The second noteworthy characteristic is that the country borders on very different parts of the African continent: North Africa, with its Islamic culture and economic orientation toward the Mediterranean Basin ; West Africa, with its diverse religions and cultures and its history of highly developed states and regional economies ; Northeast Africa, oriented toward the Nile Valley and Red Sea region ; and Central or Equatorial Africa, some of whose people have retained classical African religions while others have adopted Christianity, and whose economies were part of the great Congo River system.

Chic's was formed by Nile Rodgers a self described " street hippie " from late 1960s New York and Martin Dow DJ at from Key West, Florida who pioneered the NYC sound across that state.

Culex mosquitos ( Culex quinquefasciatus shown ) are biological vectors that transmit West Nile Virus. In contrast, biological vectors harbor pathogens within their bodies and deliver pathogens to new hosts in an active manner, usually a bite.

According to John Iliffe, " The worst crises were in the 1680s, when famine extended from the Senegambian coast to the Upper Nile and ' many sold themselves for slaves, only to get a sustenance ', and especially in 1738 – 56, when West Africa's greatest recorded subsistence crisis, due to drought and locusts, reportedly killed half the population of Timbuktu.

Notable human diseases caused by RNA viruses include SARS, influenza, hepatitis C, West Nile fever and polio.

** Family Flaviviridae-includes Yellow fever virus, West Nile virus, Hepatitis C virus, Dengue fever virus

The Ladies Oriental Shrine of North America was founded in Wheeling, West Virginia in 1903, and Daughters of the Nile was founded in 1913 in Seattle, Washington.

* West Nile virus

( This is the case with rabies, anthrax, tularemia, West Nile virus, and many others ).

The West Nile virus appeared in the United States in 1999 in the New York City area, and moved through the country in the summer of 2002, causing much distress.

Similarly, in recent times avian influenza and West Nile virus have spilled over into human populations probably due to interactions between the carrier host and domestic animals.

New viruses such as SARS and West Nile continued to spread.

Other causes include infection by flaviviruses such as Japanese encephalitis virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus or West Nile virus, or by Togaviridae such as Eastern equine encephalitis virus ( EEE virus ), Western equine encephalitis virus ( WEE virus ) or Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus ( VEE virus ).

The contribution of type I interferons ( IFN ) in recovery from infection with viruses has been demonstrated in vivo by the therapeutic and prophylactic effects of administration of IFN-inducers or IFN, and recent research suggests mosquito saliva exacerbates West Nile virus infection, as well as other mosquito-transmitted viruses.

* West Nile virus is a concern in the United States, but there are no reliable statistics on worldwide cases.

Culex and Culiseta, are vectors of tularemia as well as arbovirus infections such as West Nile Virus.

West Nile virus ( WNV ) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic arbovirus belonging to the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae.

It was first identified in the West Nile subregion in the East African nation of Uganda in 1937.

Approximately 80 % of West Nile virus infections in humans are subclinical, which cause no symptoms.

In the cases where symptoms do occur – termed West Nile fever in cases without neurological disease – the time from infection to the appearance of symptoms ( incubation period ) is typically between 2 and 15 days.

The specific neurological diseases which may occur are West Nile encephalitis, which causes inflammation of the brain, West Nile meningitis, which causes inflammation of the meninges which are the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, West Nile meningoencephalitis, which causes inflammation of the brain and also the meninges surrounding it, and West Nile poliomyelitis-spinal cord inflammation which results in a syndrome similar to polio, which may cause acute flaccid paralysis.

* West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease ( WNND ), which occurs in less than 1 percent of cases, is when the virus infects the central nervous system resulting in meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis or a poliomyelitis-like syndrome.

* West Nile meningoencephalitis is inflammation of both the brain ( encephalitis ) and meninges ( meningitis ).

Cases of West Nile virus meningitis and encephalitis which have been serologically confirmed produce similar degrees of CSF pleocytosis and are often associated with substantial CSF neutrophilia.

Shot herself in the head days after Britain declared war on Germany, but failed to kill herself and eventually died of pneumococcal meningitis at West Highland Cottage Hospital, Oban after being transferred there from Inch Kenneth.

* West Nile poliomyelitis ( WNP ), an acute flaccid paralysis syndrome associated with WNV infection, is less common than WNM or WNE.

Buildings made of sun-dried earth are common in West Asia, North Africa, West Africa, South America, southwestern North America, Spain ( usually in the Mudéjar style ), Eastern Europe and East Anglia, particularly Norfolk, known as ' clay lump.

Before the 16th century, harvest was the term usually used to refer to the season, as it is common in other West Germanic languages to this day ( cf.

First-class teams are usually representative of a geopolitical region such as an English county, an Australian state or a West Indian nation.

Ostdeutschland ( an ambiguous term meaning simultaneously East or Eastern Germany ) was not commonly used in East or West German common parlance to refer to the German Democratic Republic, because Ostdeutschland usually referred to the former eastern territories of Germany.

Forty-eight states ( Texas and West Virginia are the exceptions ) have a model set of instructions, usually called " pattern jury instructions ", which provide the framework for the charge to the jury ; sometimes, only names and circumstances have to be filled in for a particular case.

The coast of Georgia is usually the northernmost range of the West Indian manatees because their low metabolic rate does not protect them in cold water.

Cities in the West and South usually have nonpartisan local politics.

The West Indian Day Carnival is one of the largest parades and street festivals in New York with usually over one million people participating or attending.

In both East and West, the dates of many feasts vary from year to year, usually in line with the variation in the date of Easter, with which most other moveable feasts are associated.

This suggestion is usually shunned by residents of the other cities, for the simple reason that " Quad-Cities " doesn't sound as good ( as well as the fact that West Richland has a much smaller presence compared to the three major cities ) as well as the fact that there is already a Quad Cities on the Mississippi River with Davenport and Bettendorf in Iowa, Rock Island and Moline in Illinois.

A basic reed part usually has three or four instruments ( flutes, clarinets and saxophones being the most common ), but can include up to eight instruments, such as the " Reed 3 " part in Bernstein's West Side Story, which calls for the player to use piccolo, flute, oboe, English horn, clarinet, bass clarinet, and tenor and baritone saxophones.

In the West, criminal cases usually place the burden of proof on the prosecutor ( expressed in the Latin brocard ei incumbit probatio qui dicit, non qui negat, " the burden of proof rests on who asserts, not on who denies ").

The Chilmark school serves only grades pre-K to 5, so students in grades 6-8 must attend another middle school — usually the West Tisbury school.

Some efforts have also been made to promote guinea pig husbandry in developing countries of West Africa, where they occur more widely than generally known because they are usually not covered by livestock statistics.

Normally, West Bank Palestinians are allowed access to Jerusalem only during Islamic holidays, with access usually restricted to men over 35 and women of any age eligible for permits to enter the city.

Apart from the wilderness, it is usually the saloon that emphasizes that this is the " Wild West ": it is the place to go for music ( raucous piano playing ), women ( often prostitutes ), gambling ( draw poker or five card stud ), drinking ( beer or whiskey ), brawling and shooting.

In the 1990s and 2000s, the Western comic leaned toward the Weird West sub-genre, usually involving supernatural monsters, or Christian iconography as in Preacher.

The media that have usually been classified in the West since the Renaissance as the decorative arts are extremely important in Chinese art, and much of the finest work was produced in large workshops or factories by essentially unknown artists, especially in the field of Chinese porcelain.

The name means Hither Shore in Sindarin, as opposed to the Distant Shore of Aman and was originally applied to all the shores of Beleriand ( although Nevrast was usually not included in West Beleriand ).

With the prevailing wind direction in the Northern Hemisphere being from the West, this cold, dry air sweeps east, and southward across the eastern half of the United States, before crossing over the Gulf Stream to reach Bermuda ( hence Bermudians usually obtain a two-or-three day warning of the approach of bad weather by watching the weather reports of the Atlantic Seaboard ).

Located to the west of the historic Roman and Mediaeval City of London, the West End was long favoured by the rich elite as a place of residence because it was usually upwind of the smoke drifting from the crowded City.

In the early 1960s, these resorts began attracting rich tourists from the West, who usually summered at Cannes or Nice, but the egalitarian society of Bulgaria at the time repulsed elitarian guests.