Carnegie's charm aided by his great wealth meant that he had many British friends, including Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone.

* 1886 – William Ewart Gladstone introduces the first Irish Home Rule Bill into the British House of Commons.

From 1852 onwards, Disraeli's career would also be marked by his often intense rivalry with William Ewart Gladstone, who eventually rose to become leader of the Liberal Party.

William Ewart GladstoneFour-time Prime Minister

However, the government resisted calls for the nationalisation of the network ( first proposed by William Ewart Gladstone as early as the 1830s ).

During the 19th century the Liberal Party was broadly in favour of what would today be called classical liberalism: supporting laissez-faire economic policies such as free trade and minimal government interference in the economy ( this doctrine was usually termed ' Gladstonian Liberalism ' after the Victorian era Liberal Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone ).

The leading Peelite was William Ewart Gladstone, who was a reforming Chancellor of the Exchequer in most of these governments.

* William Ewart Gladstone 1880 – 1894

Their policies of low public expenditure and low taxation were adopted by William Ewart Gladstone when he became chancellor of the exchequer and later prime minister.

Fox and William Ewart Gladstone.

Constitutional nationalism enjoyed its greatest success in the 1880s and 1890s when the Irish Parliamentary Party under Charles Stewart Parnell succeeded in having two Home Rule bills introduced by the Liberal government of William Ewart Gladstone, though both failed.

In 1862 he became Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department, and in 1868, after losing his seat at Merthyr Tydfil, but being re-elected for Renfrewshire, he was made Home Secretary by William Ewart Gladstone.

Parliament appointed a committee, led by William Ewart, on Public Libraries to consider the necessity of establishing libraries through the nation: In 1849 their report noted the poor condition of library service, it recommended the establishment of free public libraries all over the country, and it led to the Public Libraries Act in 1850, which allowed all cities with populations exceeding 10, 000 to levy taxes for the support of public libraries.

Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone cultivated the public image as a man of the people by circulating pictures like this of himself cutting down oak trees with an axe.

Benjamin Disraeli and William Ewart Gladstone developed this new role further by projecting " images " of themselves to the public.

Examples include William Ewart Gladstone, David Lloyd George, Neville Chamberlain, Winston Churchill, Margaret Thatcher, and Tony Blair.

In the 19th century, there were still British prime ministers who spoke with some regional features, such as William Ewart Gladstone.

Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli was accused by William Ewart Gladstone of undermining Britain's constitutional system, due to his lack of reference or consent from Parliament when purchasing the shares with funding from the Rothschilds.

Prime Ministers of the period included: Lord Melbourne, Sir Robert Peel, Lord John Russell, Lord Derby, Lord Aberdeen, Lord Palmerston, Benjamin Disraeli, William Ewart Gladstone, Lord Salisbury, and Lord Rosebery.

William Ewart Gladstone ( 1809 – 1898 ) was the Liberal counterpart to Disraeli, serving as prime minister four times ( 1868 – 74, 1880 – 85, 1886, and 1892 – 94 ).

These parties were led by many prominent statesmen including Lord Melbourne, Sir Robert Peel, Lord Derby, Lord Palmerston, William Ewart Gladstone, Benjamin Disraeli, and Lord Salisbury.

; 1886: Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone and the Liberal Party tries passing the First Irish Home Rule Bill, but the House of Commons rejects it.

William Ewart Gladstone, FRS, FSS ( 29 December 1809 – 19 May 1898 ) was a British Liberal statesman.

Born in 1809 in Liverpool, England, at 62 Rodney Street, William Ewart Gladstone was the fourth son of the merchant Sir John Gladstone from Leith ( now a suburb of Edinburgh ), and his second wife, Anne MacKenzie Robertson, from Dingwall, Ross-shire.

It grew out of the Whig Party in 1859, and William Gladstone carried the party through governments in the late 19th century.

William Gladstone

William E. Gladstone served as prime minister four times ( 1868 – 74, 1880 – 85, 1886, and 1892 – 94 ).

The 1890s were marred by infighting between the three principal successors to Gladstone, party leader William Harcourt, former Prime Minister Lord Rosebery, and Gladstone's personal secretary, John Morley.

" However, Whiggery as a political doctrine had little affinity for classical political economy, the tabernacle of the Manchester School and William Gladstone.

Towards the end of the century Prime Ministers of Scottish descent included the Tory, Peelite and Liberal William E. Gladstone, who held the office four times between 1868 and 1894.

Perhaps the most dedicated patron of Severn's work in the 1830s was William Gladstone, who was drawn to Severn more for his reputation as a painter than as Keats's friend.

Severn also painted such works as Cordelia Watching by the Bed of Lear, Shepherds in the Campagna, Shelley Composing Prometheus Unbound, Isabella and the Pot of Basil, Portia with the Casket, Ariel, Rienzi, The Infant of the Apocalypse Saved from the Dragon, a large altarpiece for the church of San Paolo fuori le Mura at Rome, and many portraits of statesman and aristocrats, including Baron Bunsen and William Gladstone.

With the passing of the Crofters ' Act in 1886 the Liberal prime minister William Gladstone emancipated crofters from the rule of the landlords.

* 1865 – American Civil War: Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston surrenders his army to General William Tecumseh Sherman at the Bennett Place near Durham, North Carolina.

On April 14, 1865, President Lincoln was shot and mortally wounded by John Wilkes Booth, a Confederate sympathizer, who conspired to coordinate assassinations of others, including Johnson, Ulysses S. Grant and Secretary of State William H. Seward that same night.

* 1865 – U. S. Secretary of State William H. Seward and his family are attacked in his home by Lewis Powell.

* 1805 – William Rowan Hamilton, Irish mathematician ( d. 1865 )

In 1865 – 66 William Robert Hicks was mayor of Bodmin, when he revived the custom of Beating the bounds of the town.

* 1865 – Union forces under Major General William T. Sherman set the South Carolina State House on fire during the burning of Columbia.

* 1865 – William Butler Yeats, Irish writer, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1937 )

* 1785 – William Jackson Hooker, English botanist ( d. 1865 )

" This 1865 painting by William H. Powell shows Perry transferring to a different ship during the battle.

* 1865 – American Civil War: In Kentucky, Union soldiers ambush and mortally wound Confederate raider William Quantrill, who lingers until his death on June 6.

* Montgomery, William G. ( 1993 ) Under Their Own Vine and Fig Tree: The African-American Church in the South, 1865 – 1900, Louisiana State University Press, ISBN 0-8071-1745-5

* 1865 – William Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood, Indian-English general ( d. 1951 )

On December 18, 1865, Secretary of State William H. Seward proclaimed the amendment to have been adopted on December 6, 1865, when Georgia's ratification brought the total number of states to ratify to 27 of the then 36 states.

On December 18, 1865, Secretary of State William H. Seward, proclaimed the amendment to have been ratified by the legislatures of 27 of the then 36 states.

* January 28 – William Butler Yeats, Irish writer, Nobel Prize laureate ( b. 1865 )

* The Christian Mission, later renamed The Salvation Army, is co-founded by William and Catherine Booth in London, England in 1865.

* January 21 – William Machin Stairs, Canadian businessman and statesman ( d. 1865 )

* July 7 – William Henry Smith, British businessman ( d. 1865 )

* August 4 – William Rowan Hamilton, Irish mathematician ( d. 1865 )

* July 6 – William Jackson Hooker, English botanist ( d. 1865 )

* George Phillips Bond ( 1825 – 1865 ), American astronomer, son of William Cranch Bond ( below )

A particularly popular idea was the Quinarian system popularised by Nicholas Aylward Vigors ( 1785 – 1840 ), William Sharp Macleay ( 1792 – 1865 ), William Swainson and others.