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* The Sanskrit fables known as the Panchatantra, dating from as early as 200 BCE, are translated into Latin from a Hebrew version by John of Capua.
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Sanskrit and fables
200 BCE ), author of Sanskrit ( Hindu ) and Pali ( Buddhist ) animal fables in verse and prose, sometimes derived from Jataka tales.
* 1270 – The Sanskrit fables known as the Panchatantra, dating from as early as 200 BCE, are translated into Latin from a Hebrew version by John of Capua.
* The Panchatantra, a Sanskrit collection of fables and fairy tales, is written in India.
The collection makes use of devices found in Sanskrit literature such as frame stories and animal fables.
Indian folklore is represented in the Nights by certain animal stories, which reflect influence from ancient Sanskrit fables.
In 1848 he became an assistant professor, and published his edition of the Sama-veda ; in 1852 – 1854 his Manual of Sanskrit, comprising a grammar and chrestomathy ; in 1858 his practical Sanskrit grammar, afterwards translated into English ; and in 1859 his edition of the Panchatantra, with an extensive dissertation on the fables and mythologies of primitive nations.
The Hitopadesha of Narayana is a collection of anthropomorphic fabliaux, animal fables, in Sanskrit, compiled in the ninth century.
Hitopadesham, a collection of Sanskrit fables in prose and verse written in the 12 century C. E., is an independent treatment of the Panchatantra.
Hitopadesha ( Sanskrit: ह ि त ो पद े श ः Hitopadeśa ) is a collection of Sanskrit fables in prose and verse written in the 12 century A. D.
Sanskrit and known
Amara Simhan ( c. AD 375 ) was a Sanskrit grammarian and poet, of whose personal history hardly anything is known.
Borax was known from the deserts of western Tibet, where it received the name of tincal, derived from the Sanskrit.
Pre-Angkorian Khmer, the language after its divergence from Proto-Mon – Khmer until the ninth century, is only known from words and phrases in Sanskrit texts of the era.
In Hinduism, Vayu ( Sanskrit व ा य ु ), also known as Vāta व ा त, Pavana पवन ( meaning the Purifier ), or Prāna, is a primary deity, who is the father of Bhima and the spiritual father of Lord Hanuman.
Some regard it as an ultimate truth, or as the fount of all things which lies beyond the " three realms " ( Sanskrit: tridhatu ) and the " wheel of becoming " ( Sanskrit: bhavacakra ), somewhat like the pagan Greek and Christian logos: this is known as Dharmakaya ( Sanskrit ).
In Sanskrit or Indian culture eras are known as Yugas.
Sanskrit priyā " beloved ") and was known among many northern European cultures with slight name variations over time: e. g. Friggja in Sweden, Frīg ( genitive Frīge ) in Old English, and Fricka in Richard Wagner's operatic cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen.
Kedah — known as Kedaram, Cheh-Cha ( according to I-Ching ) or Kataha, in ancient Pallava or Sanskrit — was in the direct route of the invasions and was ruled by the Cholas from 1025.
The Indian Ocean is known as Ratnakara in the ancient Sanskrit literature.
The documented history of Indian religions begins with the historical Vedic religion, the religious practices of the early Indo-Aryans, which were collected and later redacted into the Samhitas ( usually known as the Vedas ), four canonical collections of hymns or mantras composed in archaic Sanskrit.
The hypothesis reappeared in 1786 when Sir William Jones first lectured on the striking similarities between three of the oldest languages known in his time: Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit, to which he tentatively added Gothic, Celtic, and Persian, though his classification contained some inaccuracies and omissions.
In 1954 Nehru signed with China the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, known in India as the Panchsheel ( from the Sanskrit words, panch: five, sheel: virtues ), a set of principles to govern relations between the two states.
In Sanskrit, He is known as Suryaprabha.
He is usually depicted with Yue Gong Yue Guang Pu Sa ( The Bright Lunar Bodhisattva of the Lunar Palace ) / Yue Gong Yue Guang Tian Zi ( The Bright Lunar Prince of the Lunar Palace ) / Yue Gong Yue Guang Zun Tian Pu Sa ( The Greatly Revered Bright Lunar Prince of the Lunar Palace / one of the 20 or 24 guardian devas known as Candraprabha in Sanskrit.
The pre-Classical form of Sanskrit is known as Vedic Sanskrit, with the language of the Rigveda being the oldest and most archaic stage preserved, its oldest core dating back to as early as 1500 BCE.
Sumatra was known in ancient times by the Sanskrit names of Swarnadwīpa (" Island of Gold ") and Swarnabhūmi (" Land of Gold "), because of the gold deposits of the island's highland.
Of all his discoveries, Jones is known today for making and propagating the observation that Sanskrit bore a certain resemblance to classical Greek and Latin.
Mendeleev gave it the provisional name ekamanganese ( from eka -, the Sanskrit word for one, because the predicted element was one place down from the known element manganese.
Yoga ( Sanskrit, Pāli:, / ˈjəʊɡə /, ) is a commonly known generic term for physical, mental, and spiritual disciplines which originated in ancient India.
* 700 BC – 600 BC: Baudhayana Sulbasutra, an orally transmitted Vedic Sanskrit text on altar construction, contains the earliest extant verbal statement of the Pythagorean theorem, which was likely known to ( but not stated by ) Old Babylonians ( 1800 BC to 1600 BC ).
Sanskrit and Panchatantra
This story seems to originate in the Panchatantra, a work originally composed in Sanskrit, and was already 1500 years old by the time Boccaccio retold it.
Pampinea's clever tale originates in either the Panchatantra, a Sanskrit story from the 4th century AD, or The Histories of Herodotus.
The concept of the frame story dates back to ancient Sanskrit literature, and was introduced into Persian and Arabic literature through the Panchatantra.
An early example of the " story within a story " technique can be found in the One Thousand and One Nights, which can be traced back to earlier Persian and Indian storytelling traditions, most notably the Panchatantra of ancient Sanskrit literature.
The specialized sense of ' loveliness, beauty ,' especially of voice or song, emerges in Classical Sanskrit, used by Kalidasa and in the Panchatantra.
For example, The Monkey and the Crocodile, The Turtle Who Couldn't Stop Talking and The Crab and the Crane that are listed below also famously feature in the Hindu Panchatantra, the Sanskrit niti-shastra that ubiquitously influenced world literature.
The earliest known frame stories can be traced back to ancient India sometime in the first millennium BCE, when the Sanskrit epics Mahabharata and Ramayana, Vishnu Sarma's Panchatantra, Syntipas ' The Seven Wise Masters, and the fable collections Hitopadesha and Vikram and The Vampire were written.
Originally compiled in Sanskrit, the Panchatantra was rendered, by order of Persian Sassanid king Anushiravan ( Khosrau I ), in the sixth century, A. D., into Persian.
He translated the Indian Panchatantra from Sanskrit into the Middle Persian language of Pahlavi.
In Sanskrit literature the story cycle is known as Panchatantra, while it was often called Fables of Bidpai in early modern Europe.
Chinnayasuri translated Mitra Labham and Mitra Bhedam from the Sanskrit Panchatantra as Neeti Chandrika.
Sanskrit and dating
The first reference to the disapparance of the lower course of the Sarasvati is from the Brahmanas, texts that are composed in Vedic Sanskrit, but dating to a later date than the Veda Samhitas.
The story's original version in Sanskrit is known as Valmiki Ramayana, dating to approximately the 5th to 4th century B. C.
Sanskrit declines in the early 2nd millennium, late works such as the Kathasaritsagara dating to the 11th century, to the benefit of literature composed in Middle Indic vernaculars such as Old Bengali, Old Hindi.
Tibetan Pure Land Buddhism has a long and innovative history dating from the 8th-9th centuries CE, the times of the Tibetan Empire, with the translation and canonization of the Sanskrit Sukhāvatīvyūha sūtras in Tibetan.
Texts dating to the Vedic period, composed in Vedic Sanskrit, are mainly the four Vedic Samhitas, but the Brahmanas, Aranyakas and some of the older Upanishads ( Bṛhadāraṇyaka, Chāndogya, Jaiminiya Upanishad Brahmana ) are also placed in this period.
The Rasa method of performance, dating back to ancient Sanskrit drama, is one of the fundamental features that differentiate Indian cinema from that of the Western world.
The pillar bears an inscription in Sanskrit in Brahmi script dating 4th century AD, which indicates that the pillar was set up as a Vishnudhvaja, standard of god, on the hill known as Vishnupada in memory of a mighty king named Chandra, believed to Chandragupta II.
The Caturasiti-siddha-pravrtti ( CSP ), “ The Lives of the Eighty-four Siddhas ”, compiled by Abhayadatta Sri, a Northern Indian Sanskrit text dating from the 11th or 12th century, comes from a tradition prevalent in the ancient city-state of Campa in the modern district of Bihar.
Sanskrit literature begins with the Rig Veda a collection of sacred hymns dating to the period 1500 – 1200 BCE.
It is the site of an ancient forest which is the region where according to the Mahabharata, a grand Epic of Sanskrit literature dating back to the 3000BC, the deity Krishna spent his childhood days.
Ateji is primarily used today for historical terms – in historical order, these are primarily Sanskrit terms dating from the introduction of Buddhism to Japan, Portuguese terms from the 16th and 17th centuries, and Dutch terms from the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries – see Japanese words of Portuguese origin and Japanese words of Dutch origin.
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