Depictions of such flags may be marked with the symbol File: IFIS Two-sided. svg.

Two-sided hammers are also available.

Two-sided flags were previously more common, but have been reduced due to increased costs of manufacturing a flag with two different designs.

* File: IFIS Two-sided. svg Flag has different designs on its obverse side and its reverse side

Two-sided windows commemorate T. E. Brown, an old boy of the college.

( 1941 ). Two-sided ideals and congruences in the ring of bounded operators in Hilbert space.

Two-sided arguments are best with audiences who are opposed to your argument, are better educated or have already been exposed to counter arguments.

Two-sided plates exist where each side is covered in a different grit.

In continuation of these theoretical studies, a more precise elucidation of the effects of imperfections in network structure is sought.

However, as the Morris worm and Mydoom showed, even these " payload free " worms can cause major disruption by increasing network traffic and other unintended effects.

Firstly, cyberspace describes the flow of digital data through the network of interconnected computers: it is at once not " real ", since one could not spatially locate it as a tangible object, and clearly " real " in its effects.

A canonical " dot-com " company's business model relied on harnessing network effects by operating at a sustained net loss to build market share ( or mind share ).

Intangible factors of production are subject to network effects and the contrary economic laws such as the law of increasing returns.

Over time, positive network effects can create a bandwagon effect as the network becomes more valuable and more people join, in a positive feedback loop.

The economics of network effects were presented in a paper by Bell employee N. Lytkins in 1917.

A more natural strategy is to build a system that has enough value without network effects, at least to early adopters.

Classical economies of scale are on the production side, while network effects arise on the demand side.

If some existing technology or company whose benefits are largely based on network effects starts to lose market share against a challenger such as a disruptive technology or open standards based competition, the benefits of network effects will reduce for the incumbent, and increase for the challenger.

In this model, a tipping point is eventually reached at which the network effects of the challenger dominate those of the former incumbent, and the incumbent is forced into an accelerating decline, whilst the challenger takes over the incumbent's former position.

Most people know only of Metcalfe's law as part of network effects.

One popular segmentation views network effects as being of four kinds

* Direct network effects: An increase in usage leads to a direct increase in value for other users.

* Indirect network effects: Increases in usage of one product or network spawn increases in the value of a complementary product or network, which can in turn increase the value of the original.

* Local network effects: The structure of an underlying social network affects who benefits from whom.

For example, a good displays local network effects when rather than being influenced by an increase in the size of a product's user base in general, each consumer is influenced directly by the decisions of only a typically small subset of other consumers, for instance those he or she is " connected " to via an underlying social or business network.

* General assessment: an extensive but antiquated telecommunications network inherited from the Soviet era ; quality has improved ; the Bulgaria Telecommunications Company's fixed-line monopoly terminated in 2005 when alternative fixed-line operators were given access to its network ; a drop in fixed-line connections in recent years has been more than offset by a sharp increase in mobile-cellular telephone use fostered by multiple service providers ; the number of cellular telephone subscriptions now exceeds the population

Approximately 20 % of the network is suitable for commercial boats of over 1000 tonnes and the VNF has an ongoing programme of maintenance and modernisation to increase depth of waterways, widths of locks and headroom under bridges to support France's strategy of encouraging freight onto water.

As of build 1397, released on 17 August 2011, there have been large scale experiment with new load management ( NLM ) to increase throughput and reduce the impact of hostile nodes on the network.

The key challenges for SuperJanet4 were the need to increase network capacity and to strengthen the design and management of the Janet network to allow it to meet a similar increase in the size of its userbase.

SuperJanet4 also saw an increase in the userbase of the Janet network, with the inclusion of the Further Education Community and the use of the SuperJanet4 backbone to interconnect schools ' networks.

The continuous increase in the number of cars from 395 in 1944, to 3, 379 in 1954 and to 18, 372 cars in 1970 caused urban development to primarily focus on expanding the road network, widening carriageways and the establishment of more parking spaces.

It has proven to be a short-term solution, as traffic volumes grew substantially because of a redistribution of traffic over the road network, increase of truck traffic and significant construction of new urban developments, resulting in situations where shoulders do not only need to be opened during peak hours, but also off-peak and even during weekends.

The NTSC selected 525 scan lines as a compromise between RCA's 441-scan line standard ( already being used by RCA's NBC TV network ) and Philco's and DuMont's desire to increase the number of scan lines to between 605 and 800.

* Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership ( MEP ), a nationwide network of centers to assist small and mid-sized manufacturers to create and retain jobs, improve efficiencies, and minimize waste through process improvements and to increase market penetration with innovation and growth strategies ;

brand ( which does increase as more people know of it ) for a network effect protecting its advertising business.

In recent years, the network has been improving and government spending on road construction recently saw a huge increase, due to rapid development of the country and the inflow of European Union funds for infrastructure projects.

His early work in scrutinizing the use of local, exchange and trunk telephone line usage in a small community, to understand the theoretical requirements of an efficient network led to the creation of the Erlang formula, which became a foundational element of present day telecommunication network studies.

Though there were few initial changes to the service, usage increased and the network became profitable.

fixed-line connections stand at less than 1 per 100 persons ; equipment is old and outdated, and connections with many parts of the country are unreliable ; mobile-cellular usage, in part a reflection of the poor condition and general inadequacy of the fixed-line network, increased more than 6-fold between 2002 and 2007 reaching a subscribership base of 25 per 100 persons

Under the plan which starts within 90 days, Bell will be able to charge wholesale service providers a flat monthly fee to connect to its network, and for a set monthly usage limit per each ISP customer the ISP has.

Now ubiquitous, in current usage the term " cyberspace " stands for the global network of interdependent information technology infrastructures, telecommunications networks and computer processing systems.

The program also includes " the introduction of the eCounsellor network – a service through which professionals provide assistance for citizens in the effective usage of electronic information, services and knowledge ".

After realising that, he also provided the means to build such a rail network by inventing a rotary phase converter suitable for locomotive usage.

It was given its Lightweight name because it was not as network intensive as its DAP predecessor and thus was more easily implemented over the internet due to its relatively modest bandwidth usage.

There is no technical difference between the two, but the naming differentiation allows users and servers with limited facilities to minimize network bandwidth usage.

Generally, Usenet conventions and rules are enacted with the primary intention of minimizing the overall amount of network traffic and resource usage.

Compared to Web browsing, e-mail or many other uses of the internet, where data is only transferred in short intervals and relative small quantities, P2P file-sharing often consists of relatively heavy bandwidth usage due to ongoing file transfers and swarm / network coordination packets.

A local network administrator, in special cases, can set up host-specific routes to a particular machine which provides more control over network usage, permits testing and better overall security.

Indeed, the term " cable network " has entered into common usage in the United States in reference to such channels.

** Bandwidth management and traffic shaping, in order to smooth down peaks in network usage ;

For most services, the network provides a permanent virtual circuit ( PVC ), which means that the customer sees a continuous, dedicated connection without having to pay for a full-time leased line, while the service-provider figures out the route each frame travels to its destination and can charge based on usage.

Once the network has established a connection, the edge node of the Frame Relay network must monitor the connection's traffic flow to ensure that the actual usage of network resources does not exceed this specification.