With the loss of the study of ancient Greek in the early medieval Latin West, Aristotle was practically unknown there from c. AD 600 to c. 1100 except through the Latin translation of the Organon made by Boethius.

The Astronomer ( Vermeer ) | The Astronomer by Johannes Vermeer ( c. 1668 )

Brygos ( potter signed ), Tondo of an Attic red-figure cup c. 470 BC, Louvre.

* Homer, Iliad ii. 595 – 600 ( c. 700 BCE )

Symbols on Gerzean pottery resembling Egyptian hieroglyphs date back to c. 4000 BC, suggesting a still earlier possible date.

According to Igor M. Diakonoff ( 1988: 33n ), Proto-Afroasiatic was spoken c. 10, 000 BC.

According to Christopher Ehret ( 2002: 35 – 36 ), Proto-Afroasiatic was spoken c. 11, 000 BC at the latest and possibly as early as c. 16, 000 BC.

The word can be traced from the Middle Egyptian ( c. 2000 BC ) word dj-b-t " mud sun-dried brick.

" As Middle Egyptian evolved into Late Egyptian, Demotic, and finally Coptic ( c. 600 BC ), dj-b-t became tobe " brick.

* 1283 – October 3 – Dafydd ap Gruffudd, the last native Prince of Wales ( b. c. 1238 )

** Juan Ruiz, Archpriest of Hita ( b. c. 1283 )

Welsh bardic tradition appears to end in the same 13th century, the Welsh campaigns of Edward I supposedly culminating in the legendary suicide of The Last Bard ( c. 1283 ), as commemorated in the poem The Bards of Wales by the Hungarian poet János Arany in 1857 as a way of encoded resistance to the suppressive politics of his own time.

* Yoshida Kenkō ( c. 1283 – 1352 ): Tsurezuregusa

Master James of Saint George ( c. 1230 – 1309 ), also known as Jacques de Saint-Georges d ' Espéranche, was an architect from Savoy responsible for designing many of Edward I's castles, including Conwy, Harlech and Caernarfon ( all begun in 1283 ) and Beaumaris in Anglesey ( begun 1295 ).

* Sir Robert Holland ( c. 1283 – 1328 ), nobleman, was murdered in Borehamwood on 15 Oct 1328.

* John ( 1283 – 1316 ), Baron of Charolais, married c. 1309 Jeanne d ' Argies and had issue

* John ( 1283 – 1316 ), Baron of Charolais, married c. 1309 Jeanne d ' Argies and had issue

* John of Montfort, Lord of Toron and Tyre ( c. 1240 – November 27, 1283, Tyre ), married September 22, 1268 Marguerite de Lusignan, titular Princess of Antioch

20 April 1277 Philippa ( d. c. 1283 ), daughter of Aymar III, Count of Valentinois, married thirdly Agathe de Mevouillon, Lady of Caromb

* c. 3000 BC: The Mehen board game from Predynastic Egypt, was played with lion-shaped game pieces and marbles.

* c. 1500 BC: Painting of board game at Knossos.

* SV — Save: number of games where the pitcher enters a game led by the pitcher's team, finishes the game without surrendering the lead, is not the winning pitcher, and either ( a ) the lead was three runs or fewer when the pitcher entered the game ; ( b ) the potential tying run was on base, at bat, or on deck ; or ( c ) the pitcher pitched three or more innings

In Egypt, 4000-year-old carvings feature teams with sticks and a projectile, hurling dates to before 1272 BC in Ireland, and there is a depiction from c. 600 BC in Ancient Greece where the game may have been called kerētízein or kerhtízein ( κερητίζειν ) because it was played with a horn or horn-like stick ( kéras, κέρας ) In Inner Mongolia, China, the Daur people have been playing beikou, a game similar to modern field hockey, for about 1, 000 years.

An early design of a collaborative storytelling game not based in simulation was created by Chris Engle c. 1988 with his Matrix Game.

Card from the Japanese game obake karuta ( monster cards ), c. early 19th century.

Card from the Japanese game Karuta | obake karuta, c. early 19th century.

The game spread Westwards after the Islamic conquest of Persia and a considerable body of literature on game tactics and strategy was produced from the 8th c. onwards.

c. 1030-Al-Biruni's India describes the game of chaturaji.

Another painting of this ancient game is from the Third Dynasty tomb of Hesy ( c. 2686 – 2613 BC ).

The game of bingo can be traced back to a lottery game called " Il Giuoco del Lotto d ' Italia " played in Italy in c. 1530.

It also has six promoted pieces in the initial position ( even a single promoted piece is considered something of a " cheat " in chess problems ), which is in any case illegal — it could not be reached in the course of a game ( one of the white f pawns must have made a capture, and the white and black b and c pawns must have made two captures between them, making three in total, yet only two units are missing from the board ).

Shigenobu Kusumoto of Osaka, Japan, invented or rediscovered the game c. 1970.

Elsa the lioness ( c. January 1956 to January 24, 1961 ) was raised by game warden George Adamson and his wife Joy Adamson in Kenya.

Cricket game at Wellington College, c. 1900

Obtaining money or property by bogus cheques, the confidence game, or three card monte, sleight of hand, fortune-telling, & c., is punishable by imprisonment for from one to ten years.

c: a word spelled and pronounced like another, but differing in meaning ( pool of water, and pool, the game ).

The game and associated activities are planned and executed by the Gator Bowl Association ( GBA ), a not-for-profit, 501 ( c ) 3 organization, founded in 1945, whose stated mission is to:

The time to traverse an AU is found to be τ < sub > A </ sub > =, resulting in the astronomical unit in metres as c < sub > 0 </ sub > τ < sub > A </ sub > =.

As the speed of light in meters per second ( c < sub > 0 </ sub >) is fixed in the International System of Units, this measurement of the speed of light in AU / d ( c < sub > AU </ sub >) also determines the value of the astronomical unit in meters ( A ):

Other early versions of mechanical devices used to perform one or another type of calculations include the planisphere and other mechanical computing devices invented by Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī ( c. AD 1000 ); the equatorium and universal latitude-independent astrolabe by Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī ( c. AD 1015 ); the astronomical analog computers of other medieval Muslim astronomers and engineers ; and the astronomical clock tower of Su Song ( c. AD 1090 ) during the Song Dynasty.

The Suryaprajnaptisutra, an astronomical work dating to the 3rd or 4th c. BC, written in Jain Prakrit language ( in Devanagari book script ), ca.

* c. 1000 – Ibn Yunus of Egypt publishes his astronomical treatise Al-Zij al-Hakimi al-Kabir.

* Publication of Johannes de Sacrobosco's De sphaera mundi ( written c. 1230 ) in Ferrara, the first printed astronomical book.

* c. 1600 BC: The creation of one of the oldest surviving astronomical documents, a copy of which was found in the Babylonian library of Ashurbanipal: a 21-year record of the appearances of Venus ( which the early Babylonians called Nindaranna ): Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa.

* c. 150 CE – Claudius Ptolemy completes his Almagest that codifies the astronomical knowledge of his time and cements the geocentric model in the West

It would have been natural to think that the number of seven archons was suggested to Saturninus by astronomical considerations ; and this supposition is verified by the statement in the later chapter ( c. 30 ) that the holy Hebdomas are the seven stars called planets.

* Lawrence Earnshaw ( c. 1707 – 12 May 1767 ) was an inventor and machine-maker, who made an astronomical clock, and a machine to spin and reel cotton in one operation.

** Johannes de Sacrobosco – De sphaera mundi ( written c. 1230 ), the first printed astronomical book

Use of the water clock as an aid to astronomical calculations dates back to the Old Babylonian period ( c. 2000 BCE – c.

The first European clock to employ these complex gears was the astronomical clock created by Giovanni de Dondi in c. 1365.

Ibn Yunus ' most famous work in Islamic astronomy, al-Zij al-Kabir al-Hakimi ( c. 1000 ), was a handbook of astronomical tables which contained very accurate observations, many of which may have been obtained with very large astronomical instruments.

The second planet HD 74156 c is a long-period, massive planet ( at least 8 times the mass of Jupiter ), which orbits the star in an elliptical orbit with a semimajor axis of 3. 90 astronomical units.

* < cite id =" fn_c "> Note c :</ cite > That Europa and to a lesser extent Titan ( respectively, 3. 5 and 8 astronomical units outside the Sun ’ s putative habitable zone ) are considered prime extraterrestrial possibilities underscores the problematic nature of the HZ criterion.