However, these reforms led to higher government spending which increased the fiscal deficit and public sector debt, the financing of which required higher interest rates.

This is attributed to fiscal adjustment measures aimed at improving public financing, as well as reforms in port management.

The second, " the financing decision " relates to how these investments are to be funded: capital here is provided by shareholders, in the form of equity ( privately or via an initial public offering ), creditors, often in the form of bonds, and the firm's operations ( cash flow ).

On the negative side, public sector wage increases and regional peacekeeping commitments have led to continued inflationary deficit financing, depreciation of the Cedi, and rising public discontent with Ghana's austerity measures.

The country is still facing the difficult task of reconstruction and recovery, while public debt is unsustainable and the government faces large financing gaps.

External financing — mostly bilateral credit from the United States — rose dramatically until it reached 87 percent of the public deficit in 1985, rising even further in subsequent years.

During his term, the unpopular program of cuts in public expenses was implemented, together with a hardly successful reform of health care financing.

The thrust of the new laws has public financing predominate over private contributions to political parties, tightens procedures for auditing the political parties, and strengthens the authority and independence of electoral institutions.

In response to the threatened loss of the Twins, the Minnesota private and public sector negotiated and approved a financing package for a replacement stadium — a baseball-only outdoor, natural turf ballpark in the Warehouse District of downtown Minneapolis — owned by a new entity known as the Minnesota Ballpark Authority.

Target Field was constructed at a cost of $ 544. 4 million ( including site acquisition and infrastructure ), utilizing the proceeds of a $ 392 million public bond offering based on a 0. 15 percent sales tax in Hennepin County and private financing of $ 185 million provided by the Pohlad family.

A public organization would not be as productive due to the lack of financing allocated by the entire government's budget that must consider other areas of the economy.

There is a cap on spending, at approximately 20 million euros, and government public financing of 50 % of spending if the candidate scores more than 5 %.

The accomplished publisher also gained a flair for public speaking, and Harding in 1899 was elected to fill the Ohio State Senate seat for the 13th Senatorial District, despite Amos Kling's financing of a primary opponent.

The treasure fleets of Spain and Portugal were targeted by their opponents, and colonial outposts were subjected to raids that were often executed by either privateering fleets outfitted for profit by merchants and nobles, or they included a combination of public and private financing of their efforts.

In 1971 Lewis F. Powell Jr. urged conservatives to retake command of public discourse by " financing think tanks, reshaping mass media and seeking influence in universities and the judiciary.

Roosevelt also called for public financing of federal candidates via their political parties.

In 1974, fueled by public reaction to the Watergate Scandal, Congress passed amendments to the Act establishing a comprehensive system of regulation and enforcement, including public financing of presidential campaigns and creation of a central enforcement agency, the Federal Election Commission.

The court struck down, as infringement on free speech, limits on candidate expenditures ( unless the candidate accepts public financing ) and certain other limits on spending.

In 1994, Senate Democrats had more bills blocked by Republicans including a bill setting spending limits and authorizing partial public financing of congressional elections.

The voting with dollars plan would establish a system of modified public financing coupled with an anonymous campaign contribution process.

In the context of the 2004 election cycle $ 50 multiplied by the approximately 120 million people who voted would have yielded about $ 6 billion in “ public financing ” compared to the approximate $ 4 billion spent in 2004 for all federal elections ( House, Senate and Presidential races ) combined.

Additionally they argue this public finance scheme would address taxpayers ' concerns that they have " no say " in where public financing monies are spent, whereas in the Voting with dollars system each taxpayer who votes has discretion over their contribution.

Much of the economic growth in the 1980s was based on debt financing, and the debt defaults led to a savings and loan crisis. A total of over 10 billion euros were used to bail out failing banks, which led to banking sector consolidation.

The IFC increasingly invested in private energy from 1966 to 1994, financing 34 projects in the electric power sector worth approximately $ 7. 4 billion USD ($ 11. 5 billion in 2012 dollars ).

The management of any health system is typically directed through a set of policies and plans adopted by government, private sector business and other groups in areas such as personal health care delivery and financing, pharmaceuticals, health human resources, and public health.

The purpose of these instruments was to address the various forms of corruption ( involving the public sector, the private sector, the financing of political activities, etc.

By complementing the private sector, OPIC can provide financing in countries where conventional financial institutions often are reluctant or unable to lend.

In all countries and jurisdictions, there are many topics in the politics and evidence that can influence the decision of a government, private sector business or other group to adopt a specific health policy regarding the financing structure.

The private sector has taken some tasks from the local government as the latter has proven ineffective in tackling most of the above problems, while foreign institutions are financing public infrastructure and town planning projects.

The reason is that the non-tradable sector uses the value of its production, its physical capital or any other asset as a guarantee to access financing from a bank ; however more often than not, the collateral put forth by firms is denominated in domestic currency while its liabilities to the bank are denominated in foreign currency, thus during the bust, production diminishes and the foreign currency value of its collateral plummets, and the firm maybe forced to default on its debt.

The owner states of Gulf Air at that time — the Kingdom of Bahrain, the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, and the Sultanate of Oman — confirmed their support for further expansion of the airline through a new three-year strategic plan which would include re-equipment of the aircraft fleet and recapitalization of the business through private sector financing.

( g ) a Canadian ownership levy to assist in financing the acquisition of the Canadian operations of one or more multinational oil companies, with the objective of achieving at least 50 per cent Canadian ownership of oil and gas production by 1990, Canadian control of a significant number of the major oil and gas corporations, and an early increase in the share of the oil and gas sector owned by the Government of Canada.

In the infrastructure sector, complex arrangements and contracts that guarantee and secure the cash flows make PPP projects prime candidates for project financing.

The review also found that while private financing had been included in the project budget, no funds had been offered or provided by the private sector.

The company was formed as North and South Railways in 1995 by a consortium headed by Wisconsin Central, with additional financing provided by the financial sector, including Berkshire Partners and Fay Richwhite.

Among them is the principle that Ex-Im Bank does not compete with private sector lenders, but rather provides financing for transactions that would otherwise not take place because commercial lenders are either unable or unwilling to accept the political or commercial risks inherent in the deal.

The EU therefore plans to develop clusters, financing instruments as well as foresight activities to support this sector.

Piraeus Bank Group engages in retail banking, the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises ( SMEs ), capital markets, investment banking, leasing, real estate and financing of the shipping sector.

Douste-Blazy is also in charge of organizing the first World Conference of Non-Governmental Donors, with a special focus on the financing for development provided by citizens, local and regional authorities, foundations, non-governmental organizations, economic and social representatives, faith groups and the private sector.

Build – operate – transfer ( BOT ) or build – own – operate – transfer ( BOOT ) is a form of project financing, wherein a private entity receives a concession from the private or public sector to finance, design, construct, and operate a facility stated in the concession contract.

The community is part of the City of Thousand Oaks, whose economy is based on a small range of businesses, with biotechnology, electronics, automotive, aerospace, telecommunications, healthcare, and financing occupying most of Thousand Oaks ' employment sector.