With the loss of the study of ancient Greek in the early medieval Latin West, Aristotle was practically unknown there from c. AD 600 to c. 1100 except through the Latin translation of the Organon made by Boethius.

Alfred lamented in the preface to his translation of Gregory's Pastoral Care that " learning had declined so thoroughly in England that there were very few men on this side of the Humber who could understand their divine services in English, or even translate a single letter from Latin into English: and I suppose that there were not many beyond the Humber either ".

Alfred's first translation was of Pope Gregory the Great's Pastoral Care, which he prefaced with an introduction explaining why he thought it necessary to translate works such as this one from Latin into English.

Latin translation of Abū Maʿshar's De Magnis Coniunctionibus (‘ Of the great Conjunction ( astronomy and astrology ) | conjunctions ’), Venice, 1515. Astrology was taken up by Islamic scholars following the collapse of Alexandria to the Arabs in the 7th century, and the founding of the Abbasid empire in the 8th.

A 15th-century Latin translation of Plato's Timaeus

Only after the translation into Latin and the addition of commentary by van Schooten in 1649 ( and further work thereafter ) did Descarte's masterpiece receive due recognition.

The intended meaning was likely the first, which would be translated as Latin causātīvus or effectīvus, but the Latin term was a translation of the second.

Pococke's complete Latin translation was eventually published by Joseph White of Oxford in 1800.

The Latin translation helped the Life become one of the best known works of literature in the Christian world, a status it would hold through the Middle Ages.

Oreichalkos, the Ancient Greek translation of this term, was later adapted to the Latin aurichalcum meaning " golden copper " which became the standard term for brass.

He had access to two works of Eusebius: the Historia Ecclesiastica, and also the Chronicon, though he had neither in the original Greek ; instead he had a Latin translation of the Historia, by Rufinus, and Saint Jerome's translation of the Chronicon.

He knew rhetoric, and often used figures of speech and rhetorical forms which cannot easily be reproduced in translation, depending as they often do on the connotations of the Latin words.

He had a Latin translation by Evagrius of Athanasius's Life of Antony, and a copy of Sulpicius Severus ' Life of St. Martin.

This remarkable text, originally written in Latin, is extant only in the 1549 translation of Bishop John Ponet.

Jerome, in the introduction to his Latin translation of the books of Samuel and Kings ( part of the Vulgate ), referred to the book as a chronikon (" Chronicles " in English ).

They were first divided into separate books by the early Christian scholar Origen, in the 3rd century AD, and the separation became entrenched in the 5th century AD when it was followed by Jerome in his Latin translation of the Bible.

1 and 2 Samuel were originally ( and still is in some Jewish bibles ) a single book, but the first Greek translation, produced in the centuries immediately before Christ, divided it into two ; this was adopted by the Latin translation used in the early Christian church of the West, and finally introduced into Jewish bibles around the early 16th century CE.

The Greek Orthodox branch of Christianity continues to use the Greek translation ( the Septuagint ), but when a Latin translation ( called the Vulgate ) was made for the Western church, Kingdoms was first retitled the Book of Kings, parts One to Four, and eventually both Kings and Samuel were separated into two books each.

Jerome recognized them as additions not present in the Hebrew Text and placed them at the end of his Latin translation as chapters 10: 4-16: 24.

In his 1534 translation, William Tyndale translated the phrase in Jonah 2: 1 as " greate fyshe ," and he translated the word ketos ( Greek ) or cetus ( Latin ) in as " whale ".

Latin epigrams could be composed as inscriptions or graffiti, such as this one from Pompeii, which exists in several versions and seems from its inexact meter to have been composed by a less educated person.

Below is the conjugation of the verb to be in the present tense ( of the infinitive, if it exists, and indicative moods ), in English, German, Dutch, Afrikaans, Icelandic, Swedish, Norwegian, Latvian, Bulgarian, Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian, Polish, Slovenian, Hindi, Persian, Latin, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Albanian, Armenian, Irish, Ancient Attic Greek and Modern Greek.

* A language descended from the pre-Roman inhabitants, though Welsh exists as a living minority language, with many borrowings from Latin, such as llaeth (" milk "), ffenestr (" window ").

Belief in witchcraft and sorcery, known as brujería in Latin America, exists in many societies.

The original Greek acts of the council are lost, but an old Latin version exists, possibly made for Vigilius, of which there is a critical edition in Acta Conciliorum Oecumenicorum, Tome IV, vol.

Its popularity is attested by the number of languages in which it exists, each of these being represented by two or more variant " editions ": Greek ( the original ), Coptic, Armenian and Latin versions.

Malay is now written using the Latin script ( Rumi ), although an Arabic alphabet called Jawi also exists.

The only major biography that exists in English is " Tancred: a study of his career and work in their relation to the First Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine " by Robert Lawrence Nicholson.

About 2 / 3 of the Greek original is now lost, but the full version was translated to Latin by the Roman poet Catullus, and his version exists to this day.

The functions heretofore assigned to the subdeacon are entrusted to the reader and the acolyte ; consequently, the major order of subdiaconate no longer exists in the Latin Church.

The deeply rooted tradition of duty among both Asian and Latin American cultures contributes to much of the strong sense of duty that exists in comparison to western cultures.

Mere potentiality without any actuality or realization ( Prima materia in Latin ) nowhere exists by itself, though it enters into the composition of all things except the Supreme Cause.

They are called thus from their Latin name litterae patentes long used by mediaeval and later scribes when such documents were written in Latin, expressed in the plural, in the ancient sense of a collection of letters of the alphabet arranged to be read rather than in the modern sense of the word as an " epistle " or item of correspondence ; thus no singular form exists.

He also wrote Les éléments arithmétiques, which exists in manuscript ; and a translation, from Greek to Latin, of the Arithmetic of Diophantus ( 1621 ).

It was about this time that he composed his scriptural epic on the history of King David, one book of which still exists in the Latin original, the rest being superseded in favour of an English version in four books, called the Davideis, which were published after his death.

To effect this claim, he composed an " Apostolic Mass " that still exists in Adémar's own hand ( Paris Bibliothèque Nationale MS Latin 909 ), making it the earliest autograph Western musical composition that has survived.

Besides the nations listed below, the Vineyard also exists in many countries across Latin America, Africa, Europe, Asia and the Far East.

As with Latin, neither the definite nor the indefinite article exists in Latino sine flexione.

This type of climate exists in parts of east, south and south-eastern Africa, some mountainous areas across southern Europe, sections of mountainous Latin America, some mountainous areas across Southeast Asia, higher elevations of the southern Appalachians, and parts of the Himalayas.

Very little documentation exists since the inception of Latin American tokens, therefore, many tokens cannot be verified as to who the real owner is or what the symbol or symbols meant.

* The Categories ( Latin: Categoriae ) introduces Aristotle's 10-fold classification of that which exists.

Sofrito, a culinary term that originally referred to a specific combination of sauteed or braised aromatics, exists in Latin American cuisine.

As a canon at St. Osyth's, de Vere wrote a Latin life of that saint, which now exists only in fragments recorded by antiquarian John Leland in the sixteenth century.