The current resistance to Russian rule has its roots in the late 18th century ( 1785 – 1791 ), a period when Russia expanded into territories formerly under the dominion of Turkey and Persia ( see also the Russo-Turkish Wars and Russo-Persian War ( 1804 – 1813 )), under Mansur Ushurma — a Chechen Naqshbandi ( Sufi ) Sheikh — with wavering support from other North Caucasian tribes.

A few important commissions came to him ; the French governor of Rome asked him to paint Virgil reading the Aeneid ( 1812 ) for his residence, and to paint two colossal works — Romulus's victory over Acron ( 1812 ) and The Dream of Ossian ( 1813 )— for Monte Cavallo, a former Papal residence undergoing renovation to become Napoleon's Roman palace.

They had re-discovered the route that Robert Stuart had taken in 1813 — eleven years before.

King Louis did not perform to Napoleon's expectations — he tried to serve Dutch interests instead of his brother's — and the kingdom was dissolved in 1810 after which the Netherlands were annexed by France until 1813.

The genius of Ivar Aasen ( 1813 — 1898 ) was at the heart of this effort.

It was named after John R. Coffee, a hero in the Creek War of 1813 — 14.

Residents ' devotion to the cause during the War of 1812 led to the formation of the Petersburg Volunteers — who distinguished themselves in action at the Siege of Fort Meigs on May 5, 1813.

The first time was in June 1813, when Randall ’ s regiment — which consisted of about 300 men, equally from Stonington and North Stonington — force-marched overnight in driving rain to Groton to help defend the city against a feared landing by British naval forces.

New Albany was founded in July 1813 when three brothers from Albany, New York — Joel, Abner, and Nathaniel Scribner — arrived at the Falls of the Ohio and named the site after their home.

The Borough of Princeton — created on February 11, 1813 within the area that later became Princeton Township — became a fully independent municipality circa 1894.

Some cities — though also members of different confederacies at that time — officially became sovereign city-states in the 19th century — such as the Canton of Basel City ( 1833 – 48 ), the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen ( 1806 – 11 and again 1813 – 71 ), the Free City of Frankfurt upon Main ( 1815 – 66 ), the Canton of Geneva ( 1813 – 48 ), the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg ( 1806 – 11 and again 1814 – 71 ) and the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck ( 1806 – 11 and again 1813 – 71 ).

The soldiers of Wellington's army who died besieging the citadelle in 1813 are buried in the nearby English Cemetery, visited by Queen Victoria and other British dignitaries when staying in Biarritz.

* 1813 – Sir Henry Bessemer, English inventor ( d. 1898 )

* 1726 – Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham, English sailor and politician ( d. 1813 )

E. Strachey published the work of Bhāskara I in English in 1813.

* November 10 – Granville Sharp, English abolitionist ( d. 1813 )

* February 20 – Henry James Pye, English poet ( d. 1813 )

Humphry Davy, an English chemist was among the first to expound on the chemical basis of soil fertility and wrote in 1813: “ If land be unproductive, and a system of ameliorating it is to be attempted, the sure method of obtaining the object is to determine the cause of the sterility, which must necessarily depend upon some defect in the constitution of the soil, which may be easily discovered by chemical analysis .” His ideas were not immediately accepted.

* Edward August Bond ( 1813 – 1898 ), English scientist

Sir Henry Bessemer ( 19 January 1813 – 15 March 1898 ) was an English engineer, inventor, and businessman.

The Spanish Bourbons ( in Spain the name is spelled Borbón and rendered into English as Borbon ) have been overthrown and restored several times, reigning 1700 – 1808, 1813 – 1868, 1875 – 1931, and 1975 to the present day.

As a compromise, at the union of two rival Grand Lodges in 1813 ( one of which considered the Royal Arch a ' Fourth Degree ', whilst the other almost totally ignored it ) English Freemasonry recognised the Royal Arch as part of " pure, ancient masonry ", but stated that it was not an additional degree, but merely the " completion of the third degree ".

Charles Badham ( 19 July 1813 – 27 February 1884 ) was an English university professor, active in Australia.

Robert Southey ( or ; 12 August 1774 – 21 March 1843 ) was an English poet of the Romantic school, one of the so-called " Lake Poets ", and Poet Laureate for 30 years from 1813 to his death in 1843.

It was published in 1811-1812 in Berlin ; this was followed by an English translation, published in London in 1813 and subsequently by French, Dutch, Danish, Swedish, and Italian.

* John Boles Watson ( c. 1748 – 1813 ), English theatre builder

* William Smith ( lexicographer ) ( 1813 – 1893 ), English lexicographer

In May 1813, while making for Canada, the English packet-ship Manchester was attacked by an American privateer.

Mark Pattison ( 10 October 1813 – 30 July 1884 ) was an English author and a Church of England priest.

The Hebräische Grammatik, published in 1813 ( 28th edition by Emil Kautzsch ; English translation by Arthur Ernest Cowley, 1910 ; 29th edition by Gotthelf Bergstrasser, 1918 – 29 ), was followed in 1815 by the Geschichte der hebräischen Sprache ( now very rare ), and in 1817 by the Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der hebräischen Sprache.

The Manuductio was translated into English in 1813, under the title A Guide to the Reading and Study of the Holy Scriptures.

In 1813 Chevreul was appointed professor of chemistry at the Lycée Charlemagne, and subsequently undertook the directorship of the Gobelins tapestry works, where he carried out his researches on colour contrasts ( De la loi du contraste simultané des couleurs, 1839 ; the 1854 English translation is titled The Principles of Harmony and Contrast of Colors ).

The Christian hymn " Be Still, My Soul ", written in German (" Stille meine Wille, dein Jesus hilft siegen ") in 1752 by Katharina Amalia Dorothea von Schlegel ( 1697 – 1768 ) and translated into English in 1855 by Jane Laurie Borthwick ( 1813 – 1897 ), is usually sung to this tune.

* February 20-Henry James Pye, English poet ( died 1813 )

Pitman shorthand is a system of shorthand for the English language developed by Englishman Sir Isaac Pitman ( 1813 – 1897 ), who first presented it in 1837.

In 1813, John Williams, a missionary on the Endeavour ( not the same ship as Cook's ), made the first official sighting of the island Rarotonga.

* Ludwig Jacoby, ( 1813 – 1874 ), born in Altstrelitz, an author and Methodist clergyman, commissioned as a missionary to St. Louis, Missouri, by the founder of the German Methodist Church in America, William Nast ( 1807 – 1899 ).

David Livingstone ( 19 March 1813 – 1 May 1873 ) was a Scottish Congregationalist pioneer medical missionary with the London Missionary Society and an explorer in Africa.

* David Livingstone ( 1813 – 1873 ) – Scottish missionary and explorer in central Africa.

Évariste Régis Huc, or Abbé Huc, ( 1813 – 1860 ) was a French missionary traveller, famous for his accounts of China, Tartary and Tibet.

* Évariste Régis Huc ( 1813 – 1860 ), French Roman Catholic missionary in China, Tartary and Tibet

* Erastus Wentworth ( 1813 – 1886 ), educator, Methodist Episcopal minister and missionary to China

* David Livingstone 1813 – 1873, Scottish missionary explorer of Africa, best known bearer of the name and namesake of numerous places

When William Milne ( missionary ) ( 1785 – 1822, another missionary sent by the London Missionary Society ) arrived at Guangzhou in 1813 and worked with Morrison on translation of the Bible, he also came to know Liang Fa.

Across the road is the little mud house in which the first missionary, Charles Pacalt of the London Missionary Society, lived after arriving in 1813.

* Erastus Wentworth ( 1813 — 1886 ), an educator, a Methodist Episcopal minister, and a missionary to China

Famous LMS missionaries included Robert Morrison ( missionary ) ( 1782-1834 ) who went to China in 1807, John Abbs ( 1810-1888 ) who went to Travancore, India in 1837, the sinologist James Legge ( 1815-1897 ), and David Livingstone ( 1813 – 1873 ) who went to South Africa in 1840.