Even in modern times Castroism distinguishes itself from other communist ideologies, such as Trotskyism or Maoism, in that it supports a more socialist theory of governance and its focus on Latin American solidarity and Cuban nationalism, as well as the exportation of revolution to other countries ( see Angola and Congo ).

In the 1980s the Socialist Workers Party and its international supporters within the Fourth International ( FI ) broke from many of the traditional positions of Trotskyism, including the theory of Permanent Revolution, and embraced positions that marked a political convergence with the Cuban Communist Party and the Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional.

* Tennant, Gary 1999 Dissident Cuban communism: the case of Trotskyism, 1932-1965 PhD Thesis, University of Bradford, England.

When the SWP moved away from Trotskyism in the early 1980s, a faction fight broke out in the RWL between supporters of the SWP and supporters of a Trotskyist position over the issue of Leon Trotsky's theory of permanent revolution and the nature of the Cuban Revolution.

In post – Revolutionary Russia, Stalinism ( Socialism in one country ) and Trotskyism ( Permanent world revolution ) were the principal philosophies of Communism that claimed legitimate ideological descent from Leninism ' thus, within the Communist Party, each ideological faction denied the political legitimacy of the opposing faction.

Trotskyism ideologically predominated the political platform of the Left Opposition, which demanded the restoration of soviet democracy, the expansion of democratic centralism in the Communist Party, national industrialisation, international permanent revolution, and socialist internationalism.

American Trotskyist leader James P. Cannon, in his 1942 book History of American Trotskyism, wrote that " Trotskyism is not a new movement, a new doctrine, but the restoration, the revival of genuine Marxism as it was expounded and practiced in the Russian revolution and in the early days of the Communist International.

The theory of Permanent Revolution considers that in many countries, which are thought under Trotskyism to have not yet completed a bourgeois-democratic revolution, the capitalist class oppose the creation of any revolutionary situation.

up to the outbreak of the February revolution and for a time after Trotskyism did not mean the idea that it was impossible to build a socialist society within the national boundaries of Russia ( which " possibility " was never expressed by anybody up to 1924 and hardly came into anybody ’ s head ).

" Yet it is common knowledge, Trotsky argues, that three years later, in 1926, " Bukharin was the chief and indeed the sole theoretician of the entire campaign against ' Trotskyism ', summed up in the struggle against the theory of the permanent revolution.

The group followed the US Socialist Workers Party's ( SWP ) trajectory away from Trotskyism in favour of a view of Fidel Castro's Cuba as the vanguard of world revolution.

The PCE makes a declaration in favor of democracy and against revolution and Trotskyism.

Like the British New Left, they recognized problems in the communism of the Soviet Union, but unlike the British New Left, they did not turn to Trotskyism or social democracy.

* New International Archive ( 1940-1946 ) & ( 1947-1958 ) in the Encyclopaedia of Trotskyism On-Line ( ETOL )

* Ten years: history and principles of the left opposition New York: Pioneer Publishers 1933 ; subsequent editions titled Genesis of Trotskyism alternate link 1 alternate link 2

* Communist Party of Aotearoa-a Maoist group that split from the Communist Party of New Zealand in 1993, condemning that organization's abandonment of Maoism and adoption of Trotskyism.

* The history of American Trotskyism: report of a participant New York, Pioneer Publishers 1944

From the beginning, Solidarity was an avowedly pluralist organization that included several currents of Trotskyism, socialist-feminists, and veterans of New Left groups.

" ( History of American Trotskyism, New York, 1944, pp. 49 – 50 ).

* Marxism vs. ultraleftism: the record of Healy's break with Trotskyism by Ernest Germain ( introduction ) New York: National Education Dept., Socialist Workers Party 1974

Similar to the New Left's general direction in the late 1960s, these new organizations rejected the post-1956 Communist Party USA as revisionist, or anti-revolutionary, and also rejected Trotskyism and the Socialist Workers Party for its theoretical opposition to Maoism.

Trotskyism and Maoism: Theory and Practice in France and the United States Praeger Publishers, 1989.

and in these days this inevitably means a concentration on the effects of the Cuban revolution.

He also demanded that Kennedy take additional measures to increase international tension: specifically to crush the Cuban revolution, resume nuclear testing, resist more vigorously admission of China to its lawful seat in the United Nations, and postpone non-military programs at home ''.

The dethroning of queen Isabel II meant a vacuum that was profited by the Bank of New York and some Cubans opposed to the projected extension of the 1837 Abolition Act to finance a Texas style " independence " revolution known as the Cuban 10 Years War ( 1868 – 78 ) lost by the Cubans.

However, due to concerns over the previous Cuban leader Fulgencio Batista the company had started foreign branches a few years prior to the revolution ; the Company moved the ownership of the Company's trademarks, assets and proprietary formulas out of the country to the Bahamas prior to the revolution as well as constructing plants in Puerto Rico and Mexico after the prohibition era to save in import taxes for rum being imported to the US.

Section 211 denied trademark protection to Cuban businesses products expropriated after the Cuban revolution, a provision keenly sought by Bacardi.

The act was aimed primarily at Havana Club brand in the US, which was created by the José Arechebala company which was confiscated without compensation in the Cuban revolution.

Ernest Hemingway lived in Cuba from 1939 and stayed until shortly after the Cuban revolution.

In the 1960s the Marxist revolutionary Che Guevara developed the foco () theory of revolution in his book Guerrilla Warfare, based on his experiences during the 1959 Cuban Revolution.

The Cuban government says this was only done because of " confusion " in the heady early days of the revolution, while the U. S. government maintains that the cashing constitutes an official validation of the treaty.

Demonstrating independence from the U. S., Mexico supported the Cuban government since its establishment in the early 1960s, the Sandinista revolution in Nicaragua during the late 1970s, and leftist revolutionary groups in El Salvador during the 1980s.

Benicio del Toro plays Argentine guerrilla Ernesto " Che " Guevara in an epic four-hour double bill which looks first at his role in the Cuban revolution before moving to his campaign and eventual death in Bolivia .< ref >

The revolution in Cuban education since the ousting of the US-backed Batista regime not only served as a model for Nicaragua but also provided technical assistance and advice.

Adopting Marxism-Leninism as his guiding ideology, in 1961 Castro proclaimed the socialist nature of the Cuban revolution, and in 1965 became First Secretary of the newly founded Communist Party.

Guevara had appeared in the Congo with approximately 100 men who planned to bring about a Cuban style revolution.

In particular, the congress stressed support for the Cuban revolution and a growing emphasis on building parties in the imperialist countries.

The leader of this revolution, Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, would have been inspired to create the first Cuban flag named La Demajagua in honor of the place where the revolt began.

While Hialeah was once envisioned as a playground for the elite, Cuban exiles, fleeing Fidel Castro's 1959 revolution as well as World War II Veterans and city planners transformed the city into a working-class community.

The 1959 Cuban revolution and the rise of Fidel Castro changed the climate for mob investment in Cuba.

* 1959: Joseph Martin and Philip Santora, New York Daily News, " for their exclusive series of articles disclosing the brutality of the Batista government in Cuba long before its downfall and forecasting the triumph of the Cuban revolution party led by Fidel Castro.

At about 11: 00, Premier Fidel Castro issued a statement over Cuba's nationwide network saying that the invaders, members of the exiled Cuban revolutionary front, have come to destroy the revolution and take away the dignity and rights of men.

In one reply, Guevara was asked to explain the growing number of Cuban counter-revolutionaries and defectors from the regime, to which he replied that the repelled invasion was the climax of counter revolution, and that afterwards such actions " fell drastically to zero.

" In regards to the defections of some prominent figures within the Cuban government, Guevara remarked that this was because " the socialist revolution left the opportunists, the ambitious, and the fearful far behind and now advances toward a new regime free of this class of vermin.

Following the 15 April air attacks on Cuban airfields, he declared the revolution " Marxist-Leninist ".