** William of Ockham ( Church of England )

At about the same time, the nominalist philosopher William of Ockham argued, in Book I of his Summa Totius Logicae ( Treatise on all Logic, written some time before 1327 ), that Categories are not a form of Being in their own right, but derivative on the existence of individuals.

Philosophers associated with empiricism include Aristotle, Alhazen, Avicenna, Ibn Tufail, Robert Grosseteste, William of Ockham, Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, Robert Boyle, John Locke, George Berkeley, David Hume, Leopold von Ranke, John Stuart Mill, and Karl Popper.

If Wycliffe was in philosophy the superior of his contemporaries and had no equal in scholastic discipline, he belongs with the series of great scholastic philosophers and theologians in which England in the Middle Ages was so rich – with Alexander of Hales, Roger Bacon, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham ( Occam ), and Thomas Bradwardine.

* 1328 – William of Ockham, Franciscan Minister-General Michael of Cesena and two other Franciscan leaders secretly leave Avignon, fearing a death sentence from Pope John XXII.

* William of Ockham, the Medieval philosopher

It is named after William of Ockham of Occam's Razor fame.

Nominalism has been endorsed or defended by many, including William of Ockham, Peter Abelard, D. C. Williams ( 1953 ), David Lewis ( 1983 ), and arguably H. H. Price ( 1953 ) and W. V. O. Quine ( 1961 ).

William of Ockham argued strongly that universals are a product of abstract human thought.

Both these opinions were denied by Scotus ' pupil William of Ockham.

It can be found in the work of Peter Abelard and reached its flowering in William of Ockham, who was the most influential and thorough nominalist.

He engaged in long theological debates with other noted figures of the age, such as William of Ockham and Meister Eckhart.

Prior thinkers, particularly nominalist William of Ockham in the early 14th century, had begun the intellectual movement toward empiricism.

William of Ockham – Sketch labelled " frater Occham iste ", from a manuscript of Ockham's Summa Logicae, 1341

William of Ockham (; also Occam, Hockham, or several other spellings ; c. 1288 – c. 1348 ) was an English Franciscan friar and scholastic philosopher, who is believed to have been born in Ockham, a small village in Surrey.

Although he is commonly known for Occam's razor, the methodological principle that bears his name, William of Ockham also produced significant works on logic, physics, and theology.

William of Ockham joined the Franciscan order at an early age.

William of Ockham was among these scholarly commentators.

William of Ockham believed " only faith gives us access to theological truths.

The standard edition of his philosophical and theological works is William of Ockham: Opera philosophica et theologica, Gedeon Gál, et al., eds.

For his political works, all but the Dialogus have been edited in William of Ockham, H. S. Offler, et al., eds.

* Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: William of Ockham

* The Nominalist Ontology of William of Ockham, with an annotated bibliography

William Fitzstephen ( d. about 1190 ), in his biography of Thomas Becket, gives a graphic sketch of the London of his day and, writing of the summer amusements of the young men, says that on holidays they were " exercised in Leaping, Shooting, Wrestling, Casting of Stones jactu lapidum, and Throwing of Javelins fitted with Loops for the Purpose, which they strive to fling before the Mark ; they also use Bucklers, like fighting Men.

Another early written account is attributed to escaped convict William Buckley in his 1852 biography of thirty years living with the Wathaurong people.

Citizen Kane ( 1941 ) was said by Orson Welles to not be a biography of William Randolph Hearst, but a composite of many people from that era.

Thompson's first major work was his biography of William Morris, written while he was a member of the Communist Party.

Bacon's personal secretary and chaplain, William Rawley, however, wrote in his biography of Bacon that his inter-marriage with Alice Barnham was one of " much conjugal love and respect ", mentioning a robe of honour that he gave to her, and which " she wore unto her dying day, being twenty years and more after his death ".

Another account appears in a biography by William Rawley, Bacon's personal secretary and chaplain:

After her death in July 1852 he married secondly Norah Creina Blanche, daughter of Sir William Napier, the historian of the Peninsular War, whose biography he edited.

* Carson, Christopher Kit Photograph of Kit Carson in a beaver hat and short biography by William H. Wroth New Mexico Office of the State Historian

The fourth important source of information is William of Saint-Parthus ' biography, which he wrote using the papal inquest mentioned above.

They say that this inferred profile of the author fits Oxford's biography better than the documented biography of William Shakespeare.

Oriental Jones: A biography of Sir William Jones, 1746-1794.

William Roper's biography of More was one of the first biographies in the English language.

The brief biography of Malory goes thus: Born on 6 December 1425 at Morton Court, Shropshire, he was the eldest son of Sir William Malory, representative of Parliament to Cambridgeshire.

King: William Lyon Mackenzie King, A Life Guided by the Hand of Destiny ( Vancouver: Douglas & MacIntyre, 2011 ), detailed popular biography

William Lyon Mackenzie King, 1924-1932: The Lonely Heights ( 1963 ) standard biography, online edition.

William Lyon Mackenzie King: 1932-1939: the Prism of Unity ( 1976 ) standard biography online edition.

* William S. Burroughs biography and science resources at The Franklin Institute's Case Files online exhibit

* Tim Powers, The Mystery That Is William Ashbless is an intriguing brief biography of the poet

* William Ewart Gladstone 1809 – 98 biography from the Liberal Democrat History Group

He published a biography of Joseph Chamberlain, which treated the split with William Gladstone over Irish Home Rule in 1886 as the pivotal point of his career, rather than the adoption of tariff reform, and contained the famous line: " All political lives, unless they are cut off in midstream at a happy juncture, end in failure, because that is the nature of politics and of human affairs ".

* Nevil Shute Norway, Slide Rule ( William Heinemann, London, 1954 ) Norway's biography covers his time at Airspeed in great detail

* In the 1956 essay Hamlet oder Hekuba: der Einbruch der Zeit in das Spiel ( Hamlet or Hecuba: the Irruption of Time into the Play ), the German legal theorist Carl Schmitt suggests that elements of the Earl's biography, in particular his final days and last words, were incorporated into William Shakespeare's Hamlet at both the level of dialogue and the level of characterization.

In a review of William Carlos Williams ' biography, " Something Urgent I Have to Say to You ": The Life and Works of William Carlos Williams, by Herbert Leibowitz, book critic Christopher Benfey wrote of Williams's poetry, " Early and late, Williams held the conviction that poetry was in his friend Kenneth Burke's phrase, ' equipment for living, a necessary guide amid the bewilderments of life.