When insulin is deficient or cells become resistant to it, diabetes occurs.

When control of insulin levels fails, diabetes mellitus can result.

* When blood ketones are present, when additional insulin is needed.

When these cells fail to respond adequately to circulating insulin, blood glucose levels rise.

When insulin is secreted, C-peptide is released as well.

* Insulin binding – When insulin attaches itself to something else.

When the foreign insulin binds with the antibodies, it does cannot work as intended.

When the vrll membrane receptor and insulin bind, the cell takes up glucose ( sugar ) from the blood and can use it for energy.

When a type 1 diabetic suffers a biological stress event ( sepsis, Heart attack, infection ) or fails to administer enough insulin they may suffer the pathological condition ketoacidosis.

When insulin was originally purified from bovine or porcine pancreata, all the proinsulin was not fully removed.

When some people used these insulins, the proinsulin may have caused the body to react with a rash, to resist the insulin, or even to make dents or lumps in the skin at the place where the insulin was injected.

When young, he was diagnosed with bipolar disorder, and insulin shock therapy erased much of his long-term memory.

When glucose is used as a cryoprotectant by arctic frogs, massive amounts of glucose are released at low temperature and a special form of insulin allows for this extra glucose to enter the cells.

When insulin levels are neither too high nor too low and glucagon levels are not too high, then specific anti-inflammatory chemicals ( types of eicosanoids ) are released, which have similar effects to aspirin, but without downsides such as gastric bleeding.

When blood glucose is high, insulin is released from the Islets of Langerhans.

When growth hormone is deficient, blood sugar is low because insulin is not opposed by normal amount of growth hormone.

When liver cells and other cells that remove glucose from the blood become less sensitive ( more resistant ) to the insulin, the pancreas increases secretion and the level of insulin in the blood rises.

When insulin binds to its receptors on the surface of a cell, the hormone receptor complex undergoes endocytosis and is subsequently attacked by intracellular lysosomal enzymes.

When blood glucose is high, lipolysis is inhibited by insulin.

When digestion of a meal is complete, insulin levels fall, and enzyme systems in the liver cells begin to remove glucose molecules from strands of glycogen in the form of G6P.

When fasting continues for more than a few hours, falling insulin levels permit catabolism of muscle protein and triglycerides from adipose tissue.

When mixed with insulin, protamines slow down the onset and increase the duration of insulin action ( see NPH insulin ).

When pharmacological methods fail, a purpose-designed external vacuum pump can be used to attain erection, with a separate compression ring fitted to the penis to maintain it.

When the measured pressure is rapidly pulsing, such as when the gauge is near a reciprocating pump, an orifice restriction in the connecting pipe is frequently used to avoid unnecessary wear on the gears and provide an average reading ; when the whole gauge is subject to mechanical vibration, the entire case including the pointer and indicator card can be filled with an oil or glycerin.

When a system design includes a centrifugal pump, an important issue it its design is matching the head loss-flow characteristic with the pump so that it operates at or close to the point of its maximum efficiency.

When manually powered, the term " handpump " is often used to refer to both the pump and the associated handle.

When enemies attempted to dig tunnels under walls for mining or entry into the city, the defenders used large bellows ( the type the Chinese commonly used in heating up a blast furnace for smelting cast iron ) to pump smoke into the tunnels in order to suffocate the intruders.

When discussing a leak in the system or backstreaming through the pump, throughput refers to the volume leak rate multiplied by the pressure at the vacuum side of the leak, so the leak throughput can be compared to the pump throughput.

When the photons belonging to the signal at a different wavelength from the pump light meet the excited erbium atoms, the erbium atoms give up some of their energy to the signal and return to their lower-energy state.

When the water drops below a certain level, a pressure switch, level switch or float valve will activate a pump or open a public water line to refill the water tower.

When a pipeline is built, the construction project not only covers the civil work to lay the pipeline and build the pump / compressor stations, it also has to cover all the work related to the installation of the field devices that will support remote operation.

When H. pylori infection is present, the most effective treatments are combinations of 2 antibiotics ( e. g. Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Metronidazole ) and 1 proton pump inhibitor ( PPI ), sometimes together with a bismuth compound.

When a heat pump is used for heating, it uses the same basic refrigeration-type cycle employed by an air conditioner or a refrigerator, but releasing heat into the conditioned-space rather than into the surrounding environment.

When used for heating a building on a mild day, for example 10 ° C, a typical air-source heat pump ( ASHP ) has a COP of 3 to 4, whereas an electrical resistance heater has a COP of 1. 0.

When there is a high temperature differential on a cold day, ( e. g., when an air-source heat pump is used to heat a house on a very cold winter day of 0 ° C ), it takes more work to move the same amount of heat to indoors than on a mild day.

When it is extremely cold outside, it is simpler, and wears the machine less, to heat using an electric-resistance heater rather than to overload an air-source heat pump.

When capsaicin is present, it alters the conformation of the SERCA, and thus reduces the ion movement ; as a result the ATP energy ( which would have been used to pump the ions ) is instead released as thermal energy.

When the simulator is in operation, an accurate shape for the flexible sheet is maintained by its attachment to a shaped former by suction pressure produced by a small vacuum pump.

When conditions are conducive to stomatal opening ( e. g., high light intensity and high humidity ), a proton pump drives protons ( H < sup >+</ sup >) from the guard cells.

When Sperry was given money to persuade him to rebuild his factory in the village, he handed it over to the village trustees with the instructions that it be given to the fire department to help in the purchase of a new booster pump.

When the Northern Pacific Railway built its line through Adams County, they established a station where Hatton is and built a section and pump house.

When enemies attempted to dig tunnels under walls for mining or entry into the city, the defenders used large bellows ( the type the Chinese commonly used in heating up the blast furnace for smelting cast iron ) to pump smoke into the tunnels in order to suffocate the intruders.

When used for ED, a purpose-designed vacuum pump is used to produce an erection by simple mechanical and hydrodynamical action in spite of vascular or nerve damage, and the ring slid off the pump's cylinder onto the base of the penis to maintain the erection before it is lost.

When used with a pump a lubricating gel is always used to help the pump to maintain a vacuum ( in the same way as vacuum grease is used with a vacuum pump in scientific applications ).