The formula translates the bond fund's current portfolio income into a standardized yield for reporting and comparison purposes.

To accurately evaluate a bond fund's performance, both the share price and yield must be considered.

In the United States, 30-day yield is a standardized yield calculation for bond funds.

Because the 30-day yield is a standardized mandatory calculation for all United States bond funds, it serves as a common ground comparison of yield performance.

The steeper slope of the municipal yield curve allows participants to collect more after-tax income from the municipal bond portfolio than is spent on the interest rate swap ; the carry is greater than the hedge expense.

This led to a crisis of confidence, indicated by a widening of bond yield spreads and risk insurance on credit default swaps compared to other countries, most importantly Germany.

Nonetheless, by 8 November 2011 the Italian bond yield was 6. 74 percent for 10-year bonds, nearing a 7 percent level where Italy is thought to lose access to financial markets, but it was under 5, 0 % in February 2012.

The main requirement for safety against bond failure is to provide a sufficient extension of the length of the bar beyond the point where the steel is required to develop its yield stress and this length must be at least equal to its development length.

In the case where the only discount rate you have is not a zero-rate ( neither taken from a zero-coupon bond nor converted from a swap rate to a zero-rate through bootstrapping ) but an annually-compounded rate ( for example if your benchmark is a US Treasury bond with annual coupons and you only have its yield to maturity, you would use an annually-compounded discount factor:

The NPV of a sequence of cash flows takes as input the cash flows and a discount rate or discount curve and outputs a price ; the converse process in DCF analysis — taking a sequence of cash flows and a price as input and inferring as output a discount rate ( the discount rate which would yield the given price as NPV ) — is called the yield and is more widely used in bond trading.

The yield is the rate of return received from investing in the bond.

* the current yield, or running yield, which is simply the annual interest payment divided by the current market price of the bond ( often the clean price ), or to

* the yield to maturity or redemption yield, which is a more useful measure of the return of the bond, taking into account the current market price, and the amount and timing of all remaining coupon payments and of the repayment due on maturity.

The market price of a tradeable bond will be influenced amongst other things by the amounts, currency and timing of the interest payments and capital repayment due, the quality of the bond, and the available redemption yield of other comparable bonds which can be traded in the markets.

It is the ratio of the dividend yield of an equity and that of the long-term bond.

The yield of the U. S. Treasury's 10-year bond sank to a 40-year low of 3. 70 %, with the 2-year bond yield falling to a record low of 1. 89 %.

Taxes reduce the net income on taxable bonds, meaning that a tax-exempt municipal bond has a higher after-tax yield than a corporate bond with the same coupon rate.

Alternatively, one can calculate the taxable equivalent yield of a municipal bond and compare it to the yield of a corporate bond as follows:

Permanent PSAs may be initially removable ( for example to recover mislabeled goods ) and build adhesion to a permanent bond after several hours or days.

The angle may vary because of steric strain introduced by nonbonded interactions created by functional groups attached to the carbons of the double bond.

For example, if one purchases many risky bonds, then hedges them with CDSes, profiting from the difference between the bond spread and the CDS premium, in a financial crisis the bonds may default and the CDS writer / seller may itself fail, due to the stress of the crisis, causing the arbitrageur to face steep losses.

Atoms of pure elements may bond to each other chemically in more than one way, allowing the pure element to exist in multiple structures ( spacial arrangements of atoms ), known as allotropes, which differ in their properties.

In 1916, chemist Gilbert N. Lewis developed the concept of the electron-pair bond, in which two atoms may share one to six electrons, thus forming the single electron bond, a single bond, a double bond, or a triple bond ; in Lewis's own words, " An electron may form a part of the shell of two different atoms and cannot be said to belong to either one exclusively.

Thus, the molecular formula of ethanol may be written in a paper in conformational, three-dimensional, full two-dimensional ( indicating every bond with no three-dimensional directions ), compressed two-dimensional ( CH < sub > 3 </ sub >– CH < sub > 2 </ sub >– OH ), separating the functional group from another part of the molecule ( C < sub > 2 </ sub > H < sub > 5 </ sub > OH ), or by its atomic constituents ( C < sub > 2 </ sub > H < sub > 6 </ sub > O ), according to what is discussed.

When there are many different groups within a nation, citizenship may be the only real bond which unites everybody as equals without discrimination — it is a " broad bond " linking " a person with the state " and gives people a universal identity as a legal member of a specific nation.

For instance, hybrid instruments such as convertible bonds and / or convertible preferred may be listed on stock or bond exchanges.

Any subgroup of atoms of a compound also may be called a radical, and if a covalent bond is broken homolytically, the resulting fragment radicals are referred as free radicals.

There are two ways the double bond may be arranged: the isomer with both parts of the chain on the same side of the double bond ( the cis-isomer ), or the isomer with the parts of the chain on opposite sides of the double bond ( the trans-isomer ).

Under physiological conditions the glycosidic bond may be hydrolyzed spontaneously and 10, 000 purine sites in DNA are estimated to be depurinated each day in a cell.

The status of compounds in which the canonical anion has a delocalized structure in which the negative charge is shared with an atom more electronegative than carbon, as in enolates, may vary with the nature of the anionic moiety, the metal ion, and possibly the medium ; in the absence of direct structural evidence for a carbon – metal bond, such compounds are not considered to be organometallic.

It would appear that it should be possible to determine unique mechanisms for the thermal and photochemical reactions in both the liquid and gas phases and to determine values for activation energies of some of the intermediate reactions of atoms and free radicals, as well as information on the heat of dissociation of the carbon-halogen bond.

Bligh had the Judge-Advocate, Richard Atkins, issue an order for John Macarthur to appear on the matter of the bond on the 15th of December 1807.

The bail agent guarantees to the court that they will pay the forfeited bond if a defendant fails to appear for their scheduled court appearances, so the third party must have adequate assets to satisfy the face value of the bond.

If the defendant does not appear as instructed, the cash bond is forfeited and a bench warrant is issued.

The State of Connecticut has a detailed licensing process which requires any person who wants to engage in the business as a bail enforcement agent ( bounty hunter ) must first obtain a professional license from the Commissioner of Public Safety ; specifically detailing that " No person shall, as surety on a bond in a criminal proceeding or as an agent of such surety, engage in the business of taking or attempting to take into custody the principal on the bond who has failed to appear in court and for whom a re-arrest warrant or capias has been issued unless such person is licensed as a bail enforcement agent ".

He also embraced WSM radio host Ralph Emery during his early years, forming a bond which would be influential throughout his career, as Waltrip would appear frequently on Emery's early morning television show on local Nashville television station, WSMV, and later substitute for Emery in the 1980s on Emery's television show, Nashville Now on the former TNN cable network ( later, Spike TV ).

Although she shares a close bond with the two, they do not appear to get along with one another.

Finally, four days before the murder of Stephen Stafford, Lyons was arrested a third time for failure to appear in court, for which he was released on a $ 50 bond.

Men and boys, women and girls, bond and free, white and black, yellow and brown, exert themselves to invent and appear in grotesque, quizzical, diabolic, horrible, strange masks, and disguises.

He posted bond to appear in court the next day and that night left on a mission to England.

While in Spain, during the time of Franco, Degrelle maintained a high standard of living and would frequently appear in public and in private meetings in a white uniform featuring his German decorations, while expressing his pride over his close contacts and " thinking bond " with Adolf Hitler.

Bond agents have a standing security agreement with local court officials, in which they agree to post an irrevocable " blanket " bond, which will pay the court if any defendant for whom the bond agent is responsible does not appear.

If the defendant fails to appear in court, the bond agent is allowed by law and / or contractual arrangement to bring the defendant to the jurisdiction of the court in order to recover the money paid out under the bond, usually through the use of a bounty hunter.

The bond agent is also allowed to sue the indemnitors, any persons who guaranteed the defendants appearance in court, and or defendant for any money forfeited to the court should the defendant fail to appear.

You may appear in court on the date indicated on your citation, and if found not-guilty, should have the bond refunded.

Obtaining a supersedeas bond may appear to be judicial red tape ; however, it serves the best interest of the defendant and plaintiff.

After irradiation with UV light, the bond between the spiro-carbon and the oxazine breaks, the ring opens, the spiro carbon achieves sp² hybridization and becomes planar, the aromatic group rotates, aligns its π-orbitals with the rest of the molecule, and a conjugated system forms with ability to absorb photons of visible light, and therefore appear colorful.