He learned Persian drumming at the early age of nine and broadened his drumming knowledge by working on Azeri dayereh ( ghaval ), Kurdish daf and Indian tabla.

There are many kinds of bubens, including def, daf, or qaval ( Azerbaijan ), daf or khaval ( Armenia ), daira ( Georgia ), doira ( Uzbekistan and Tajikistan ), daire or def ( Iran ), bendeir ( Arab countries ), pandero ( Spain ).

The art of daf playing in Iranian Kurdistan and other parts of Iran has reached us by the effort of Iranian Sufis ; especially in the 20th century by the late Sayyed Baha-al-Din Shams Ghorayshi ( 1872 – 1947 ), Ostad Haj Khalifeh Karim Safvati ( 1919 -…), Ostad Haj Khalifeh Mirza Agha Ghosi ( 1928 -…), Mohi-al-Din Bolbolani ( 1929 -…), Sayyed Mohammad Shams Ghorayshi ( 1930 -…) and Masha-Allah Bakhtiyari ( 1940 -…), Mahdi Sangi Kermanshahi ( 1991 -...).

Other instruments include the garmon ( small accordion ), tutek ( whistle flute ), daf ( frame drum ) and nagara ( drum ) ( barrel drum ).

Instruments used in Persian classical music include the bowed spike-fiddle kamancheh, the goblet drum tombak, the end-blown flute ney, the frame drum daf, the long-necked lutes tar, setar, tanbur, dotar, and the dulcimer santur.

* The daf is a percussion instrument made of animal skin and a wooden frame like the head of a drum, with jingles on the rim, similar to the tambourine.

Other instruments include the ney, a kind of flute, and the Ghaychak, a spiked fiddle ; the circular frame drum daf is also common, as is the accordion, brought by Russians.

A daf is a large-sized tambourine used to accompany both popular and classical music in Iran, Azerbaijan, Turkey ( where it is called tef ), Uzbekistan ( where it's called childirma ), India ( where it is known as the Dafli ) and Turkmenistan.

The referencing by daf is relatively recent and dates from the early Talmud printings of the 17th century.

Nowadays, reference is made in format daf a / b ( e. g. Berachot 23b ).

The dafli, also popularly known as daf, dappler or tambourine, is a must for weddings.

The earliest evidence of the daf dates back to Sassanid Iran.

The Pahlavi ( an ancient Iranic language ) name of the daf is dap.

The word daf is therefore the Arabicized form of the word dap.

The Moors introduced the daf and other Middle Eastern musical instruments to Spain, and the Spanish adapted and promoted the daf and other musical instruments ( such as the guitar ) in medieval Europe.

In the 15th century, the daf was only used in Sufi ceremonies ; the Ottomans reintroduced it to Europe in the 17th century.

The daf still functions as an important part of Kurdish and Persian art music ( traditional or classical music ) as it did in ancient times.

A daf is depicted on the reverse of the Azerbaijani 1 qəpik coin minted since 2006 and on the obverse of the Azerbaijani 1 manat banknote issued since 2006 .< ref > National Bank of Azerbaijan.

( Old site-now a dead link-that mentioned the instrument as a daf ).</ br > Central Bank of Azerbaijan.

The novel idea of Jews in all parts of the world studying the same daf each day, with the goal of completing the entire Talmud, was put forth at the First World Congress of the World Agudath Israel in Vienna on 16 August 1923 by Rabbi Meir Shapiro, then Rav of Sanok, Poland, and future rosh yeshiva of Yeshivas Chachmei Lublin.

He travels for 15 days from Eretz Yisrael to America, and each day he learns the daf.

When he arrives in America, he enters a beis medrash in New York and finds Jews learning the very same daf that he studied on that day, and he gladly joins them.

Another Jew leaves the States and travels to Brazil or Japan, and he first goes to the beis medrash, where he finds everyone learning the same daf that he himself learned that day.

The first cycle of Daf Yomi commenced on the first day of Rosh Hashanah 5684 ( 11 September 1923 ), with tens of thousands of Jews in Europe, America and Israel learning the first daf of the first tractate of the Talmud, Berachot.

To show support for the idea, the Gerrer Rebbe, Rabbi Avraham Mordechai Alter, learned the first daf of Berachot in public on that day.

The Dafyomi Advancement Forum, founded by Kollel Iyun Hadaf in 1996, is a free resource center offering English-language translations, outlines, charts, analyses and lectures on every daf, as well as answers to any question by email.

It has recorded shiurim on the daf on CD-ROM in English, Hebrew, Yiddish, and French.

Musically, the ensemble consists of oud ( lute ), kamanja ( spike fiddle ), qanun ( box zither ), darabukkah ( goblet drum ), and daf ( tambourine ),: the players of these instruments often double as a choir.

Along the edge of the dayereh there are several pairs of loosely attached metal disks, which produce short crisp sounds as the player strikes the dayereh with the wrist and the fingers.

A dayereh ( or doyra, dojra, dajre, doira, daire ) is a medium-sized frame drum with jingles used to accompany both popular and classical music in Iran ( Persia ), the Balkans, and many central Asian countries such as Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.

A dayereh ( or doyra, dojra, dajre, doira, dajreja ) is a medium-sized frame drum with jingles, used to accompany both popular and classical music in Iran ( Persia ), the Balkans, and many Central Asian countries such as Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Afghanistan.

The dayereh is one of the most famous frame drums in Persia and Central Asia, and in the Pahlavi ( Persian ancient language ) the dayereh is called dareh.

A traditional Central Asian musician from the 1860s or 1870s, holding up his dayereh.

The dayereh is an instrument that is used to keep the rhythm of the music.

Traditionally, the dayereh is a female instrument.

The history of dayereh goes back to many centuries.

An engraved bronze cup from Lorestān at the National Museum of Iran in Tehran, portrays a double ney ( end-blown reed pipes ), chang ( harp ), and dayereh in a shrine or court processional, as similarly documented in Egypt, Elam, and the Persian province of Babylonia where music was arranged for performance by large orchestral ensembles.

The poet Abu Saeed Abolkheir ( 967 – 1048 ) mentioned in his works, the word dayereh as a drum.

The sound is produced by hitting the membrane with either hand – the left hand, which also holds the dayereh, strikes the edges, and the right hand strikes the center.

The dayereh is a solo instrument.

Marko Cepenkov mentions the dayereh as a companion of the " Gajda " in the 18th and 19th centuries.