When the Ming Dynasty Chinese astronomer Xu Guangqi adapted the European southern hemisphere constellations to the Chinese system in The Southern Asterisms, he combined Apus with some of the stars in Octans to form the " Exotic Bird " ( 異雀, Yìquè ).

When the Confucian advisers pressed their point, Li Ssu had many Confucian scholars killed and their books burned — considered a huge blow to the philosophy and Chinese scholarship.

When Westerners speak of Chinese food, they usually refer to Cantonese cuisine.

When it is necessary to distinguish between native Japanese kun ' yomi and Chinese-derived on ' yomi pronunciations, for example in Kanji dictionaries, the Japanese pronunciations are written in hiragana, and the Chinese ones are written in katakana.

When Galileo was viewed as a private-sector development with public-sector financial participation, European Commission program managers sought Chinese participation in pursuit of Chinese cash in the short term and privileged access to China ’ s market for positioning and timing applications in the longer term.

When it was established, it was based entirely on the Chinese Kuomintang and was pro Chinese.

When they arrived, they were confronted with Chinese assertions that the Japanese had invaded unlawfully, while the Japanese claimed they were acting to keep peace in the area.

When Portugal conquered Malacca in 1511 and committed atrocities against the Malay Sultanate, the Chinese responded with violent force against Portugal.

When Jesuit missionaries learned this standard language in the 16th century, they called it Mandarin, from its Chinese name Guānhuà ( 官话 / 官話 ), or " language of the officials ".

When the People's Republic was founded in 1949, the telecommunications systems and facilities in China first established by the Qing and Republican ITA and Ministry of Posts and Communications had been seriously damaged from over thirty years of on and off war between warlords, Japan, and the two sides of the Chinese Civil War.

When the Buddhist texts were translated into Chinese, the concubines of others were added to the list of inappropriate partners.

When enemies attempted to dig tunnels under walls for mining or entry into the city, the defenders used large bellows ( the type the Chinese commonly used in heating up a blast furnace for smelting cast iron ) to pump smoke into the tunnels in order to suffocate the intruders.

When Madame Chiang was 103 years old, she had an exhibition of her Chinese paintings in New York.

When the Chinese begin losing the war, U. S. forces begin to target their strategic assets.

When the government official Dan Song proposed the Chinese calendar should be reformed in 123 to adopt certain apocryphal teachings, Zhang opposed the idea.

Jurchen script | Jurchen translation of the Chinese couplet, Ming wang shen de, si yi xian bin (" 明王慎德. 四夷咸宾 ": " When a wise king is heedful of virtue, foreigners from all quarters come as guests ")

* When a Chinese prince ( later to be Emperor Zhongzong of Tang ) is made crown prince, his lavish palatial mansion in Chang ' an is converted into a Daoist abbey.

When the Chinese communists took over Tibet in 1951, Bhutan closed its frontier with Tibet and sided with its powerful neighbor to the south.

When a house accidentally burnt down, military and impoverished citizens started slaughtering and pillaging the Chinese community.

When the Chinese prefectural government officials traveled to the capital in the year 643 to give the annual report of the affairs in their districts, Emperor Taizong discovered that many had no proper quarters to rest in, and were renting rooms with merchants.

When the Khitans began raiding northeast China in 605, a Chinese general led 20, 000 Turks against them, distributing Khitan livestock and women to the Turks as a reward.

When the Meiji government began to create the prefectural system in 1868, the nine bugyō-ruled zones became fu ( 府 ), while the township-ruled zones and the rest of the bugyo-ruled zones became ken ( 県 ).

When Hokkaidō was incorporated, transportation on the island was still very underdeveloped, so the prefecture was split into several " sub-prefectures " ( 支庁 shichō ) that could fulfill administrative duties of the prefectural government and keep tight control over the developing island.

When a pagoda of Yihuang County in Fuzhou collapsed in 1210 during the Song Dynasty, all the local inhabitants believed that the unfortunate event was directly correlated with the recent failure of many exam candidates in the prefectural examinations for official degrees, the prerequisite for appointment in civil service.

When Emperor Xuanzong heard this, he remembered Yuwen's contributions and posthumously made him a prefectural prefect.

When the proprietor dies, the establishment should become a corporation until it is either acquired by another proprietor or the government decides to drop it.

When we look at countries like Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, and Burma, where substantial progress has been made in creating a minimum supply of modern men and of social overhead capital, and where institutions of centralized government exist, we find a second category of countries with a different set of problems and hence different priorities for policy.

When these do not work, he tries to avoid responsibility, saying he will ask the government for orders.

When the Macdonald government fell due to the Pacific scandal in 1873, the Governor General, Lord Dufferin, called upon Mackenzie, who had been chosen as the leader of the Liberal Party a few months earlier, to form a new government.

When the Jacobin faction seized control of the Revolutionary government in 1792, Jean-Jacques Ampère resisted the new political tides, and he was guillotined on November 24, 1793, as part of the Jacobin purges of the period.

When Tennessee seceded from the Union in 1861, Johnson was a Democratic U. S. Senator from Tennessee and was dedicated to Jacksonian Democracy, nationalism and limited government.

When the Labour government fell in 1979, the Conservatives under Margaret Thatcher won a victory which served to push the Liberals back into the margins.

When Isagoras attempted to create a narrow oligarchic government, the Athenian people, in a spontaneous and unprecedented move, expelled Cleomenes and Isagoras.

When word of the plot percolated through Black Hand leadership and the Serbian government, Apis was told not to proceed.

" When Congress, in the summer of 1973, legislated an end to U. S. military action in, over, or off the shores of Indochina, the only U. S. military activity then going on was air support of a friendly Cambodian government and army desperately defending their country against a North Vietnamese and Khmer Rouge onslaught ... What destabilized Cambodia was North Vietnam's occupation of chunks of Cambodian territory from 1965 onwards for use as military bases from which to launch attacks on U. S. and South Vietnamese forces in South Vietnam.

When Chiang was defeated by CPC forces in mainland China in 1949, he retreated to Taiwan with his government and his most disciplined troops, along with most of the KMT leadership and a large number of their supporters ; Chiang Kai-shek had taken effective control of Taiwan at the end of WWII as part of the overall Japanese surrender, when Japanese troops in Taiwan surrendered to Republic of China troops.

When informal relationships and sanctions prove insufficient to establish and maintain a desired social order, a government or a state may impose more formalized or stricter systems of social control.

When Duke Jing of Qi asked about government, by which he meant proper administration so as to bring social harmony, Confucius replied:

When he did not restore democratic rule and occasionally engaged in open repression, however, he was overthrown by the military in 1957 with the backing of both political parties, and a provisional government was installed.

When a constitution establishes a federal state, it will identify the several levels of government coexisting with exclusive or shared areas of jurisdiction over lawmaking, application and enforcement.

When the second novel, Dune Messiah, opens, Muad ’ Dib ’ s religion has sent his fanatical soldiers on an interstellar jihad, destroying the traditional structures of government and leaving billions dead.

When the Communists captured the Nationalist capital of Nanjing in April 1949, Li refused to accompany the central government as it fled to Guangdong, instead expressing his dissatisfaction with Chiang by retiring to Guangxi.

When the government proposed a new federal code of civil procedure in 2006, replacing the cantonal codes of civil procedure, it rejected the introduction of class actions, arguing that:

When the Zairian government began to escalate its massacres in November 1996, the Tutsi militias erupted in rebellion against Mobutu.

When he encountered opposition from the services, he used government control of military spending to force the change through, stating " Wherever Federal Funds are expended, I do not see now any American can justify a descrimination of those funds.

When the newspapers reported that the government had not allowed the showing of The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons, the people were outraged, and the royals were forced to give in.

Godfrey Goodman, Bishop of Gloucester, recalled: " When we had experience of a Scottish government, the Queen did seem to revive.

When the United States ( US ) government was formed in 1789, Boudinot was elected from New Jersey to the US House of Representatives.

When the French public were asked to select which film they wanted to see most, having been told by the Vichy government that soon no more American films would be allowed in France, the overwhelming majority chose it over all others.