John Norden ( c. 1547 – 1625 ) was an English cartographer, chorographer and antiquary.

The noted cartographer and chorographer, John Norden produced a plan of the castle and its precincts in 1617.

* Bill T. Jones / Arnie Zane Dance Company: Continuous Replay ( chorographer: Arnie Zane )

Ptolemy's view of Germans in the region indicates that the tribal structure had lost its grip in the Black Forest region and was replaced by a canton structure.

Much of the content of the Tetrabiblos was collected from earlier sources ; Ptolemy's achievement was to order his material in a systematic way, showing how the subject could, in his view, be rationalized.

I confirm this view not only by refuting Ptolemy's and Aristotle's arguments, but also by producing many for the other side, especially some pertaining to physical effects whose causes perhaps cannot be determined in any other way, and other astronomical discoveries ; these discoveries clearly confute the Ptolemaic system, and they agree admirably with this other position and confirm it.

" This excerpt reflects Ptolemy's gnostic view that the god that created the world is not the Perfect God, but rather an inferior god who incorrectly believed that he was the one true God, which is what he is trying to convey to Flora.

This view resulted chiefly from the fact that they were not believed at the time to be made up of most of the historical septs mentioned above, but to belong mostly to the realm of later mytho-historical tradition and antiquarian speculation, and of course to Ptolemy's Geography.

Although authentic maps have never been found, the Geographia contains thousands of references to various parts of the old world, with coordinates for most, which allowed cartographers to reconstruct Ptolemy's world view when the manuscript was re-discovered around 1300 CE.

This is taken to demonstrate Ptolemy's view that astronomy and astrology are complementary studies, so that whilst astrology is less self-sufficient and factual, its employment makes the practice of astronomy more useful.

Historian Nicholas Campion has discussed the roots of the notion that celestial and psychological realms are connected, which can be traced to the sixth century BC, and in Ptolemy's case presents a mixture of Aristotelian and Stoic philosophy, resting on the Platonic view that " the soul comes from the heavens " which explains " how human character comes to be determined by the heavens ".

Ptolemy's view of the north is so distorted that his names require some decoding to locate them, nor can that be done with very great certainty.

This was not simpler but much more difficult than exercises within Ptolemy's astronomy.

That such deficiencies existed within Ptolemy's theory was not discovered de novo by Copernicus.

α CVn was Ptolemy's " 28th of Ursa Major ", and β CVn was his " 29th of Ursa Major ".

When the Greek astronomer Ptolemy's Almagest was translated from Greek to Arabic, the translator Johannitius ( following Alberuni ) did not know the Greek word and rendered it as the nearest-looking Arabic word, writing العصى ذات الكلاب in ordinary unvowelled Arabic text " al -` aşā dhāt al-kullāb ", which means " the spearshaft having a hook ".

The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.

It was shown on Ptolemy's map as the " Golden Khersonese ".

This was so that when the plaster with Ptolemy's name fell off, Sostratus's name would be visible in the stone.

No particular animal was associated with it until the Latin translation of Ptolemy's work identified it with the wolf.

Indeed, prior to the reintroduction of Ptolemy's Geography to Europe around 1400, there was no single convention in the West.

The writer was attempting to square information gleaned from Portuguese trade along the coast with Ptolemy's world map.

It would have suited custom if the first of Ptolemy's family to become a citizen ( whether he or an ancestor ) took the nomen from a Roman called Claudius who was responsible for granting citizenship.

Ptolemy's model, like those of his predecessors, was geocentric and was almost universally accepted until the appearance of simpler heliocentric models during the scientific revolution.

The maps in surviving manuscripts of Ptolemy's Geographia, however, date only from about 1300, after the text was rediscovered by Maximus Planudes.

In the 15th century Ptolemy's Geographia began to be printed with engraved maps ; the earliest printed edition with engraved maps was produced in Bologna in 1477, followed quickly by a Roman edition in 1478 ( Campbell, 1987 ).

( Ptolemy's own latitude was in error by 14 '.

Ptolemy's astrological outlook was quite practical: he thought that astrology was like medicine, that is conjectural, because of the many variable factors to be taken into account: the race, country, and upbringing of a person affects an individual's personality as much if not more than the positions of the Sun, Moon, and planets at the precise moment of their birth, so Ptolemy saw astrology as something to be used in life but in no way relied on entirely.

George of Trebizond who was Bessarion's philosophical rival had recently produced a new Latin translation of Ptolemy's Almagest from the Greek, which Bessarion, correctly, regarded as inaccurate and badly translated, so he asked Peuerbach to produce a new one.

The year is stated as the ninth year of Ptolemy V's reign ( equated with 197 / 196 BC ), and it is confirmed by naming four priests who officiated in that same year: Aëtus son of Aëtus was priest of the divine cults of Alexander the Great and the five Ptolemies down to Ptolemy V himself ; his three colleagues, named in turn in the inscription, led the worship of Berenice Euergetis ( wife of Ptolemy III ), Arsinoe Philadelpha ( wife and sister of Ptolemy II ) and Arsinoe Philopator, mother of Ptolemy V. However, a second date is also given in the Greek and hieroglyphic texts, corresponding to, the official anniversary of Ptolemy's coronation.

The star catalog of Hipparchus ( 2nd century BC ) included 1020 stars and was used to assemble Ptolemy's star catalogue.

Some Greek astronomers ( e. g., Aristarchus of Samos ) speculated that the planets ( Earth included ) orbited the Sun, but the optics ( and the specific mathematics – Newton's Law of Gravitation for example ) necessary to provide data that would convincingly support the heliocentric model did not exist in Ptolemy's time and would not come around for over fifteen hundred years after his death.

Greek texts such as the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea and Ptolemy's Geography list a string of market places ( emporia ) along the coast.

Ptolemy's maps, which became well known in Europe during the Renaissance, did not actually depict such a continent, but they did show an Africa which had no southern oceanic boundary ( and which therefore might extend all the way to the South Pole ), and also raised the possibility that the Indian Ocean was entirely enclosed by land.

They were sold to the general public as well as to students, and by 1941 the St. John's College bookshop was famous as the only source for English translations of works such as Copernicus's De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, St. Augustine's De Musica, and Ptolemy's Almagest.

Early Irish antiquarians, such as Sir John Ware and Walter Harris believed that the name Eblana in Ptolemy's Geographia was in fact a corruption of Deblana, itself a version of the Gaelic name Dubh Linn ( Black Pool ), from which the modern English language name Dublin derives.

It followed in the tradition of earlier geographies, such as Strabo's Geographica, Pomponius Mela's De situ orbis, Claudius Ptolemy's Geographia, and the Antonine Itinerary.

It appears to have been the primary route of entry to Britain for large quantities of continental commodities such as wine, and is therefore a speculative candidate for the trading centre of ' Ictis ' reported by Diodorus Siculus and for the ' Tamaris ' of Ptolemy's Geographia.

Al-Biruni's work, The Keys of Astronomy, lists a number of those works, which can be classified into studies as part of commentaries on Ptolemy's Almagest as in the works of al-Nayrizi and al-Khazin where each demonstrated particular cases of Menelaus ' theorem that led to the sine rule, or works composed as independent treatises such as:

Ptolemy's Almagest provided some conversions between the Callippic and Egyptian calendars, such as that Anthesterion 8, 47th year of the first Callippic period was equivalent to day 29 in the month of Athyr, in year 465 of Nabonassar.

Equally, Ptolemy's narrative was drawn upon by later philosophers and astronomers, such as Johannes Kepler who used similar examples and the same order of arguments to explain the physical foundation of some astrological claims.

Whereas other ancient astrological writers gave their emphasis to the astrological interpretation of such definitions ( for example, in describing how tropical signs are indicative of quickly changing situations ), Ptolemy's focus is notably different ; given to the astronomical and philosophical factors that underlie the definitions rather than their astrological meaning in practice.

Maybe for this reason, Ptolemy's system of seven climes was primarily adopted by Arab and Persian authors such as al-Biruni, al-Idrisi and al-Razi, the author of the 16th century haft iql &# 299 ; m ( seven climes ), while in Europe, Aristotle's system of five climatic zones was more successful.

The book does not reflect a strong influence from Greek earlier works such as Ptolemy's.

It follows such actual events as the burning of Persepolis by Tais and her becoming Ptolemy's Egyptian queen, but also speculates on a love affair with Alexander and Tais's initiation in some of the obscure religions of the ancient world.

China on medieval copies of maps of Ancient Roman times such as Ptolemy's world map

Of such nature were Aristoxenus's Life of Pythagoras, Andronicus's Life of Aristotle, Ptolemy's Life of Aristotle, and Iamblichus's Life of Pythagoras.