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hypothesis and beta
* 1931 Wolfgang Pauli puts forth the neutrino hypothesis to explain the apparent violation of energy conservation in beta decay
Another speculation ( the Vester-Ulbricht hypothesis ) suggests that fundamental chirality of physical processes such as that of the beta decay ( see Parity violation ) leads to slightly different half-lives of biologically relevant molecules.

hypothesis and amyloid
The " amyloid hypothesis ", that the plaques are responsible for the pathology of Alzheimer's disease, is accepted by the majority of researchers but is by no means conclusively established.
An alternative hypothesis is that amyloid oligomers rather than plaques are responsible for the disease.

hypothesis and protein
This understanding has led to the notion that all the information needed for proteins to assume their native state was encoded in the primary structure of the protein, and hence in the DNA that codes for the protein, the so called " Anfinsen's thermodynamic hypothesis ".
The hypothesis that DNA is the genetic material predicted that radioactive phosphorus-32 (< sup > 32 </ sup > P ) tracer would be found in the pellet of infected bacteria, since the element phosphorus does not exist in protein but does in DNA.
The alternative hypothesis, that protein was the genetic material, predicted that radioactive < sup > 32 </ sup > P would be found in the supernatant with the phage parts, while the radioactive < sup > 35 </ sup > S would be found in the pelleted bacterium which is found in the cell.
Francis Crick recognized the potential importance of the Griffith protein-only hypothesis for scrapie propagation in the second edition of his " Central dogma of molecular biology ": while asserting that the flow of sequence information from protein to protein, or from protein to RNA and DNA was " precluded ", he noted that Griffith's hypothesis was a potential contradiction ( although it was not so promoted by Griffith ).
The colloidal protein hypothesis stated that proteins were colloidal assemblies of smaller molecules.
This hypothesis is supported by the observation that yeast models of Parkinson's are more susceptible to toxicity from α-synuclein, the major protein component of Lewy bodies, under conditions of low proteasome activity.
Unlike oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes generally follow the " two-hit hypothesis ", which implies that both alleles that code for a particular protein must be affected before an effect is manifested.
The original hypothesis, that the protein is a stop signal for the migrating cells, is supported by its ability to induce the dissociation, its role in asserting the compact granule cell layer in the hippocampus, and by the fact that migrating neuroblasts evade the reelin-rich areas.
The homology of tubulin to the bacterial replication and cytoskeletal protein FtsZ is a major argument against Margulis, as FtsZ is apparently found natively in archaea, providing an endogenous ancestor to tubulin ( as opposed to Margulis ' hypothesis, that an archaea acquired tubulin from a symbiotic spirochete ).
( In the case of nucleotide sequences, the molecular clock hypothesis in its most basic form also discounts the difference in acceptance rates between silent mutations that do not alter the meaning of a given codon and other mutations that result in a different amino acid being incorporated into the protein.
One reason for the popularity of the local protein synthesis hypothesis is that it provides a possible mechanism for the specificity associated with LTP.
However, as discussed later, the synaptic tagging hypothesis successfully reconciles global protein synthesis, synapse specificity, and associativity.
Before the local protein synthesis hypothesis gained significant support, there was general agreement that the protein synthesis underlying L-LTP occurred in the cell body.
The working hypothesis is that when allosteric regulators bind to the regulatory site, the protein undergoes conformational changes which changes the enzyme's activity.
This objection provided the basis for protein hypothesis of anaesthetic effect ( see below ).
Thus, according to the modern lipid hypothesis anaesthetics do not act directly on their membrane protein targets, but rather perturb specialized lipid matrices at the protein-lipid interface, which act as mediators.
Based on these experimental facts and some computer simulations modern version of protein hypothesis was proposed.

hypothesis and is
The hypothesis ventured here is that it does, and that evidence is accumulating validating that proposition.
This hypothesis is evolved in analogy to the demonstrated action of organic actives in detergency.
While other conditions might be even more effective in bringing about a change from immobility to mobility in Kohnstamm reactivity, it is our hypothesis that all such conditions would have as a common factor the capacity to induce an attitude in the subject which enabled him to divorce himself temporarily from feelings of responsibility for his behavior.
It is our hypothesis that Kohnstamm-positive subjects are less hesitant about relinquishing control than are Kohnstamm-negative subjects ; ;
Philosophy can prevent the working scientist from becoming slothful and self-content by noting the assumptions and level at which a hypothesis or theory is framed.
Despite its rather long intellectual history, alienation is still a promising hypothesis and not a verified theory.
It is very important indeed, in the field of extra-sensory perception and its relation to the survival hypothesis, to know whether the statements are actually only those which any intuitive person might venture and an eager sitter attach to himself.
The empathy-altruism hypothesis basically states that psychological altruism does exist and is evoked by the empathic desire to help someone who is suffering.
ANOVA is a particular form of statistical hypothesis testing heavily used in the analysis of experimental data.
A statistical hypothesis test is a method of making decisions using data.
A test result ( calculated from the null hypothesis and the sample ) is called statistically significant if it is deemed unlikely to have occurred, assuming the truth of the null hypothesis.
A statistically significant result ( when a probability ( p-value ) is less than a threshold ( significance level )) justifies the rejection of the null hypothesis.
In the typical application of ANOVA, the null hypothesis is that all
The objective random-assignment is used to test the significance of the null hypothesis, following the ideas of C. S. Peirce and Ronald A. Fisher.
the evidence is increasingly inconsistent with the null hypothesis.
The textbook method of concluding the hypothesis test is to compare
The null hypothesis is
To test the hypothesis that all treatments have exactly the same effect, the F-test's p-values closely approximate the permutation test's p-values: The approximation is particularly close when the design is balanced.
Later experiments are often designed to test a hypothesis that a treatment effect has an important magnitude ; in this case, the number of experimental units is chosen so that the experiment is within budget and has adequate power, among other goals.

hypothesis and key
In his textbooks he selected Indo-European examples that supported the key Neogrammarian hypothesis of the regularity of sound change, and emphasized a sequence of steps essential to success in comparative work: ( a ) appropriate data in the form of texts which must be studied intensively and analysed ; ( b ) application of the comparative method ; ( c ) reconstruction of proto-forms.
The key difficulty with Fresnel's aether hypothesis arose from the juxtaposition of the two well-established theories of Newtonian dynamics and Maxwell's electromagnetism.
Inosine plays a key role in the wobble hypothesis of the genetic code.
Where Brown's weak version of the linguistic relativity hypothesis proposes that language influences thought and the strong version that language determines thought, Fishman's ' Whorfianism of the third kind ' proposes that language is a key to culture.
Statistical hypothesis testing is a key technique of frequentist statistical inference.
Extinction of a species ( or replacement by a daughter species ) plays a key role in the punctuated equilibrium hypothesis of Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge.
This is especially so in the social and medical sciences, where operational definitions of key terms are used to preserve the unambiguous empirical testability of hypothesis and theory.
On one side, perfect information is a key element to explain efficient market hypothesis.
The hypothesis leads to the conclusion that only a few key species are necessary for a healthy ecosystem.
There is a strong hypothesis that suggests that acquiring Go knowledge is a key to make a strong computer Go.
Genetics, and especially the physical and physiological nature of the gene, was becoming a central topic in biology, and x-ray mutagenesis was a key to many recent advances, among them George Beadle and Edward Tatum's work on Neurospora that established the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis.
It is at mid-ocean ridges that one of the key pieces of evidence forcing acceptance of the seafloor spreading hypothesis was found.
" These observations suggest that the diets lifestyle of different populations might partly determine their rates of cancer, and the basis for this hypothesis was strengthened by results of studies showing that people who migrate from one country to another generally acquire the cancer rates of the new host country, suggesting that environmental rather than genetic factors are the key determinants of the international variation in cancer rates.
Akerlof and Yellen ( 1990 ), responding to these criticisms and building on work from psychology, sociology, and personnel management, introduce “ the fair wage-effort hypothesis ”, which states that workers form a notion of the fair wage, and if the actual wage is lower, withdraw effort in proportion, so that, depending on the wage-effort elasticity and the costs to the firm of shirking, the fair wage may form a key part of the wage bargain.
The relationship between the microcanonical ensemble, Liouville's theorem, and ergodic hypothesis can be summarized as follows: The key assumption of a microcanonical ensemble is that all accessible microstates are equally probable.
A key point in proper statistical analysis is to test a hypothesis with evidence ( data ) that was not used in constructing the hypothesis.
Noth supplemented the dominant model of the time, the documentary hypothesis, seeing the Pentateuch as composed of blocks of traditional material accreted round some key historical experiences.
The general hypothesis among astrophysicists is that the formation of relativistic jets is the key to explaining the production of gamma-ray bursts.
The fact that classical tradition was unlikely to accept that a symphony could end in a different key from its beginning ( with the B minor first movement and the E major finale by incomplete default ), and the even more undeniable fact that Schubert had begun a third movement in B minor ( of which the score he gave to Hüttenbrenner included at least the first fully orchestrated page ) seems to disprove the above-mentioned hypothesis.
A key component of the hypothesis is that the proposed " hyperfocus " aspect of ADHD is a gift or benefit.
On May 15, 2005, Levitt replied to Sailer and Lott in his Freakonomics blog at the New York Times, and argued that two of the key assumptions underlying their alternative hypothesis are false.
Weber and other believers in the non-random walk hypothesis cite this as a key contributor and contradictor to the random walk hypothesis.

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