The term itself was coined by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, authors of The Bell Curve.

In response to the controversy surrounding The Bell Curve, the American Psychological Association's Board of Scientific Affairs established a task force in 1995 to write a report on the state of intelligence research which could be used by all sides as a basis for discussion, " Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns ".

Another debate followed the appearance of The Bell Curve ( 1994 ), a book by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, who argued in favor of the hereditarian viewpoint.

They include The Bell Curve Debate ( 1995 ), Inequality by Design: Cracking the Bell Curve Myth ( 1996 ) and a second edition of The Mismeasure of Man ( 1996 ) by Steven J. Gould.

The Bell Curve also led to a 1995 report from the American Psychological Association, " Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns ", acknowledging a gap between average IQ scores of whites and blacks as well as the absence of any adequate explanation of it, either environmental or genetic.

The Bell Curve is a 1994 book by psychologist Richard J. Herrnstein ( deceased before the book was released ) and political scientist Charles Murray.

The Bell Curve, published in 1994, was written by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray as a work designed to explain, using empirical statistical analysis, the variations in intelligence in American society, raise some warnings regarding the consequences of this intelligence gap, and propose national social policy with the goal of mitigating the worst of the consequences attributed to this intelligence gap.

The Bell Curve argues that:

The revised and expanded, second edition of the Mismeasure of Man ( 1996 ) analyzes and challenges the methodological accuracy of The Bell Curve ( 1994 ), by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, which re-presented the arguments of what Gould terms biological determinism, which he defines as " the abstraction of intelligence as a single entity, its location within the brain, its quantification as one number for each individual, and the use of these numbers to rank people in a single series of worthiness, invariably to find that oppressed and disadvantaged groups — races, classes, or sexes — are innately inferior and deserve their status.

Charles Murray, co-author of The Bell Curve ( 1994 ), said that his views about the distribution of human intelligence, among the races and the ethnic groups who compose the U. S. population, were misrepresented in The Mismeasure of Man.

" Curveball: Review of The Bell Curve.

* Charles Murray ( author ) ( born 1943 ), American policy writer, co-wrote The Bell Curve and Losing Ground

* January 8-Charles Murray, Bell Curve author

* The Feeding Trough: The Bradley Foundation, " The Bell Curve " and the Real Story Behind W-2, Wisconsin's National Model for Welfare Reform., Phil Wilayto, 1997

Many science-related controversies are discussed in popular science books and publications, such as the long-running debates over biological determinism and the biological components of intelligence, stirred by popular books such as The Mismeasure of Man and The Bell Curve.

Bell was used in the 1999 mystery novel Hanging Curve by Troy Soos, which takes place in Missouri, Indiana, and Illinois in 1922 with major Ku Klux Klan activity.

Herrnstein's research focused first on natural concepts and human intelligence in the 1970s, and peaked in prolificacy with the publication of his and Charles Murray's controversial best-selling book, The Bell Curve.

* The Bell Curve, Richard J. Herrnstein, Charles Murray, 1994 ISBN 0-02-914673-9

* Richard Herrnstein – developed the matching law, a mathematical model for decision making, co-authored the controversial The Bell Curve.

Human Accomplishment: The Pursuit of Excellence in the Arts and Sciences, 800 BC to 1950 is a book published in 2003 by Charles Murray, most widely known as the co-author of The Bell Curve, surveying outstanding contributions to the arts and sciences from ancient times to the mid-twentieth century.

The term " scientific racism " is pejorative as applied to contemporary theories, such as in The Bell Curve ( 1994 ), which investigated racial differences in IQ, concluding that genetics explained at least part of the IQ differences between races.

The two price wars resulting from Compaq's actions ultimately drove numerous competitors from the market, such as Packard Bell, and by 1994 Compaq had overtaken Apple Computer and even surpassed I. B. M.

* Eriksen, Ronnie, St Helena Lifeline, Mallet & Bell Publications, Norfolk, 1994, ISBN 0-620-15055-6

Including Saved by the Bell: Hawaiian Style ( 1992 ), A Killer Among Friends ( 1992 ), Son in Law ( 1993 ), and Saved by the Bell: Wedding in Las Vegas ( 1994 ).

After her tenure on Saved by the Bell ended in 1994, producer Aaron Spelling then cast Thiessen in the hit teen-drama Beverly Hills, 90210 playing the bad girl vixen Valerie Malone ( 1994 – 98 ).

The troff collection of tools ( including pre-and post-processors ) was eventually called Documenter's WorkBench ( DWB ), and was under continuous development in Bell Labs and later at the spin-off Unix System Laboratories ( USL ) through 1994.

The classic Taco Bell logo used from 1985 to 1994.

The show's popularity allowed for two spin-off series: Saved by the Bell: The College Years ( 1993 – 1994 ), a prime time series which followed several of the original characters ' college experiences, and Saved by the Bell: The New Class ( 1993 – 2000 ), a Saturday-morning series which followed a new group of students at Bayside High School.

Easton was once served only by the 215 area code from 1947 ( when the North American Numbering Plan of the Bell System went into effect ) until 1994.

* The Bell Witch ( 1994 )

In August 1994, Downey, Bell, Robertson and Wharton held a tribute concert in Wolverhampton, together with tribute bands Limehouse Lizzy, Ain't Lizzy and Bad Habitz.

The trio formed in 1992, but changed direction and released their first hip-hop LP, Blunted on Reality, in 1994 under the guidance of Kool and the Gang's producer Ronald Bell.

* " Marooned " ( instrumental ), a 1994 instrumental track by Pink Floyd on their album The Division Bell

She portrayed Carrie Buck in the television drama Against Her Will: The Carrie Buck Story ( 1994 ) based on the United States Supreme Court case Buck v. Bell 274 U. S. 200 ( 1927 ).

Worried about his son ’ s aimlessness, Drudge's father insisted on buying him a Packard Bell computer in 1994.

* Pink Floyd mesmerized the audience during their A Momentary Lapse of Reason Tour on May 24, 1988, and again during Division Bell Tour on June 22, 1994, when an amazing sound & light show included a lotus-shaped spinning laser machine that sprouted out of the center of the dome during the set, and large props like a flying pig balloon.

He was also noted in the 1994 movie Cobb, in which Ty Cobb, played by Tommy Lee Jones, is chided for being a lesser player than Bell.

His book, In Fifty Years We'll All Be Chicks, debuted on The New York Times Best Seller list in 2010, and his second book Not Taco Bell Material also reached New York Times bestseller status and received widespread acclaim for its cutting social commentary and humor.

Bob Quincy stakes Carolina's claim in his 1973 book They Made the Bell Tower Chime:

Ernest Hemingway in For Whom the Bell Tolls made deliberate use of false friends as one of the devices intended to convey to the reader that English conversations in the book in fact represent Spanish.

The example program from that book prints "" ( without capital letters or exclamation mark ), and was inherited from a 1974 Bell Laboratories internal memorandum by Brian Kernighan, Programming in C: A Tutorial, which contains the first known version:

Although it is reported that his uncle Dominic was a one-time IRA chief of staff, J. Bowyer Bell states in his book, The Secret Army: The IRA 1916 ( Irish Academy Press ), that Dominic Adams was a senior figure in the IRA of the mid-1940s.

Clive Bell polemicized post-impressionism in his widely read book Art ( 1914 ), basing his aesthetics partly on Roger Fry ’ s art criticism and G. E. Moore ’ s moral philosophy ; and as the war came he argued provocatively that " in these days of storm and darkness, it seemed right that at the shrine of civilization-in Bloomsbury, I mean-the lamp should be tended assiduously ".

Roger Fry wrote and lectured widely on art ; while Clive Bell applied Bloomsbury values to his book Civilization ( 1928 ), which Leonard Woolf saw as limited and elitist, describing Clive as a " wonderful organiser of intellectual greyhound racing tracks ".

* In the book The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath, the character Esther Greenwood meets a girl named Valerie in the asylum who has had a lobotomy.

He received 913, 664 write-in votes ( 3. 4 %), slightly less than he had won in 1912, when he received 6 %, the highest number of votes for a Socialist Party presidential candidate in the U. S. His time in prison also inspired Debs to write a series of columns deeply critical of the prison system, which appeared in sanitized form in the Bell Syndicate and appeared in his only book, Walls and Bars, with several added chapters.

Based on testimonials of German civilians and military, as well as many interviews with British and American politicians and diplomats who participated at the Potsdam Conference, including Robert Murphy, the political adviser of General Eisenhower, Sir Geoffrey Harrison ( drafter of article XIII of the Potsdam Protocol concerning population transfers ), and Sir Denis Allen ( drafter of article IX on the provisional post-war borders ), the book also describes the crimes committed by the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Yugoslavia, at the end of World War II, and cites the condemnation of the expulsions by Bertrand Russell, Victor Gollancz, Bishop Bell of Chichester and other contemporary intellectuals.

Bell started building his forest garden in 1991 and wrote the book The Permaculture Garden in 1995, Whitefield wrote the book How to Make a Forest Garden in 2002, Jacke and Toensmeier co-authored the two volume book set Edible Forest Gardening in 2005, and Lawton presented the film Establishing a Food Forest in 2008.

In 1995, her film adaptation of the book The Perez Family, by Christine Bell, was released.

* The Lost Souls of Bell Valley ( book )

Professor Constance M. Greiff, in her book tracing the history of Independence National Historical Park, wrote of the Liberty Bell:

Bell started building his forest garden in 1991 and wrote the book The Permaculture Garden in 1995, Whitefield wrote the book How to Make a Forest Garden in 2002, Jacke and Toensmeier co-authored the two volume book set Edible Forest Gardening in 2005, and Lawton presented the film Establishing a Food Forest in 2008.

Bell ringing practice in Stoke Gabriel parish church, south Devon-similar to what Wimsey takes part in during the book