Such was Zhang Rang's power that Emperor Ling referred to him as ' father ( 阿父 )' and allowed him control of most matters in court.

The people and the officials, including He Jin, Yuan Shao and Cao Cao, all agreed that Zhang Rang's power was too great.

) However, after the eunuchs ' leader, Zhang Rang pleaded with his daughter-in-law ( Empress Dowager He's sister ), Empress Dowager He relented and summoned them back to the palace.

) However, after the eunuchs ' leader, Zhang Rang pleaded with his daughter-in-law ( Empress Dowager He's sister ), Empress Dowager He relented and summoned them back to the palace.

An American-Chinese-Hong Kong-Taiwanese co-production, the film was directed by Ang Lee and featured an international cast of ethnic Chinese actors, including Chow Yun-Fat, Michelle Yeoh, Zhang Ziyi, and Chang Chen.

The Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders and Miscellaneous Illnesses was collated by Zhang Zhongjing sometime between 196 and 220 CE, at the end of the Han dynasty.

After releasing Chiang and returning to Nanjing with him, Zhang was placed under house arrest and the generals who had assisted him were executed.

The title was briefly revived from 12 December 1915 to 22 March 1916 by President Yuan Shikai and again in early July 1917 when General Zhang Xun attempted to restore last Qing emperor Puyi to the throne.

The model of an egg was often used by Chinese astronomers like Zhang Heng ( 78-139 AD ) to describe the heavens as spherical:

During the Han dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing, who was mayor of Changsha near the end of the 2nd century AD, wrote a Treatise on Cold Damage, which contains the earliest known reference to the Neijing Suwen.

Early reference to the Chinese export of ivory is recorded after the Chinese explorer Zhang Qian ventured to the west to form alliances to enable for the eventual free movement of Chinese goods to the west ; as early as the first century BC, ivory was moved along the Northern Silk Road for consumption by western nations.

The new area was led by Allison Mankin and Scott Bradner, and had a directorate with 15 engineers from diverse backgrounds for direction-setting and preliminary document review: The working-group members were J. Allard ( Microsoft ), Steve Bellovin ( AT & T ), Jim Bound ( Digital Equipment Corporation ), Ross Callon ( Wellfleet ), Brian Carpenter ( CERN ), Dave Clark ( MIT ), John Curran ( NEARNET ), Steve Deering ( Xerox ), Dino Farinacci ( Cisco ), Paul Francis ( NTT ), Eric Fleischmann ( Boeing ), Mark Knopper ( Ameritech ), Greg Minshall ( Novell ), Rob Ullmann ( Lotus ), and Lixia Zhang ( Xerox ).

General Zhang Fakui ( Chang Fa-kuei ), who based himself in Guangxi, established the Viet Nam Cach Menh Dong Minh Hoi meaning " Viet Nam Revolutionary League " in 1942, which was assisted by the VNQDD to serve the KMT's aims.

General Zhang shrewdly blocked the Communists of Vietnam, and Ho Chi Minh from entering the league, as his main goal was Chinese influence in Indo China.

Tan was plotting to overthrow Governor Zhang and his pro-Japanese administration, and Mao aided him by organizing the students of Changsha.

In contrast, Zhang Zai presented a vitalistic Dao that was the fundamental component or effect of ch ' i, the motive energy behind life and the world.

Zhang Heng (; AD 78 – 139 ) was a Chinese astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, cartographer, artist, poet, statesman, and literary scholar from Nanyang, Henan.

When Bao De was recalled to the capital in 111, to serve as a minister of finance, Zhang continued his literary work at home in Xi ' e.

In 112, Zhang was summoned to the court of Emperor An of Han ( r. 106 – 125 ), who had heard of Zhang's expertise in mathematics.

When he was nominated to serve at the capital, Zhang was escorted by carriage — a symbol of his official status — to Luoyang, where he became a court gentleman working for the Imperial Secretariat.

As Chief Astronomer, Zhang was a subordinate of the Minister of Ceremonies, the latter one of Nine Ministers ranked just below the Three Excellencies.

In addition to recording heavenly observations and portents, preparing the calendar, and reporting which days were auspicious or not, Zhang was also in charge of an advanced literacy test for all candidates of the Imperial Secretariat and Censorate ( who were expected to know at least 9, 000 Chinese characters and all major writing styles ).

As Chief Astronomer, Zhang Heng earned a fixed salary and rank of 600 bushels of grain ( which was mostly commuted to payments in Chinese coins | coinage currency or bolts of silk ), and so he would have worn a specified type of robe, ridden in a specified type of carriage, and held a unique emblem that marked his status in the official hierarchy.

However, Zhang was barred from assisting the committee due to his controversial views on apocrypha and his objection to the relegation of Emperor Gengshi's ( r. 23 – 25 ) role in the restoration of the Han Dynasty as lesser than Emperor Guangwu's.

Despite this setback in his official career, Zhang was reappointed as Chief Astronomer in 126 after Emperor Shun of Han ( r. 125 – 144 ) ascended to the throne.

Zhang fantasized about her in his " Rhapsody on Contemplating the Mystery " ( 思玄賦 ), yet the pleasures of the flesh and immortality that she could offer were not tempting enough to sway his heart which was set elsewhere.

Zhang's work was similar to Ban's, although the latter fully praised the contemporaneous Eastern Han regime while Zhang provided a warning that it could suffer the same fate as the Western Han if it too declined into a state of decadence and moral depravity.

Wang Chong also accurately described the water cycle in meteorology, and argued against the mainstream ' radiating influence ' theory for solar eclipses, the latter of which was accepted by many, including Zhang Heng.

Dou Xian ( 50s – 92 ), brother-in-law of Emperor Zhang through his sister Empress Duo, utterly defeated the Northern Xiongnu in a series of campaigns during the Yongyuan era ( 89 – 105 ).

Wang Mang was considered one of the possibilities, while another was his cousin Chunyu Zhang ( the son of Empress Dowager Wang's sister ), who had a much closer personal relationship to Emperor Cheng than Wang Mang did.

Emperor Hui's wife was Empress Zhang Yan, a niece of his by his sister Princess Yuan of Lu ; their marriage was the result of insistence by Empress Dowager Lü and was a childless one.

She also closely associated with her distant cousin-once-removed Guo Zhang ( 郭彰 ), her sister Jia Wu ( 賈午 ), and Emperor Wu's concubine Zhao Chan ( 趙粲 ).

Xu married Zhang Youyi, ( the sister of the politician Junyou Zhang ) on October 10th, 1915.

Her title remained the same as her sister, Empress Zhang

Xiao Yan was Xiao Shunzhi's third son, and his mother was Xiao Shunzhi's wife Zhang Zhirou ( 張至柔 ), who was also the mother of his older brothers Xiao Yi ( 蕭懿 ) and Xiao Fu ( 蕭敷 ), his younger brother Xiao Chang ( 蕭暢 ), and his younger sister Xiao Linyi ( 蕭令嫕 ).

It was said that during this time period, Li Linfu made other attempts to undermine Li Heng, but with Gao Lishi and Zhang Shuo's son Zhang Ji ( 張垍 ), who had married Li Heng's sister Princess Ningqing, protecting Li Heng, Li Heng escaped unharmed each time.

At that time, her sister Xu Mi ( her name is not part of Unicode ), after the death of her husband Han Bao ( 韓寶 ) the Marquess of Long ' e, carried on an affair with Emperor Cheng's powerful cousin Chunyu Zhang, who was well-trusted by Emperor Cheng and considered a possible successor to their uncle Wang Gen as the commander of the armed forces.

Jingchou later was later joined by Yu Xiaoxue ( 于小雪 ), a white haired girl showing unusual magic potential, the Göktürks blooded Zhang Lie ( 張烈 ), and, Zhang's sister in law Tuoba Yu ' er ( 拓拔玉兒 ).

* Tang military leader Li Fuguo kills the wife of Suzong, Empress Zhang, and shortly afterward Suzong dies of a heart attack ; Daizong kills Li.

* Empress Zhang, second wife of Tang Dynasty Emperor Suzong

* Empress Zhang Yao ' er

* Empress Zhang, empress of Shu-Han and wife of Liu Shan

* Empress Zhang, wife of emperor Shi Zun

* 163 BC – Zhang Yan, known formally as Empress Xiaohui, empress of the Chinese Han Dynasty

He and Zhang ignored Empress Dowager Cixi's declaration of war against the foreign powers and continued to suppress the Boxers.

* Zhang Yan, known formally as Empress Xiaohui, empress of the Chinese Han Dynasty

In the following year, the older of these two sisters became Empress Zhangde, the wife of Emperor Zhang of Han, and lasted briefly as empress dowager and regent during the early reign of Emperor He of Han.

Since Empress Dowager Bian favored Cao Zhang, so Cao Pi had to make Cao Zhang's death seem natural.

But unfortunately for Cao Zhang, the crafty Cao Pi had secretly placed all the containers away beforehand, so Empress Dowager Bian failed to get the water ; Cao Zhang then died as a result.

Emperor Hui died in 188 BC and was succeeded by Liu Gong, one of the children Empress Zhang adopted.

Her first step was to install her maternal grandson Zhang Yan ( 張偃 ; Princess Yuan of Lu's son, Empress Zhang Yan's brother ) as the Prince of Lu.

Around 184 BC Emperor Qianshao ( Liu Gong ) discovered that he was not Empress Dowager Zhang Yan's son, and his birth mother was executed by the empress dowager.

He remarked that when he grew up he would make Empress Dowager Zhang pay for his mother's death.

In the winter of 8, after receiving a false prophecy written by the hoodlum Ai Zhang ( 哀章 ) which pretended to be a divine decree from Emperor Gaozu ( Liu Bang ) stating that the throne should be given to Wang, and that Grand Empress Dowager Wang should follow this divine will, Wang issued a decree accepting the position of emperor, establishing the Xin Dynasty.

* Grand Empress Dowager Zhang Yao ' er ( 566-568 ), during the reign of Emperor Fei

* Grand Empress Dowager Zhang ( 1435-1442 ), during the reign of Emperor Zhengtong

* Dou Xian-brother of Empress Dowager Dou and brother-in-law of Emperor Zhang of Han China.

Zhang Fei married her and they had a daughter, who became Empress Jing ' ai of Shu.

** Empress Zhang, married Liu Shan after the death of Empress Jing ' ai, accompanied Liu Shan to Luoyang after the fall of Shu