A 2004 Cochrane review found that spinal manipulation may be effective for migraine and tension headache, and that spinal manipulation and neck exercises may be effective for cervicogenic headache.

A 2004 Cochrane review found that spinal manipulation ( SM ) was no more or less effective than other commonly used therapies such as pain medication, physical therapy, exercises, back school or the care given by a general practitioner which was supported by a 2006 and 2008 review.

A 2004 Cochrane review found that spinal manipulation ( SM ) was no more or less effective than other commonly used therapies such as pain medication, physical therapy, exercises, back school or the care given by a general practitioner.

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