The exact chronology of the early wars are uncertain, as a 525 inscription mentions the death of a King of Himyar, which could refer either to the Himyarite viceory of Aksum, Sumyafa ' Ashwa ', or to Yusuf Asar Yathar.

King GDRT of Aksum acted by dispatching troops under his son, BYGT, sending them from the western coast to occupy Zafar, the Himyarite capital, as well as from the southern coast against Hadramaut as Sabaean allies.

After the disintegration of the first Himyarite empire of the Kings of Saba ' and Dhu-Raydan, the Middle Sabaean Kingdom reappeared in the early 2nd century.

A closer examination reveals connections with the Central Semitic language family including: Aramiac, Phoenician, Hebrew, and Nabatean, which is closely related to the Southern Semitic languages Minaean, Sabaean, Qatabanian, Awsanian, Hadhramaut, and Himyarite.

Sabaean ( Sabaic ), also known as Himyarite ( Himyaritic ), was an Old South Arabian language spoken in Yemen from c. 1000 BC to the 6th century AD, by the Sabaeans ; it was used as a written language by some other peoples ( sha ‘ bs ) of Ancient Yemen, including the Hashidites, Sirwahites, Humlanites, Ghaymanites, Himyarites, Radmanites etc.

Although Saba ' was previously allied with Aksum against Himyar, both Himyarite and Sabaean troops were used in the attack against Hadramaut.

GDRT of Aksum began to interfere in South Arabian affairs, signing an alliance with Saba ', and a Himyarite text notes that Hadramaut and Qataban were also all allied against the kingdom.

As a result of this, the Kingdom of Aksum was able to capture the Himyarite capital of Zafar in the first quarter of the 3rd century.

According to Procopius ( Histories 1. 20 ), ' Abraha seized the control of Yemen from Esimiphaeus ( Sumuafa ' Ashawa '), the Christian Himyarite viceroy appointed by Kaléb, with the support of dissident elements within the Aksum occupation force who were eager to settle in the Yemen, then a rich and fertile land.

Aksum lost a battle as a result of the Saba '- Himyar alliance, allowing the South Arabian forces to expel GDRT's son BYGT and his forces from the Himyarite capital Zafar, which had previously been held by Aksum after the Aksum-Hadramaut-Qataban-Saba alliance.

By the 1st century BC Saba ' a was declining gradually and its southern neighbor Himyar was able to settle many Nomadic tribes that was allied to Saba ' a and create a stronger Himyarite nation in the lowlands.

The tribes were the M ' ain, Qataban, Hadhramaut, Saba and Himyarite.

Kaleb installed a native Himyarite viceroy, Sumyafa ' Ashwa ', who ruled until 525, when he was deposed by the Aksumite general ( or soldier and former slave ) Abraha with the support of disgruntled Ethiopian soldiers.

Others speculate that the name comes from the Arabic word salt ( scrubbing ), which also has the more specific meaning of ' scrubbing olive from its tree ', with M in the beginning being a variant of the Himyarite definite article am -.

The kingdom of Hadramaut was eventually conquered by the Himyarite king Shammar Yuhar ' ish around 300 CE, unifying all of the South Arabian kingdoms.

* The Kingdom of Himyarite is conquered by the Hadramaut.

The Sakasic were a Himyarite tribe that settled Northern Egypt around 3rd century AD.

The Banu Quda ' a were a Himyarite tribe that was exiled from Yemen following the trials of the Lakhmids and they settled The Southern part of the Lakhmid Kingdom in the Samawa region.

Their lands were divided between the new Qahtanite Arab tribal kingdoms of the Byzantine vassals the Ghassanid Arabs and the Himyarite vassals the Kindah Arab Kingdom in North Arabia.

De Maigret also reports that in 1951, three inscriptions were found just north of al-Ukhdud, which refer to a military campaign led by Dhū Nuwas ( where he is called Yūsuf Asar Yathar ), and are dated to the year 633 of the Himyarite era, equivalent to AD 518 or 523.

Najran fell in 518 or 523 and many members of the Himyarite Christian community were put to death evoking great sympathy throughout the Christian regions of the Orient and prompting an Aksumite military intervention aided by a Byzantine fleet first made in 518 / 523.

At his insistence, the two Jewish savants accompanied the Himyarite king back to his capital, where he demanded that all his people convert to Judaism.

Dhu Nuwas, the Jewish Himyarite ruler of Yemen, in the period c. 523-525 or c. 518-20 launched military operations against the Aksumites Christians and their local Arab Christian allies.

Procopius, John of Ephesus, and other contemporary historians recount Kaleb's invasion of Yemen around 520, against the Jewish Himyarite king Yusuf Asar Yathar ( also known as Dhu Nuwas ), who was persecuting the Christians in his kingdom.

The Himyarite Kingdom or Himyar ( in Arabic مملكة ح ِ م ْ ي َ ر mamlakat ħimyâr ) ( r. 110 BC – 520s ), historically referred to as the Homerite Kingdom by the Greeks and the Romans, was a kingdom in ancient Yemen.

In 611, Sassanid Persia invaded the Byzantine Empire and, after a long siege, Chosroes II captured Jerusalem in 614, with Jewish help, including possibly the Jewish Himyarite Kingdom in Yemen.

From their capital city, the Himyarite Kings launched successful military campaigns, and had stretched its domain at times as far east as the Persian Gulf and as far north to the Arabian Desert.

Dhu Nuwas, a Himyarite king, changed the state religion to Judaism in the beginning of the 6th century and began to massacre the Christians.

Upon gaining power, Yusuf attacked the Aksumite garrison in Zafar, the Himyarite capital, killing many and destroying the church there.

* Yūsuf Dhū-Nuwas seizes the throne of the Himyarite Kingdom in Yemen.

Early Muslim chronicler Ibn Ishaq tells of a pre-Islamic conflict between the last Yemenite king of the Himyarite Kingdom and the residents of Yathrib.

Recently, seals have come to light in South Arabia datable to the Himyarite age.

; 500 – 523: Yosef Dhu Nuwas, King of Himyarite Kingdom ( Modern Yemen ) converting to Judaism, upgrading existing Yemenese Jewish center.

Other works include: De Pentateuchi Samaritana origine, indole, et auctoritate ( 1815 ), supplemented in 1822 and 1824 by the treatise De Samaritanorum theologia, and by an edition of Carmina Samaritana ; Paläographische Studien über phönizische u. punische Schrift ( 1835 ), a pioneering work which he followed up in 1837 by his collection of Phoenician monuments ( Scripturae linguaeque Phoeniciae monumenta quotquot supersunt ); an Aramaic lexicon ( 1834 – 1839 ); and a treatise on the Old South Arabian language, then called Himyarite, written in conjunction with Rödiger in 1841.

Coin of the Himyarite Kingdom, southern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, in which stopped ships between Egypt and India passed.

A recently published inscription from Aphrodisias confirms that he was head of one of the Schools at Athens and gives his full name as Titus Aurelius Alexander.

An inscription confirms the struggle between the native Egyptian and the foreign soldiery, and proves that Apries was killed and honourably buried in the third year of Amasis ( c. 567 B. C. E .).

The inscription Panyu 番禺 on tomb bricks further confirms the dating, since, according to historical records, Panyu was the name of the county to which the present territory of Hong Kong belonged during the Han Dynasty.

The sources for Pilate's life are the four canonical gospels, Philo of Alexandria, Josephus, a brief mention by Tacitus, and an inscription known as the Pilate Stone, which confirms his historicity and establishes his title as prefect.

An inscription of ownership on an expensive Egyptian alabaster vase once owned by the son has survived to attest the latter's short official career, and includes an unusual triple filiation which confirms the literary evidence to the effect that Clodius ' own filiation was: Ap.

Haddola inscription confirms that Gurjar Pratihars continued to rule in this region during reign of Mahipala I too.

The historian Rama Shankar Tripathi states that the Rajor inscription confirms the Gurjara origin of the Pratiharas.

Whatever the origin of the name, we have an inscription in Gruter's work, which confirms their function: ANCHIALVS.

The existence of this and other choregic inscription steles verifies the identification of our site as the classical demos of Ikaria, and confirms as well the town ’ s reputation as host of the yearly " Dionysia " theatrical contests, where plays by the famous fifth century B. C.