This story seems to originate in the Panchatantra, a work originally composed in Sanskrit, and was already 1500 years old by the time Boccaccio retold it.

Pampinea's clever tale originates in either the Panchatantra, a Sanskrit story from the 4th century AD, or The Histories of Herodotus.

* 1270 – The Sanskrit fables known as the Panchatantra, dating from as early as 200 BCE, are translated into Latin from a Hebrew version by John of Capua.

* The Sanskrit fables known as the Panchatantra, dating from as early as 200 BCE, are translated into Latin from a Hebrew version by John of Capua.

The concept of the frame story dates back to ancient Sanskrit literature, and was introduced into Persian and Arabic literature through the Panchatantra.

An early example of the " story within a story " technique can be found in the One Thousand and One Nights, which can be traced back to earlier Persian and Indian storytelling traditions, most notably the Panchatantra of ancient Sanskrit literature.

The specialized sense of ' loveliness, beauty ,' especially of voice or song, emerges in Classical Sanskrit, used by Kalidasa and in the Panchatantra.

In 1848 he became an assistant professor, and published his edition of the Sama-veda ; in 1852 – 1854 his Manual of Sanskrit, comprising a grammar and chrestomathy ; in 1858 his practical Sanskrit grammar, afterwards translated into English ; and in 1859 his edition of the Panchatantra, with an extensive dissertation on the fables and mythologies of primitive nations.

For example, The Monkey and the Crocodile, The Turtle Who Couldn't Stop Talking and The Crab and the Crane that are listed below also famously feature in the Hindu Panchatantra, the Sanskrit niti-shastra that ubiquitously influenced world literature.

The earliest known frame stories can be traced back to ancient India sometime in the first millennium BCE, when the Sanskrit epics Mahabharata and Ramayana, Vishnu Sarma's Panchatantra, Syntipas ' The Seven Wise Masters, and the fable collections Hitopadesha and Vikram and The Vampire were written.

Hitopadesham, a collection of Sanskrit fables in prose and verse written in the 12 century C. E., is an independent treatment of the Panchatantra.

Originally compiled in Sanskrit, the Panchatantra was rendered, by order of Persian Sassanid king Anushiravan ( Khosrau I ), in the sixth century, A. D., into Persian.

He translated the Indian Panchatantra from Sanskrit into the Middle Persian language of Pahlavi.

In Sanskrit literature the story cycle is known as Panchatantra, while it was often called Fables of Bidpai in early modern Europe.

Chinnayasuri translated Mitra Labham and Mitra Bhedam from the Sanskrit Panchatantra as Neeti Chandrika.

200 BCE ), author of the anthropomorphic political treatise and fable collection, the Panchatantra.

Other noteworthy collections of Indian traditional stories include the Panchatantra, a collection of traditional narratives made by Vishnu Sarma in the second century BC.

Some of the fables of the collection are indebted to Christian legend, and to the Indian Panchatantra.

In the Indian subcontinent, the Panchatantra, a collection of fables 200 BC, has remained a favorite for 2000 years.

These included Vishnu Sarma's Panchatantra, the Hitopadesha, Vikram and The Vampire, and Syntipas ' Seven Wise Masters, which were collections of fables that were later influential throughout the Old World.

Ben E. Perry ( compiler of the " Perry Index " of Aesop's fables ) has argued controversially that some of the Buddhist Jataka tales and some of the fables in the Panchatantra may have been influenced by similar Greek and Near Eastern ones.

Aesop's fables and the Indian tradition as represented by the Buddhist Jataka Tales and the Hindu Panchatantra share about a dozen tales in common although often widely differing in detail.

From the east, and in a very different literary genre, the Persian scholar Abdullah Ibn al-Muqaffa translated the animal fables of the Panchatantra.

The book has many fables in common with the Panchatantra ( 3rd century BC ).

Author Ramsay Wood argues that the fables in The Panchatantra are the oldest known example of remix culture.

and fairy tales appear, now and again, in written literature throughout literate cultures, as in The Golden Ass, which includes Cupid and Psyche ( Roman, 100 – 200 AD ), or the Panchatantra ( India 3rd century BCE ), but it is unknown to what extent these reflect the actual folk tales even of their own time.

In Vishnu Sarma's Panchatantra, an inter-woven series of colorful animal tales are told with one narrative opening within another, sometimes three or four layers deep, and then unexpectedly snapping shut in irregular rhythms to sustain attention.

A folio from the Hastividyarnava manuscriptThe elephant plays an important part in the culture of the subcontinent and beyond, featuring prominently in Jataka tales and the Panchatantra.

Jataka tales from India as far back as the 3rd century BC have travelled westwards via the Panchatantra and have long been recognised as having a teaching function.

Amongst them, were Shanti Bardhan were who create Ramayana ballets presentations using human beings performing like puppets, and also introduced the Panchatantra tales into dances, by creating movements of the birds and the animals.

A page from Kelileh o Demneh dated 1429, from Herat, a Persian language | Persian translation of the ancient Indian Panchatantra ( These tales depict characters based on local wild animals from the jungles of India, including the Asiatic / Indian-Persian lion ) derived from the Arabic version — Kalila wa Dimna — depicts the manipulative jackal-vizier, Dimna, trying to lead his ' lion-king ' into war.

The influence of the Panchatantra and Baital Pachisi is particularly notable.

The Nights, however, improved on the Panchatantra in several ways, particularly in the way a story is introduced.

In Indian legend the garuda on which Vishnu rides is the king of birds ( Benfey, Panchatantra, 98 ).

However, the most serious loss is that of his translation of Abdullah Ibn al-Muqaffa's Arabic version of the old Indian fable book Kalila and Dimna ( Panchatantra ), which he put into Persian verse at the request of his royal patron.

It is taken from the Panchatantra.

It is an independent treatment of the Panchatantra.

It is believed that the author Narayana loved the Panchatantra so much that he rewrote it, improving the flow and adding stories of his own.

The Hitopadesha — although similar in content and structure to the Panchatantra — is more copious.

The version of the story found in the Indian Panchatantra concerns a lion who is persuaded that the cure for his sickness is the ears and heart of an ass.

* Panchatantra ( ca.

A page from Kelileh va Demneh dated 1429, from Herat, a Persian translation of the Panchatantra – depicts the manipulative jackal-vizier, Dimna, trying to lead his lion-king into war.

In the Panchatantra, stories are introduced as didactic analogies, with the frame story referring to these stories with variants of the phrase " If you're not careful, that which happened to the louse and the flea will happen to you.

The oldest forms, from Panchatantra to the Pentamerone, show considerable reworking from the oral form.

This concept can be found in ancient Indian literature, such as the epics Mahabharata and Ramayana, Vishnu Sarma's Panchatantra, Syntipas ' Seven Wise Masters, the Hitopadesha, and Vikram and the Vampire.

The earliest examples are in Ugrasrava's epic Mahabharata and Vishnu Sarma's Panchatantra.

Some of the stories narrated in the Panchatantra often had stories within them.

This scene bears resemblance to the story of The Fox and the Crow in the Panchatantra.