While concentrated on establishing a modern, centralised state in Sicily, he was mostly absent from Germany and issued far-reaching privileges to Germany's secular and ecclesiastical princes: In the 1220 Confoederatio cum principibus ecclesiasticis, Frederick gave up a number of regalia in favour of the bishops, among them tariffs, coining, and fortification.

Although Malaysia is a federal state, political scientists have suggested that its " federalism is highly centralised ":

The French rail network, with its main lines radiating from Paris to all corners of France, is often seen as a reflection of the centralised French nation state, which directed its construction.

A truce between the war-weary sides was established for three years ( 1213 – 1215 ) and proved generally more favourable to the Germans, who consolidated their political position, while the Estonians were unable to develop their system of loose alliances into a centralised state.

Other socialists have focused their analyses on the lack of self-management, the continued existence of financial calculation and the existence of a bureaucratic elite based on hierarchical and centralised powers of authority in the Soviet model, leading them to conclude that the Soviet system was not socialist, instead categorising it as bureaucratic collectivism, state capitalism or deformed workers ' states.

Richelieu will change France into a unified centralised state, able to resist both England and the Habsburg Empire.

Bulgaria is a highly centralised state, where the national Council of Ministers directly appoints regional governors and all provinces and municipalities are heavily dependent on it for funding.

Thus he embraced Trotsky's internationalism over Stalin's rigidly controlled and centralised state.

In the 16th century, the Holy Roman Empire was a centralised state in name only.

A unitary state is sometimes one with only a single, centralised, national tier of government.

While it is common for a federation to be brought into being by agreement between a number of formally independent states, in a unitary state self-governing regions are often created through a process of devolution, where a formerly centralised state agrees to grant autonomy to a region that was previously entirely subordinate.

Belgium was founded as a centralised state, after the French model, but has gradually been reformed into a federal state by consecutive constitutional reforms since the 1970s.

Fascism was certainly not simply a return to tradition: it carried the centralised state beyond even what had been seen in absolute monarchies.

According to Princeton's Atul Kohli, the reason Japanese colonies such as South Korea developed so rapidly and successfully was down to Japan exporting to its colonies the same centralised state development that it had used to develop itself.

From well before the appearance of Europeans, the Dagaaba lived in small scale agricultural communities, not centralised into any large state like structure.

Smuts favoured a unitary state, with power centralised in Pretoria, with English as the only official language, and with a more inclusive electorate.

There was thus a 76 year interim, during which successive kings expanded the role of the centralised state through various means.

Historically, the provinces served mainly as transmission belts for policies enacted in Madrid, as Spain was a highly centralised state for most of its history.

The impressive, costly, and centralised rites to the deities of the Roman state were vastly outnumbered in everyday life by commonplace religious observances pertaining to an individual's domestic and personal deities, the patron divinities of Rome's various neighborhoods and communities, and the often idiosyncratic blends of official, unofficial, local and personal cults that characterised lawful Roman religion.

By emphasizing the unity of the Chinese nation into pre-historic times, the concept legitimates the rule of a single centralised state and implicitly relegates any other potential power holders ( both historical and contemporary ) to positions of subordination or illegitimacy.

The Gaelic Irish resisted this conquest through military and other means, but were organised in small independent lordships and did not have a common political goal such as a centralised independent Irish state.

As capitalist enterprises and state bureaucracies became more centralised and larger, some workers felt that their institutions needed to become similarly large.

Soviet-style centralised planning in five-year blocks had more immediate benefits there than in the other European states where it was first applied in the early 1950s.

" At that time, and in response to a European Council report highlighting Ireland as the most centralised country in the European Union, it was decided that a single County Dublin was unmanageable and undemocratic from a local government perspective.

Efficient electrical transmission meant in turn that electricity could be generated at centralised power stations, where it benefited from economies of scale, and then be despatched relatively long distances to where it was needed.

The reason for this was to enhance the centralised power of the Zulu king at the expense of clan and tribal leaders.

He centralised the bureaucracy of the Republic and was eventually proclaimed " dictator in perpetuity ".

There was no separate defence ministry ; all defence activities were centralised under Gaddafi.

As epitomised in the slogan “ Freedom in Discussion, Unity in Action ”, Lenin followed the example of the First International ( IWA, International Workingmen ’ s Association, 1864 – 1876 ), and organised the Bolsheviks as a democratically centralised vanguard party, wherein free political-speech was recognised legitimate until policy consensus ; afterwards, every member of the Party would be expected to uphold the official policy established in consensus.

This process was partially reversed from the 1970s onward, with the introduction of various forms of regional autonomy, in formerly centralised states such as France.

In Australia the first police force having centralised command as well as jurisdiction over an entire colony was the South Australia Police, formed in 1838 under Henry Inman.

In practice, the USSR was a highly centralised entity from its creation in 1922 until the mid-1980s when political forces unleashed by reforms undertaken by Mikhail Gorbachev resulted in the loosening of central control and its ultimate dissolution.

* ( and ) Reflecting a desire to be like other nations, there was a popular movement to establish a centralised monarchy.

But due to his measures in the financial and commercial fields, it was a period of general stability — the administration was centralised and court affairs systematized.

The previously centralised royal coinage system was fragmented, with Stephen, the Empress and local lords all minting their own coins.

This export was under centralised control, and most of the export revenue was absorbed into the Soviet central budget.

Yet, the fact that this was remarkable confirms the broader observation that Mbeki values the exercise of centralised policy over demonstrations of grassroots populism.

At the end of what is referred to as the Middle Kingdom era of Egypt, there was a breakdown in centralised power, the assertion of independence by various nomarchs and the assumption of power in the Delta by Pharaohs of the 17th Dynasty.

The Oppidan Houses are named Godolphin House, Jourdelay's, ( both built as such c. 1720 ), Hawtrey House, Durnford House, ( the first two built as such by the Provost and Fellows, 1845, when the school was increasing in numbers and needed more centralised control ), The Hopgarden, South Lawn, Waynflete, Evans ', Keate House, Warre House, Villiers House, Common Lane House, Penn House, Walpole House, Cotton Hall, Wotton House, Holland House, Mustians, Angelo's, Manor House, Farrer House, Baldwin's Bec, The Timbralls, and Westbury.

Under King Haakon Haakonsson, a centralised administration was for the first time built up, with a chancellery in Bergen, which became the first capital city of the country.

Franco was reluctant to enact any form of administrative and legislative decentralisation and kept a fully centralised form of government with a similar administrative structure to that established by the House of Bourbon and General Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja.

They were eventually placed under military jurisdiction but were less centralised than the Spanish police force ( then known as the ' Intendencia General de Policía ') formed in 1817, or the yet to be established ‘ Guardia Civil ’, both of which were systematically deployed away from their regions of origin, and were thus strangers.

The prevailing opinion now is that successful market economies rest on a framework of law, regulation and established practice that cannot be instantaneously created in a society that was formerly authoritarian, heavily centralised and subject to state ownership of assets.

The role of the burgesses and nobles that established the Aviz dynasty ( a branch of the Portuguese House of Burgundy ) securely on an independent throne can be contrasted with the centrifugal pull of aristocratic factions against a centralised monarchy in the English War of the Roses and with national and political aspects of the Hundred Years ' War being waged in France.

The Miners ' Federation of Great Britain was established in Newport, Monmouthshire in 1888 but did not function as a unified, centralised trade union.

The occupying forces established a centralised state based on the ideas of the French Revolution.

Henry I and Henry II both implemented significant legal reforms, extending and widening the scope of centralised, royal law ; by the 1180s, the basis for the future English Common Law had largely been established, with a standing law court in Westminster — an early Common Bench — and travelling judges conducting eyres around the country.

The occupying forces established a centralised state based on the ideas of the French Revolution.

Religion would therefore play a pivotal role in the way Provenzano established his leadership, succeeded in mediating between different mafia ‘ families ’ by creating a less centralised, more reticular structure, and eventually prevented the decline of the organisation.

Seri Kembangan was established as the Serdang New Village in 1952 when the British moved Malaysian Chinese villagers living around Sungai Besi to a centralised location due to the Communist threat during the Malayan Emergency following the Briggs Plan.

Jurong Institute was the third centralised institute when it was established in 1989 and was initially located at Jurong West Street 91.

MI is the fifth centralised institute to be established in Singapore, resulted from the merger of Outram Institute and Jurong Institute in 2004, to popularise the pre-university route after a consecutive decline in pre-university students reported since early 2000, due to more secondary school graduates moving onto the polytechnic route in recent years.

In 1919, with the re-independence of the Polish nation, the state reorganised itself along non-federalist lines and established a centralised form of government.

After this point, the English authorities in Dublin established real control over all of Ireland for the first time, bringing a centralised government to the entire island, and successfully disarmed the native clans and their lordships.