For example, S-11 uses the caesium-antimony photocathode with a lime glass window, S-13 uses the same photocathode with a fused silica window, and S-25 uses a so-called " multialkali " photocathode ( Na-K-Sb-Cs, or sodium-potassium-antimony-caesium ) that provides extended response in the red portion of the visible light spectrum.

Also in 1936, a much improved photocathode, Cs < sub > 3 </ sub > Sb ( caesium-antimony ), was reported by P. Görlich.

The caesium-antimony photocathode had a dramatically improved quantum efficiency of 12 % at 400 nm, and was used in the first commercially successful photomultipliers manufactured by RCA ( i. e., the 931-type ) both as a photocathode and as a secondary-emitting material for the dynodes.

In a galvanic cell, the cathode is where the positive pole is connected to allow the circuit to be completed: as the anode of the galvanic cell gives off electrons, they return from the circuit into the cell through the cathode.

* An article of 1965 on cold cathode tubes from Mullard Ltd. ( a British manufacturer of these devices, which also produced a prototype calculator using them ) gives an insight into why they were used in these calculators at the time-"...

Cathodes are often made from porous tungsten filled with a barium compound, which gives low work function ; the structure of cathode has to be tailored for the application.

In an alkaline battery, the anode ( negative terminal ) is made of zinc powder, which gives more surface area for increased current, and the cathode ( positive terminal ) is composed of manganese dioxide.

Caesium on oxidised silver gives a cathode that is most sensitive to infra-red to red light, falling off towards blue, where the sensitivity is low but not zero.

It is the most energy efficient type, but gives the least number of starts from a lamp as emissive oxides are blasted from the cold cathode surfaces each time the lamp is started.

* In a cathode ray tube, it is the positive terminal where electrons flow out of the device, i. e., where positive electric current flows in.

An electrode through which current flows the other way ( out of the device ) is termed a cathode.

The flow of electrons is always from anode to cathode outside of the cell or device, regardless of the cell or device type and operating mode, with the exception of diodes, where electrode naming always assumes current in the forward direction ( that of the arrow symbol ), i. e., electrons flow in the opposite direction, even when the diode reverse-conducts either by accident ( breakdown of a normal diode ) or by design ( breakdown of a Zener diode, photo-current of a photodiode or solar cell ).

When the current through the device is reversed, the electrodes switch functions, so anode becomes cathode, while cathode becomes anode, as long as the reversed current is applied, with the exception of diodes where electrode naming is always based on the forward current direction.

The word video in video game traditionally referred to a cathode ray tube ( CRT ) display device, but it now implies any type of display device that can produce two or three dimensional images.

A cathode is an electrode through which electric current flows out of a polarized electrical device.

Although positively charged cations always move towards the cathode ( hence their name ) and negatively charged anions move away from it, cathode polarity depends on the device type, and can even vary according to the operating mode.

In a device which consumes power, the cathode is negative, and in a device which provides power, the cathode is positive:

* In a discharging battery or a galvanic cell the cathode is the positive terminal since that is where the current flows out of the device ( see drawing ).

* In vacuum tubes ( including cathode ray tubes ) it is the negative terminal where electrons flow in from the wiring and through the tube's near vacuum, constituting a positive current flowing out of the device.

Since the later discovery of the electron, an easier to remember, and more durably technically correct ( although historically false ), etymology has been suggested: cathode, from the Greek kathodos, ' way down ', ' the way ( down ) into the cell ( or other device ) for electrons '.

The flow of electrons is almost always from anode to cathode outside of the cell or device, regardless of the cell or device type and operating mode.

In physics or electronics, a cathode is an electrode that emits electrons into the device.

The display device in modern monitors is typically a thin film transistor liquid crystal display ( TFT-LCD ) thin panel, while older monitors use a cathode ray tube ( CRT ) about as deep as the screen size.

The electrons enter the device through the cathode and exit the device through the anode.

Later designs would use a rotating mirror-drum scanner to capture the image and a cathode ray tube ( CRT ) as a display device, but moving images were still not possible, due to the poor sensitivity of the selenium sensors.

The heat transfer to the anode in free burning arcs is enhanced by a hot gas jet flowing from the cathode towards the anode with velocities up Af.

The pressure gradient producing the jet is due to the nature of the magnetic field in the arc ( rapid decrease of current density from cathode to the anode ).

It is apparent from the above and from experimental evidence that the cooling requirements for the anode of free burning arcs are large compared with those for the cathode.

The electron optical system ( see fig. 14-1 ) is based in principle on the focusing action of concentric spherical cathode and anode surfaces.

The current through a recharging battery is opposite to the direction of current during discharge ; In other words, the electrode which was the cathode during battery discharge becomes the anode while the battery is recharging.

Internally the positively charged cations are flowing away from the anode ( even though it is negative and therefore would be expected to attract them, this is due to electrode potential relative to the electrolyte solution being different for the anode and cathode metal / electrolyte systems ); but, external to the cell in the circuit, electrons are being pushed out through the negative contact and thus through the circuit by the voltage potential as would be expected.

In electronic vacuum devices such as a cathode ray tube, the anode is the positively charged electron collector.

In a tube, the anode is a charged positive plate that collects the electrons emitted by the cathode through electric attraction.

The opposite of an anode is a cathode.

Inside the sealed lamp, filled with argon or neon gas at low pressure, is a cylindrical metal cathode containing the element of interest and an anode.

A high voltage is applied across the anode and cathode, resulting in an ionization of the fill gas.

The gas ions are accelerated towards the cathode and, upon impact on the cathode, sputter cathode material that is excited in the glow discharge to emit the radiation of the sputtered material, i. e., the element of interest.

The triode is very similar in operation to the n-channel JFET ; it is normally on, and progressively switched off as the grid / gate is pulled increasingly negative of the source / cathode.

The two lamps, used for laser pumping, are very different in the shape of the electrodes, in particular, the cathode, ( on the left ).

Rosing had filed his first patent on a television system in 1907, featuring a very early cathode ray tube as a receiver, and a mechanical device as a transmitter.

Heinrich Hertz began experimenting and demonstrated that cathode rays could penetrate very thin metal foil ( such as aluminium ).

( The detailed mechanisms and pathways involved can be very complicated, and there is no single universal cause ) Where vacuum breakdown is known to be caused by electron emission from a cathode, then the original thinking was that the mechanism was CFE from small conducting needle-like surface protrusions.

Accordingly, Rosing's system employed a mechanical camera device, but used very early cathode ray tube ( developed in Germany by Karl Ferdinand Braun ) as a receiver.

This allows the holding of very close tolerances, so the grid can be placed closer to the filament ( or cathode ).

Breakdown voltage can also differ from the Paschen curve prediction for very small electrode gaps when field emission from the cathode surface becomes important.

Electrons emitted from the cathode possess very low energy of only a few eV.

So in spite of using extremely efficient light sources like cold cathode fluorescent lamps or high-power white LEDs, the overall efficiency of an LCD display is not very high.

The 6AV6 was a miniature repackaging ( with just a single cathode ) of the triode and twin diodes from the octal 6SQ7 ( a double-diode triode used in AM radios ), which itself was very similar to the older type 75 triode-diode dating from 1930.

Because of the very low currents generated any stray leakage current between anode and cathode must be kept to a minimum in order to preserve accuracy.

If the tube is overloaded, not only can the plate warp, causing a short to outer grids or beam-shaping elements, but the emissive layer on the cathode will be consumed very quickly.

Because the potassium hydroxide electrolyte is deliquescent, in very humid conditions excess water accumulates in the cell, flooding the cathode and destroying its active properties.