrothal ( erusin ), neither being the case for a concubine.

In order to consolidate its position, Elam tried to start a war between Hammurabi's Babylonian kingdom and the kingdom of Larsa.

However, lack of archaeological evidence for Nazareth from Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian, Hellenistic or Early Roman times, at least in the major excavations between 1955 and 1990, shows that the settlement apparently came to an abrupt end about 720 BC, when many towns in the area were destroyed by the Assyrians.

As such, between 1309 and 1378, the popes lived in Avignon, France ( see Avignon Papacy ), a period often called the Babylonian Captivity in allusion to the Biblical exile of Israel.

On the other hand, because of the centuries of redaction between the composition of the Jerusalem and the Babylonian Talmud, the opinions of early amoraim might be closer to their original form in the Jerusalem Talmud.

Special motifs on cards added to regular packs show philosophical, social, poetical, astronomical, and heraldic ideas, Roman / Greek / Babylonian heroes, as in the case of the Sola-Busca-Tarocchi ( 1491 ) and the Boiardo Tarocchi poem, written at an unknown date between 1461 and 1494.

However, Babylonian techniques of observational measurements were in a rudimentary stage of evolution and it was probably beyond their capacity to define in a precise way the boundary lines between the zodiacal signs in the sky.

Darius left a tri-lingual monumental relief on Mount Behistun which was written in Elamite, Old Persian and Babylonian between his coronation and his death.

Scholars are not in agreement about whether the calendars used by the Jews before the Babylonian captivity were solar ( based on the return of the same relative position between the sun and the earth ) or lunisolar ( based on months that corresponded to the cycle of the moon, with periodic additional months to bring the calendar back into agreement with the solar cycle ) like the present-day Hebrew calendar.

It may therefore be assumed that the relationship between the Israelite measurements and SI units is the same as the relationship between the Babylonian system and SI Units.

The smaller of the Egyptian ells measured 450 mm, but the standard Babylonian ell, cast in stone on one of the statues of King Gudea, was 495 mm, and the larger Egyptian ell was between 525 and 528 mm.

As part of the kingdom of Judah, whatever remained of Simeon was ultimately subjected to the Babylonian captivity ; when the captivity ended, all remaining distinctions between Simeon and the other tribes in the kingdom of Judah had been lost in favour of a common identity as Jews.

As part of the kingdom of Judah, the tribe of Judah survived the destruction of Israel by the Assyrians, and instead was subjected to the Babylonian captivity ; when the captivity ended, the distinction between the tribes were lost in favour of a common identity.

and his predecessor from their agents in Palestine, leads some Egyptologists to conclude that in the century before the Exodus an active literary intercourse was carried on between these nations, and that the medium of the correspondence was the Babylonian language and script.

Conflicts between the Pharisees and the Sadducees took place in the context of much broader and longstanding social and religious conflicts among Jews dating back to the Babylonian captivity and exacerbated by the Roman conquest.

Joseph Campbell, a more recent scholar of comparative mythology, equates Ishtar, Inanna, and Aphrodite, and he draws a parallel between the Egyptian goddess Isis who nurses Horus, and the Babylonian goddess Ishtar who nurses the god Tammuz.

Other examples might include the wars of the Æsir with the Vanir and Jotuns in Scandinavian mythology, the Babylonian epic Enuma Elish, the Hittite " Kingship in Heaven " Kumarbi narrative, the struggle between the Tuatha Dé Danann and the Fomorians in Celtic mythology, and the obscure generational conflict in Ugaritic fragments.

One of the earliest exemplars was the Dialogue between a Man and His God from the late Old Babylonian period.

Little information is available about the conflict between Antigonus and Seleucus ; only a very rudimentary Babylonian chronicle detailing the events of the war remains.

The Babylonian War began between Antigonus and Seleucus, where Seleucus defeated both Demetrius and Antigonus, and secured Babylonia.

Dr. H. V. Hilprecht, Professor of Assyrian at the University of Pennsylvania, dreamed that a Babylonian priest, associated with the king Kurigalzu, ( 1300 B.C. ) escorted him to the treasure chamber of the temple of Bel, gave him six novel points of information about a certain broken relic, and corrected an error in its identification.

* c. 2492 BC The Armenian patriarch Hayk defeats the Babylonian king Bel ( legendary account ).

* Bel ( mythology ), a title ( meaning " lord " or " master ") for various gods in Babylonian religion

E-Saggila, the great temple of Bel, however, still continued to be kept in repair and to be a center of Babylonian religious feelings.

** Belus ( Babylonian ), the Greek Zeus Belos and Latin Jupiter Belus as translations of the Babylonian god Bel Marduk

Bel (; from Akkadian bēlu ), signifying " lord " or " master ", is a title rather than a genuine name, applied to various gods in Babylonian religion.

Bel became especially used of the Babylonian god Marduk and when found in Assyrian and neo-Babylonian personal names or mentioned in inscriptions in a Mesopotamian context it can usually be taken as referring to Marduk and no other god.

A Babylonian deity associated with cosmogeny, represented as stripping the father of the gods of umsimi, usually translated " crown " but, as it was on the seat of Bel it was actually the " ideal creative organ.

Berossus () or Berosus (; Akkadian: Bēl-rē ' ušu, " Bel is his shepherd "; ) was a Hellenistic-era Babylonian writer, a priest of Bel Marduk and astronomer writing in Greek, who was active at the beginning of the 3rd century BC.

Book 1 fragments are preserved in Eusebius and Syncellus above, and describe the Babylonian creation account and establishment of order, including the defeat of Thalatth ( Tiamat ) by Bel ( Marduk ).

Belus or Belos ( Βῆλος ) in classical Greek or classical Latin texts ( and later material based on them ) in a Babylonian context refers to the Babylonian god Bel Marduk.

Belus or Belos in classical Greek or classical Latin texts ( and later material based on them ) in an Assyrian context refers to one or another purportedly ancient and historically mythical Assyrian king, such king in part at least a euhemerization of the Babylonian god Bel Marduk.

Sometime around 280 BC, Berossus, a priest of Bel from Babylon, moved to the Greek island of Kos in order to teach astrology and Babylonian culture to the Greeks.