Help


[permalink] [id link]
+
Page "Set (game)" ¶ 19
from Wikipedia
Edit
Promote Demote Fragment Fix

Some Related Sentences

probability and set
The binomial probability distribution may describe the variation that occurs from one set of trials of such a binomial experiment to another.
When each number of successes X is paired with its probability of occurrence Af, the set of pairs Af, is a probability function called a binomial distribution.
The probability measure on Cantor space, sometimes called the fair-coin measure, is defined so that for any binary string x the set of sequences that begin with x has measure 2 < sup >-| x |</ sup >.
Not every set that is Turing equivalent to the halting problem is a halting probability.
* Event ( probability theory ), a set of outcomes to which a probability is assigned
More precisely, he showed that a random graph on vertices, formed by choosing independently whether to include each edge with probability has, with probability tending to 1 as goes to infinity, at most cycles of length or less, but has no independent set of size Therefore, removing one vertex from each short cycle leaves a smaller graph with girth greater than in which each color class of a coloring must be small and which therefore requires at least colors in any coloring.
The player becomes more likely to lose in a set number of iterations as he fails to win, and eventually his probability of winning will again equal the probability of winning a single toss, when only one toss is left: 6. 25 % in this instance.
In other words, if a typical set of m records is hashed to n table slots, the probability of a bucket receiving many more than m / n records should be vanishingly small.
If is the set of all messages that could be, and is the probability of given some, then the entropy of is defined:
Another interpretation of KL divergence is this: suppose a number X is about to be drawn randomly from a discrete set with probability distribution p ( x ).
* Statistical model, in applied statistics, a parameterized set of probability distributions
Mathematicians do research in fields such as logic, set theory, category theory, abstract algebra, number theory, analysis, geometry, topology, dynamical systems, combinatorics, game theory, information theory, numerical analysis, optimization, computation, probability and statistics.
There is a set of probability distributions used in multivariate analyses that play a similar role to the corresponding set of distributions that are used in univariate analysis when the normal distribution is appropriate to a dataset.
Probability theory considers measures that assign to the whole set the size 1, and considers measurable subsets to be events whose probability is given by the measure.
In probability theory and statistics, central moments form one set of values by which the properties of a probability distribution can be usefully characterised.
In probability theory, the sample space or universal sample space, often denoted S, Ω, or U ( for " universe "), of an experiment or random trial is the set of all possible outcomes.
In probability theory, an event is a set of outcomes ( a subset of the sample space ) to which a probability is assigned.
An event, however, is any subset of the sample space, including any singleton set ( an elementary event ), the empty set ( an impossible event, with probability zero ) and the sample space itself ( a certain event, with probability one ).

probability and will
In all probability, the council will screen and endorse candidates for the Assembly and for Congress, and then strive to put its full weight behind these pre-primary favorites.
Because of this, it would appear inevitable that an increasing percentage of strategic missiles will seek self-protection in mobility -- at least until missile defenses are perfected which have an exceedingly high kill probability.
Rather than viewing the abortive recovery in 1959-60 as a reason for believing we have lost prospects for growth '', he said `` it should be viewed as a lesson well learned which will increase the probability of substantial improvement in this recovery ''.
Mr. Philip Toynbee writes, for example, that `` in terms of probability it is surely as likely as not that mutual fear will lead to accidental war in the near future if the present situation continues.
`` If asked to choose between a terrible probability and a more terrible possibility, most men will choose the latter ''.
When more electrons are added to a single atom, the additional electrons tend to more evenly fill in a volume of space around the nucleus so that the resulting collection ( sometimes termed the atom ’ s “ electron cloud ” ) tends toward a generally spherical zone of probability describing where the atom ’ s electrons will be found.
On any given run of the algorithm, it has a probability of at most 1 / 3 that it will give the wrong answer.
* Wave-cut notches are caused by the undercutting of overhanging slopes which leads to increased stress on cliff material and a greater probability that the slope material will fall.
In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function ( CDF ), or just distribution function, describes the probability that a real-valued random variable X with a given probability distribution will be found at a value less than or equal to x.
Classical physics draws a distinction between particles and energy, holding that only the latter exhibit waveform characteristics, whereas quantum mechanics is based on the observation that matter has both wave and particle aspects and postulates that the state of every subatomic particle can be described by a wavefunction — a mathematical expression used to calculate the probability that the particle, if measured, will be in a given location or state of motion.
But once it has hit, there is no longer any probability whatsoever that it will hit somewhere else.
This is totally spurious, since no matter who measured first the other will measure the opposite spin despite the fact that ( in theory ) the other has a 50 % ' probability ' ( 50: 50 chance ) of measuring the same spin, unless data about the first spin measurement has somehow passed faster than light ( of course TI gets around the light speed limit by having information travel backwards in time instead ).
Clausewitz's " fascinating trinity " ( wunderliche Dreifaltigkeit ) comprises ( 1 ) a blind impulse, located in the people and their passions, including hate and enmity, ( 2 ) free will, which belongs to the army and its leader and includes chance and probability, and ( 3 ) pure reason, which pertains to the government.
In the computer science subfield of algorithmic information theory, a Chaitin constant ( Chaitin omega number ) or halting probability is a real number that informally represents the probability that a randomly constructed program will halt.
If the program hasn't halted yet, then it never will, since its contribution to the halting probability would affect the first N bits.
Various results in probability theory about expected values, such as the strong law of large numbers, will not work in such cases.
Treatment of chronic infection in women prior to or during pregnancy does not appear to reduce the probability the disease will be passed on to the infant.
Assuming that an interaction will occur ( with 100 % probability ) if the projectile hits the solid, and not at all ( 0 % probability ) if it misses, the total interaction probability for the single projectile will be the ratio of the area of the section of the solid ( the cross section, represented by ) to the total targeted area.

probability and have
In the case of new evidence, there must be a high probability that its presence or absence would have made a material difference in the trial.
If a defendant has been convicted and can prove that his lawyer did not adequately handle his case and that there is a reasonable probability that the result of the trial would have been different had the lawyer given competent representation, he is entitled to a new trial.
Following the work on expected utility theory of Ramsey and von Neumann, decision-theorists have accounted for rational behavior using a probability distribution for the agent.
One isotope of cadmium, < sup > 113 </ sup > Cd, absorbs neutrons with very high probability if they have an energy below the cadmium cut-off and transmits them otherwise.
Many physicists and philosophers have objected to the Copenhagen interpretation, both on the grounds that it is non-deterministic and that it includes an undefined measurement process that converts probability functions into non-probabilistic measurements.
In dovetailing fashion, all programs of all lengths are run, until enough have halted to jointly contribute enough probability to match these first N bits.
Given the first n digits of Ω and a k ≤ n, the algorithm enumerates the domain of F until enough elements of the domain have been found so that the probability they represent is within 2 < sup >-( k + 1 )</ sup > of Ω.
If multiple fermions have the same spatial probability distribution, then at least one property of each fermion, such as its spin, must be different.
Since these high-payoffs have very low probability, a house bias can quite easily be missed unless checking the odds carefully.
In this case the probability that the gcd equals d is d < sup >− 2 </ sup >/ ζ ( 2 ), and since ζ ( 2 ) = π < sup > 2 </ sup >/ 6 we have
By the time this reaches 5 losses ( 11 rolls left ), his probability of winning on one of the remaining rolls will have dropped to ~ 50 %.
Laplace wrote of the ways men calculated their probability of having sons: " I have seen men, ardently desirous of having a son, who could learn only with anxiety of the births of boys in the month when they expected to become fathers.
Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman first proposed that the gambler's fallacy is a cognitive bias produced by a psychological heuristic called the representativeness heuristic, which states that people evaluate the probability of a certain event by assessing how similar it is to events they have experienced before, and how similar the events surrounding those two processes are.
This would mean that quantum mechanics would have to be modified, because in quantum mechanics, states which are superpositions with probability amplitudes never become states which are probabilistic mixtures of different possibilities.
Land acquisition and habitat restoration efforts have been initiated in certain areas where there is a relatively high probability that the species may have survived to protect any possible surviving individuals.
In probability, a subjectivism stands for the belief that probabilities are simply degrees-of-belief by rational agents in a certain proposition, and which have no objective reality in and of themselves.
) After some time, the composite system will have an equal probability of occupying each of the states available to it.
Formally, this means that the probability density functions or probability mass functions in this class have the form
This may be an extreme form of biased sampling, because certain members of the population are totally excluded from the sample ( that is, they have zero probability of being selected ).
Because selection is performed on the individual level, families with two or more affected children would have a higher probability of becoming included in the study.
So it could have been broken, with some probability.

0.149 seconds.