This specific Langmuir probe is on a mission to study the space plasma around the 67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko | comet.

The beginning of Langmuir probe theory is the I-V characteristic of the Debye sheath, that is, the current density flowing to a surface in a plasma as a function of the voltage drop across the sheath.

Uncertainties of this magnitude arise several places in the analysis of Langmuir probe data and are very difficult to resolve.

Understanding electron saturation is one of the most important outstanding problems of Langmuir probe theory.

Collisions between ions and electrons will also affect the I-V characteristic of a Langmuir probe.

A Langmuir probe can be purchased off the shelf for on the order of 15, 000 U. S. dollars, or they can be built by an experienced researcher and / or technician.

* Floating, being electrically disconnected from an electronic power source, for example a floating-gate transistor ; non-connected to any circuit, for example floating potential acquired by a floating electrode in electrochemistry ( e. g., see Langmuir probe # Floating_potential )

Langmuir probe measurements are based on the estimation of current versus voltage characteristics of a circuit consisting of two metallic electrodes that are both immersed in the plasma under study.

Conventional Langmuir probe theory assumes collisionless movement of charge carriers in the space charge sheath around the probe.

The general theoretical description of a Langmuir probe measurement requires the simultaneous solution of the Poisson equation, the collision-free Boltzmann equation, and the continuity equation with regard to the boundary condition at the probe surface and requiring that, at large distances from the probe, the solution approaches that expected in an undisturbed plasma.

Nonlinear effects like the I-V-characteristic of the boundary sheath are utilized for Langmuir probe measurements but they are usually neglected for modelling of RF discharges due to their very inconvenient mathematical treatment.

They installed an electromagnetic energy measuring device, ( Langmuir probe ) on Pirs, removed the Russian Biorisk long-duration experiment, installed the Exposing Specimens of Organic and Biological Materials to Open Space ( Expose-R ) experiment package on Zvezda, but subsequently removed it after it failed to activate and transmit telemetry on ground command.

* Langmuir probe, an electrode inserted into a plasma to determine temperature and density

** Langmuir probe

The position that " Christian theological anti-Judaism is a phenomenon distinct from modern antisemitism, which is rooted in economic and racial thought, so that Christian teachings should not be held responsible for antisemitism " has been articulated, among other places, by Pope John Paul II in ' We Re member: A Reflection on the Shoah ,' and the Jewish declaration on Christianity, Dabru Emet .. Several scholars, including Susannah Heschel, Gavin I Langmuir and Uriel Tal the General Synod has affirmed that " the good news of salvation in Jesus Christ is for all and must be shared with all including people from other faiths or of no faith and that to do anything else would be to institutionalize discrimination ".

Langmuir said a pathological science is an area of research that simply will not " go away "— long after it was given up on as ' false ' by the majority of scientists in the field.

Pathological science, as defined by Langmuir, is a psychological process in which a scientist, originally conforming to the scientific method, unconsciously veers from that method, and begins a pathological process of wishful data interpretation ( see the Observer-expectancy effect, and cognitive bias ).

Although this is the expression usually given in theoretical discussions of Langmuir probes, the derivation is not rigorous and the experimental basis is weak.

Debye sheath theory explains the basic behavior of Langmuir probes, but is not complete.

The theory of Langmuir probes is much more complex when the plasma is magnetized.

The Langmuir adsorption equation is used to model monolayer adsorption where all surface adsorption sites have the same affinity for the adsorbing species.

A Langmuir monolayer or insoluble monolayer is a one-molecule thick layer of an insoluble organic material spread onto an aqueous subphase.

The Langmuir isotherm is nonetheless the first choice for most models of adsorption, and has many applications in surface kinetics ( usually called Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics ) and thermodynamics.

Langmuir suggested that adsorption takes place through this mechanism:, where A is a gas molecule and S is an adsorption site.

Often molecules do form multilayers, that is, some are adsorbed on already adsorbed molecules and the Langmuir isotherm is not valid.

x is the pressure divided by the vapor pressure for the adsorbate at that temperature ( usually denoted ), v is the STP volume of adsorbed adsorbate, v < sub > mon </ sub > is the STP volume of the amount of adsorbate required to form a monolayer and c is the equilibrium constant K we used in Langmuir isotherm multiplied by the vapor pressure of the adsorbate.

With this new device Langmuir showed that amphiphillic films are truly monolayers, and these monolayers are oriented on the surface such that the “ active or most hydrophilic portion of the surface molecules are in contact with the liquid below whereas the hydrophobic portions of the molecules are pointing up toward the air.

The Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research near Socorro, New Mexico was named in his honor as was the American Chemical Society journal for Surface Science, called Langmuir.

Synchrotron radiation was named after its discovery in a General Electric synchrotron accelerator built in 1946 and announced in May 1947 by Frank Elder, Anatole Gurewitsch, Robert Langmuir, and Herb Pollock in a letter entitled " Radiation from Electrons in a Synchrotron ".

An American named Irving Langmuir helped introduce a new generation of totally air-evacuated " hard " valves.

Langmuir – Blodgett films are named after Irving Langmuir and Katharine B. Blodgett, who invented this technique while working in Research and Development for General Electric Co. An alternative technique of creating single monolayers on surfaces is that of self-assembled monolayers.

It is named after American physicist Irving Langmuir.

Plasma oscillations, also known as " Langmuir waves " ( after Irving Langmuir ), are rapid oscillations of the electron density in conducting media such as plasmas or metals.

This equation is known as Child's Law, after Clement Dexter Child ( 1868 – 1933 ), who first published it in 1911, or as the Child – Langmuir Law, honoring as well Irving Langmuir, who discovered it independently and published in 1913.

Shortly after Langmuir described the transfer of amphiphilic films from water surfaces to solid surfaces ( Langmuir, 1920 ).

While at General Electric, from 1909 – 1950, Langmuir advanced several basic fields of physics and chemistry, invented the gas-filled incandescent lamp, the hydrogen welding technique, and was awarded the 1932 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in surface chemistry.

The term was first used by Irving Langmuir, Nobel Prize-winning chemist, during a 1953 colloquium at the Knolls Research Laboratory.

* August 16 – Irving Langmuir, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate ( b. 1881 )

* January 31 – Irving Langmuir, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1957 )

The Nobel Prize-winning chemist Irving Langmuir, who worked with Vonnegut's older brother Bernard at GE, became the model for Dr. Felix Hoenikker.

* August 16-Irving Langmuir ( born 1881 ), chemist and physicist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932.

Two members of the Stevens community, as alumni or faculty, have been awarded the Nobel Prize: Frederick Reines ( class of 1939 ), in Physics, and Irving Langmuir ( Chemistry faculty 1906-1909 ), in chemistry.

* Irving Langmuir, chemist and physicist and winner of the 1932 Nobel Prize for Chemistry

Following ideas generated between himself and Nobel laureate Irving Langmuir while climbing Mt.

Heterogeneous catalysis has attracted Nobel prizes for Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch in 1918, Irving Langmuir in 1932, and Gerhard Ertl in 2007.

* Irving Langmuir ( 1881 – 1957 ), an American Nobel Prize-winning chemist and physicist known for:

In 1938 Irving Langmuir, recipient of the 1932 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, examined the claim in detail and refuted the estimate.

While working in the public relations office at General Electric, Vonnegut came across a story of how Langmuir, who won the 1932 Nobel Prize for his work at General Electric, was charged with the responsibility of entertaining the author H. G.

Langmuir won the Nobel prize in chemistry for this work in 1932.

Through this work in surface chemistry and with the help of Blodgett, Langmuir was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1932.