Francisco de Goya's Witches ' Sabbath ( 1789 ) | Witches Sabbat ( 1789 ), which depicts the Devil flanked by Satanic witches.

Francisco Goya, Witches ' Sabbath ( Goya, 1798 ) | le Sabbat des sorcières ( the Sabbath of witches ).

# Songe d ' une nuit de sabbat ( Dream of a Witches ' Sabbath )

The title track refers to Witches Sabbath on Walpurgis Night.

Francisco Goya, Witches ' Sabbath ( The Great He-Goat ) | Witches ' Sabbath, 1821-1823.

Col legno is used in the final movement of the Piano Concerto No. 2 by Frédéric Chopin, which predates the more famous use in the " Dream of Witches ' Sabbath ", in the final movement of Berlioz's Symphonie Fantastique, in the score of the film Alien by Jerry Goldsmith, as well as in " Mars, the Bringer of War " from Holst's The Planets, the first movement of Mahler's Symphony No. 2, and Mussorgsky's Night on Bald Mountain.

The Witches ' Sabbath or Sabbat is a meeting of those who practice witchcraft and other rites.

Helping to publicize belief in and the threat of the Witches ' Sabbath was the extensive preaching of the popular Franciscan reformer, Saint Bernardino of Siena ( 1380 – 1444 ), whose widely circulating sermons contain various references to the sabbath as it was then conceived and hence represent valuable early sources into the history of this phenomenon.

* Witches ' Sabbath by Francisco Goya ( 1798 ) Museum of Lázaro Galdiano

* Witches ' Sabbath or The Great He-Goat by Francisco Goya ( 1823 ) Museo del Prado

* Muse of the Night ( Witches ' Sabbath ) by Luis Ricardo Falero ( 1880 )

* Witches ' Sabbath by Frans Francken ( 1606 )

Many of the diabolical elements of the Witches ' Sabbath stereotype, such as the eating of babies, poisoning of wells, desecration of hosts or kissing of the devil's anus, were also made about heretical Christian sects, lepers, Muslims, and Jews ( see blood libel ).

Christian missionaries ' attitude to African cults was not much different in principle to their attitude to the Witches ' Sabbath in Europe ; some accounts viewed them as a kind of Witches ' Sabbath, but they are not.

* The first modern attempt to outline the details of the medieval Witches ' Sabbath.

* Chapter IV, The Sabbat has detailed description of Witches ' Sabbath, with complete citations of sources.

It is thought probable that the larger of the forts that make up this monument, situated approximately away on the Trwyn y Witch ( Witches Point ) headland, was at one time occupied by Caratacus ( who led the Silures in resistance to the Roman occupation ).

Witches in Greek and Roman literature, particularly those from Thessaly, were regularly accused of " drawing down the moon " by use of a magic spell.

Macbeth and Banquo with the Witches by Henry Fuseli

He appears again to Macbeth in a vision granted by the Three Witches, wherein Macbeth sees a long line of kings descended from Banquo.

Macbeth and Banquo Meeting the Three Witches by John Wootton

* Two Witches, a Finnish Gothic rock band, created a song in the early 1990s called " Mircalla ", inspired by the novel.

* Dianic Witches, who may have been inspired by Z Budapest, the New York Redstocking's W. I. T. C. H.

Doreen Valiente, one of Gardner's priestesses, later identified the woman who initiated Gardner as Dorothy Clutterbuck, referenced in A Witches ' Bible by Janet and Stewart Farrar.

Gardner seems not to have been confident writing original poetry, and instead borrowed and wove together appropriate material from other artists and occultists, most notably Crowley, Charles Godfrey Leland's Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches, the Key of Solomon as published by S. L.

Macbeth and Banquo with the Witches by Henry Fuseli

" Pagan " as a self-designation appeared in 1964 and 1965, in the publications of the Witchcraft Research Association ; at that time, the term was in use by " revivalist Witches " in the United States and the United Kingdom, but unconnected to the broader, counter-culture Pagan movement.

Being an Exact and True account ( by way of Journal ) of the various actions of infernal Spirits or ( Devils Incarnate ) Witches or both: and the great Disturbance and Amazement they gave to George Walton's family at a place called Great Island in the county of New Hampshire in New England, chiefly in throwing about ( by an Invisible hand ) Stones, Bricks, and Brick-Bats of all sizes, with several other things, as Hammers, Mauls, Iron-Crows, Spits, and other Utensils, as came into their Hellish minds, and this for space of a quarter of a year.

According to the Malleus Maleficarum, or " Witches ' Hammer ", written by Heinrich Kramer ( Insitoris ) in 1486, a succubus collects semen from the men she seduces.

Witches by Hans Baldung Grien ( Woodcut, 1508 )

It was a publication of the Catalan poem Les bruixes de Llers (" The Witches of Llers ") by his friend and schoolmate, poet Carles Fages de Climent.

The painting also is a plot element in The Witches of Chiswick by Robert Rankin.

In 1933, the Egyptologist Margaret Murray published the book, The God of the Witches, in which she theorised that Pan was merely one form of a horned god who was worshipped across Europe by a witch-cult.

Aradia ( possibly a corrupted form Erodiade, the Italian form of the name of Herodias ) is one of the principal figures in the American folklorist Charles Leland ’ s 1899 work Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches, which he believed to be a genuine religious text used by a group of pagan witches in Tuscany, a claim that has subsequently been disputed by other folklorists and historians.

He said that the practice of Witches keeping such a book was ancient, and was practised by the Witch-cult throughout history.

This version of the ritual, written by both Gardner and Valiente, but containing sections adopted from various sources, such as Aleister Crowley, Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches, and even Rudyard Kipling, went on to become the traditional text for Gardnerian Wicca.

Much of it was published by the Farrars in their 1984 book The Witches ' Way.

In the Discworld novel Witches Abroad, by Terry Pratchett, one of the characters is a zombie by the name of Baron Saturday, who is the former ruler of the fictional country of Genua.

* In 2002, The Witches of Eastwick musical opened in Australia, starring Paul McDermott as Daryl van Horne, Marina Prior as Jane Smart, Pippa Grandison as Sukie Rougemont and Angela Toohey as Alexandra Spofford.

In June 2007, he starred as Darryl van Horne in the American premiere of The Witches of Eastwick at the Signature Theatre in Arlington, Virginia.

Observation and remembrance of Sabbath is one of the Ten Commandments ( the fourth in the Eastern Orthodox and most Protestant traditions, the third in Roman Catholic and Lutheran traditions ).

Cardinal Gibbons affirmed Sunday Sabbath as a sign of the Roman Catholic Church's sufficiency as guide:

Jews continue to observe Sabbath on Saturday, and Constantine himself continues to worship the ancient Roman sun god, Apollo, despite his acceptance of Christianity.

" Eastern Orthodox churches, as well as many Roman Catholics, distinguish between Sabbath ( Saturday ) and Sunday, which some Christians traditionally call the Lord's Day ().

However, many Protestants and Roman Catholics do refer to Sunday as Sabbath, though this is by no means a universal practice among Protestants and Catholics.

Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches distinguish between Saturday ( Sabbath ) and the Lord's Day ( Sunday ).

Some of these, most notably the Seventh-day Adventist Church, have traditionally held that the apostate church formed when Bishop of Rome began to dominate and brought heathen corruption and allowed pagan idol worship and beliefs to come in, and formed the Roman Catholic Church, which teaches others traditions over Scripture, and to rest from their work on Sunday, instead of Sabbath, which is not in keeping with Scripture.

Originally the Feller's were Roman Catholics but turned to attending Methodist services when Feller's father was scorned by the parish priest for letting Feller play on the Sabbath.