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boot and sector
* Master boot record, the first sector of a partitioned data storage device, used for booting
Other systems may send hardware commands directly to peripheral devices or I / O controllers that cause an extremely simple input operation ( such as " read sector zero of the system device into memory starting at location 1000 ") to be carried out, effectively loading a small number of boot loader instructions into memory ; a completion signal from the I / O device may then be used to start execution of the instructions by the CPU.
This software contains rudimentary functionality to search for devices eligible to participate in booting, and load a small program from a special section ( most commonly the boot sector ) of the most promising device.
Boot loaders may face peculiar constraints, especially in size ; for instance, on the IBM PC and compatibles, a boot sector should typically work in only 32 KB ( later relaxed to 64 KB ) of system memory and not use instructions not supported by the original 8088 / 8086 processors.
The first stage of boot loaders located on fixed disks and removable drives must fit into the first 446 bytes of the Master Boot Record in order to leave room for the default 64-byte partition table with four partition entries and the two-byte boot signature, which the BIOS requires for a proper boot loader — or even less, when additional features like more than four partition entries ( up to 16 with 16 bytes each ), a disk signature ( 6 bytes ), a disk timestamp ( 6 bytes ), an Advanced Active Partition ( 18 bytes ) or special multi-boot loaders If an active partition is found, the MBR code loads the boot sector code from that partition, known as Volume Boot Record ( VBR ), and executes it.
If there is no active partition, or the active partition's boot sector is invalid, the MBR may load a secondary boot loader which will select a partition ( often via user input ) and load its boot sector, which usually loads the corresponding operating system kernel.
The keyboard value was used as the sector address on the disk to boot from, and by holding specific keys down while pressing the boot button, different microcode and operating systems could be loaded.
* Volume Boot Record, in computer disks, a type of boot sector that contains code for bootstrapping programs
The MSX 3. 5 " floppy disks are directly compatible with MS-DOS ( although some details like file undeletion and boot sector code were different ).
* January: The Brain boot sector virus ( aka Pakistani flu ) is released.
* Appearance of Lehigh virus, boot sector viruses such as Yale from USA, Stoned from New Zealand, Ping Pong from Italy, and appearance of first self-encrypting file virus, Cascade.
* November: The SCA virus, a boot sector virus for Amigas appears, immediately creating a pandemic virus-writer storm.
* March 1: Ping-Pong virus is a boot sector virus.
It infects the boot sector of storage media formatted with the DOS File Allocation Table ( FAT ) file system.
Brain affects the IBM PC computer by replacing the boot sector of a floppy disk with a copy of the virus.

boot and virus
* 1982 – Richard Skrenta writes the first PC virus code, which is 400 lines long and disguised as an Apple boot program called " Elk Cloner ".
The first documented computer virus to target the personal computer marketplace, discovered in 1986, used cloaking techniques to hide itself: the Brain virus intercepted attempts to read the boot sector, and redirected these to elsewhere on the disk, where a copy of the original boot sector was kept.
Elk Cloner spread by infecting the Apple II operating system using a technique now known as a " boot sector " virus.
He developed what is now known as a boot sector virus, and began circulating it in early 1982 among high school friends and a local computer club.
The SCA virus is a boot sector virus.
* boot, an alternative name for the Ping-Pong virus
MSAV featured the " Detect and Clean " strategy, and the detection of boot sector and Trojan horse-type viruses ( which were typical virus problems at that time ).
The virus resides in memory, it infects the master boot records of all physical hard disks and infects the boot sectors of floppy disks.
If users boot from a floppy disk not infected by this virus in order to avoid it, all physical hard drives are inaccessible by normal means.
Byte Bandit is a boot sector computer virus created for the Commodore Amiga.
On hard disks, the virus moves the original master boot record to cylinder 0, head 0, sector 7.

boot and dubbed
The boot was dubbed the Wellington and the name has stuck in British English language ever since.
Its feminine image was soon lost, and was dubbed Congress gaiter and Boston boot in America.

boot and c
The Multics operating system ( c. 1967 ) had a boot command.
Therefore the normal mode of operation when invoking < tt > umssync </ tt > after switching from Windows to Linux ( which is usually done by running the tool at Linux boot time from a startup script ) is to employ the < tt >- c </ tt > option to the command, which prevents the creation of any new < tt >-- LINUX -.---</ tt > files in directories that do not already possess them.

boot and Brain
The disk label is changed to © Brain, and the following text can be seen in infected boot sectors:

boot and was
The younger men, Vere, and Pembroke, who was also Edward's cousin and whose Lusignan blood gave him the swarthy complexion that caused Edward of Carnarvon's irreverent friend, Piers Gaveston, to nickname him `` Joseph the Jew '', were relatively new to the game of diplomacy, but Pontissara had been on missions to Rome before, and Hotham, a man of great learning, `` jocund in speech, agreeable to meet, of honest religion, and pleasing in the eyes of all '', and an archbishop to boot, was as reliable and experienced as Othon himself.
She was the John Harvey, one of those Atlantic sea-horses that had sailed to Bari to bring beans, bombs, and bullets to the U.S. Fifteenth Air Force, to Field Marshal Montgomery's Eighth Army then racing up the calf of the boot of Italy in that early December of 1943.
The bullet had in fact clipped a part of his popliteal artery and his boot was filling up with blood.
A third mode was entered with a special boot floppy which turned the Aster into a Videotex terminal with a 40x25 display and a Videotex character set, The software used the built in RS232 interface of the Aster to control a modem through which it could contact a Prestel service provider.
A software engineer was hired to write the special " dual boot mode " BIOS and the special CP / M BIOS.
The " dual boot mode " BIOS actually discovered whether a TRS-DOS, or Aster CP / M disk was placed in the drive, and would, depending on the type of disk, reorganise the internal memory architecture of the system, to either be 100 % TRS-80 compatible or optimally support CP / M, with as much " workspace " as possible, and the 80x25 video mode.
As the towns and cities of the Middle Ages began to grow, and the general populace was unable to read, signs that today would say cobbler, miller, tailor or blacksmith would use an image associated with their trade such as a boot, a suit, a hat, a clock, a diamond, a horse shoe, a candle or even a bag of flour.
Upon boot, the user was directed to a BASIC interpreter in immediate mode, not a traditional command line interface.
The name originated from the Basic Input Output System used in the CP / M operating system ( released in 1976 ), where the BIOS was loaded from disk, with only a small boot loader program stored in read-only memory.
The term BIOS ( Basic Input / Output System ) was invented by Gary Kildall and first appeared in the CP / M operating system in 1975, describing the machine-specific part of CP / M loaded during boot time that interfaces directly with the hardware ( a CP / M machine usually has only a simple boot loader in its ROM ).
He was soon given his nickname Caligula, meaning " little ( soldier's ) boot " in Latin, after the small boots he wore as part of his uniform.
ROM was used to store the boot code, which was then copied into core when the “ program load ” switch was flipped.
He was born and raised in Weston Favell, then a small village near the English town of Northampton in which Crick ’ s father and uncle ran the family ’ s boot and shoe factory.
The last pair, found incubating an egg, was killed there on 3 July 1844, on request from a merchant who wanted specimens, with Jón Brandsson and Sigurður Ísleifsson strangling the adults and Ketill Ketilsson smashing the egg with his boot.
On the Building Windows 8 blog, it was announced that a computer running Windows 8 can boot up much faster than Windows 7.
To mention a few of the memorable milestones on the road to the scudetto: a decisive win against Juventus ( 2 – 0 ), with a goal scored by Elkjær after having lost a boot in a tackle just outside the box, set the stage early in the championship ; an away win over Udinese ( 5 – 3 ) ended any speculation that the team was losing energy at the midway point ; three straight wins ( including a hard fought 1 – 0 victory against a strong AS Roma side ) served notice that the team had kept its polish and focus intact during their rival's final surge ; and a 1 – 1 draw in Bergamo against Atalanta secured the title with a game in hand.
The first ( boot ) hard disk drive was given the name C :; further drives, if present, were given the letters following.
In her diary, Maria later described how the wounded, still living Emperor was taken to the palace: " His legs were crushed terribly and ripped open to the knee ; a bleeding mass, with half a boot on the right foot, and only the sole of the foot remaining on the left.
The United States acquired the southwestern boot heel of the state and southern Arizona below the Gila river in the mostly desert Gadsden Purchase of 1853, which was related to the construction by the US of a transcontinental railroad.
A UK-only version called " 968 Sport ", was offered in 1994 and 1995, and was essentially a Club Sport model ( and was produced on the same production line with similar chassis numbers ) with electric windows, electric release boot, central locking, cloth comfort seats ( different to both the standard and the Club Sport ).

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