Danish, together with Swedish, derives from the East Norse dialect group, while the old Norwegian dialects before the influence of Danish and Bokmål is classified as a West Norse language together with Faroese and Icelandic.

This language began to undergo new changes that did not spread to all of Scandinavia, which resulted in the appearance of two similar dialects, Old West Norse ( Norway and Iceland ) and Old East Norse ( Denmark and Sweden ).

A change that separated Old East Norse ( Runic Swedish / Danish ) from Old West Norse was the change of the diphthong æi ( Old West Norse ei ) to the monophthong e, as in stæin to sten.

Moreover, the øy ( Old West Norse ey ) diphthong changed into ø as well, as in the Old Norse word for " island ".

Similarly, the Norwegian language is classified as a descendant of West Norse, while the written language used by the vast majority in Norway is derived from an older variant of standard Danish.

Interestingly Old Norse records do not distinguish between the Goths and the Gutes ( Gotlanders ) and both are called Gotar in Old West Norse.

English is thus more closely related to West Frisian than to any other modern language, although less than a quarter of the vocabulary of Modern English is shared with West Frisian or other West Germanic languages because of extensive borrowings from Norse, Norman, Latin, and other languages.

* Old West Norse:

Old Norse was divided into three dialects: Old East Norse, Old West Norse, and Old Gutnish.

Old West and East Norse formed a dialect continuum, with no clear geographical boundary between them.

For example, Old East Norse traits were found in eastern Norway, although Old Norwegian is classified as Old West Norse, and Old West Norse traits were found in western Sweden.

Her nephew, the " well-known author " Raymond West appears in Vicarage, his wife Joan ( initially Joyce ), a modern artist, in The Thirteen Problems.

A distinctive West Arabic variant of the symbols begins to emerge around the 10th century in the Maghreb and Al-Andalus, called ghubar (" sand-table " or " dust-table ") numerals, which are the direct ancestor of the modern Western Arabic numerals used throughout the world.

Steiner emphasized Judaism's central importance to the constitution of the modern era in the West.

She was one of the first women to explore fully the realm of erotic writing, and certainly the first prominent woman in the modern West to write erotica.

Modern musicians such as Little Richard, Mark Farner, Dan Peek, Donna Summer, Bob Dylan, Kerry Livgren, Dave Hope, Dave Mustaine, Nicko McBrain, Roger McGuinn, Ted Nugent, Kanye West, Carrie Underwood, Johnny Cash, Brian Welch, Keith Farley, Cliff Richard, Charlie Daniels, Randy Travis, Alice Cooper, Steven Tyler, Mariah Carey, Nick Cannon, and Lou Gramm were artists whose born again conversions had an impact on modern culture.

A modern domesticated West Highland white terrier

Included in that collection were “ Judgment Night ” ( first published in August and September, 1943 ), the lush rendering of a future galactic empire with a sober meditation on the nature of power and its inevitable loss ; “ The Code ” ( July, 1945 ), an homage to the classic Faust with modern theories and Lovecraftian dread ; “ Promised Land ” ( February, 1950 ) and “ Heir Apparent ” ( July, 1950 ) both documenting the grim twisting that mankind must undergo in order to spread into the solar system ; and “ Paradise Street ” ( September, 1950 ), a futuristic take on the Old West conflict between lone hunter and wilderness-taming settlers.

In English, the terms poniard and dirk are loaned during the late 16th to early 17th century, the latter in the spelling dork, durk ( presumably via Low German, Dutch or Scandinavian dolk, dolch, ultimately from a West Slavic tulich ), the modern spelling dirk dating to 18th-century Scots.

Beginning with the replacement of the Reichsmark with the Deutsche Mark as legal tender, a lasting period of low inflation and rapid industrial growth was overseen by the government led by German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and his minister of economics, Ludwig Erhard, raising West Germany from total wartime devastation to one of the most developed nations in modern Europe.

The city is close to the former late medieval / modern boundary between West Slavic and Germanic lands and it has a complex political history with periods of Polish rule, periods of German rule, and extensive self-rule, with two spells as a free city.

Francia, as this state is sometimes known, was divided into several parts, West Francia would evolve into the Kingdom of France, while East Francia would evolve into the Holy Roman Empire, a precursor to modern Germany.

The earliest evidence for modern humans in North West Europe is a jawbone discovered in Devon at Kents Cavern in 1927, which was re-dated in 2011 to between 41, 000 and 44, 000 years old.

A narrow definition would take in roughly the same area as the modern states of Israel, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and Jordan, while a wider definition would include Syria.

When the Roman Empire was divided into East and West in 395, the territories of modern Albania became part of the Byzantine Empire.

Of note, Botham's first 202 wickets came at 21. 20 per wicket, while his final 181 cost on average 36. 43 apiece ; the first average is one that would make Botham one of the greatest bowlers of the modern era, ranking alongside the West Indian greats Curtly Ambrose ( career average 20. 99 ), Malcolm Marshall ( career average 20. 94 ), and Joel Garner ( career average 20. 97 ), but the second average depicts a player who, as a specialist bowler, would be unable to sustain a place in many Test teams.

Boyarin suggests that this in part reflects the fact that much of Judaism's more than 3, 000-year history predates the rise of Western culture and occurred outside the West ( that is, Europe, particularly medieval and modern Europe ).

* 1826 – The Menai Suspension Bridge, considered the world's first modern suspension bridge, connecting the Isle of Anglesey to the north West coast of Wales, is opened.

* Judean Mountains, modern Israeli name for the mountains around Jerusalem, politically divided between Israel and the Occupied West Bank

Flynn defines intelligence to be independent of culture, emphasizing that the style of thought required to deal with problems of survival in a desert ( mapping, tracking ..), is different from that required to do well in the modern West ( academic achievement etc.

Recently, Sinologist Roger Hart argued Chinese mathematicians found a method " essentially equivalent to the solution of systems of N equations in N unknowns in modern algebra " a millennium before the West.

The word " mete " also exists in Old Frisian ( and to a lesser extent, modern West Frisian ) to denote important food, differentiating it from " swiets " ( sweets ) and " dierfied " ( animal feed ).

Weber argued that Judaism, early Christianity, theology, and later the political party and modern science, were only possible in the urban context that reached a full development the West alone.

* Atlantic languages ( formerly West Atlantic ), a language family in West Africa

Since then, American English has been influenced by the languages of West Africa, the Native American population, Spanish, and immigration.

Before the 16th century, harvest was the term usually used to refer to the season, as it is common in other West Germanic languages to this day ( cf.

The Baltic Sea, in ancient sources known as Mare Suebicum ( also known as Mare Germanicum ), is also known by the equivalents of " East Sea ", " West Sea ", or " Baltic Sea " in different languages:

Andersson's next project was Mamma Mia !, a musical built around 24 of ABBA's songs, which has become a worldwide box-office blockbuster with versions in several languages currently being played in many countries, including the UK ( West End premiere in April 1999 ), Canada ( Toronto premiere in 2000 ), the USA ( Broadway premiere in 2001 ), and Sweden ( Swedish language premiere in 2005 ).

However, the degree of influence remains debated, and it has recently been argued that its grammatical influence accounts for the substantial innovations noted between English and the other West Germanic languages.

Historically the languages were spoken over a larger area: West to the mouth of the Vistula river in present-day Poland, at least as far East as the Dniepr river in present-day Belarus, perhaps even to Moscow, perhaps as far south as Kiev.

Historical expansion of the usage of Slavic languages in the South and East, and Germanic languages in the West reduced the geographic distribution of Baltic languages to a fraction of the area which they had formerly covered.

The N ' Ko ( ߒ ' ߞߏ ) alphabet is a script devised by Solomana Kante in 1949 as a writing system for the Mande languages of West Africa ; N ’ Ko means ' I say ' in all Mande languages.

The Wichita language of Oklahoma and some West African languages such as Ijo lack the consonant on a phonemic level, but do use it as an allophone of another consonant ( of in the case of Ijo, and of in Wichita ).

These dialects have roots in 17th-century English and African languages ; unlike most native varieties of English, West Indian dialects often tend to be syllable-timed rather than stress-timed.

Cushitic was traditionally seen as also including the Omotic languages, then called West Cushitic.

The second point of transfer was near the Caprivi Strip and the Okavango River, where it was apparently the Yeyi language which borrowed the clicks from a West Kalihari Khoe language, and which in turn passed on a reduced click inventory to the neighboring Mbukushu, Kwangali, Gciriku, Kuhane, and Fwe languages in Angola, Namibia, Botswana, and Zambia.

After the discovery of the West Indies by Christopher Columbus in 1492, the Spanish term Antillas was assigned to the lands ; stemming from this, " Sea of the Antilles " is a common alternative name for the Caribbean Sea in various European languages.

Standard Danish has two genders and the definite form of nouns is formed by the use of suffixes, while Western Jutlandic has only one gender and the definite form of nouns uses an article before the noun itself, in the same fashion as West Germanic languages.

Some languages in West Africa have no term for music but the speakers do have the concept ( Nettl 1989 ,).

His most important later publication Die westlichen Sudansprachen 1927a divided these into East and West Sudanic languages and laid the basis for what would become Niger – Congo.

The languages of West Africa.

Sapir initiated work on the Athabascan languages of the Mackenzie valley and the Yukon, but it proved too difficult to find adequate assistance, and he concentrated mainly on Nootka and the languages of the North West Coast.

Their other son J. David Sapir became a Linguist and Anthropologist specialized in West African Languages, especially Jola languages.