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classical and rabbinic

The three volumes of this
work are a study of
classical rabbinic theology and aggadah
, as opposed to halakha ( Jewish law
.

Halakha constitutes
the practical application of
the 613 mitzvot (" commandments ", singular
: mitzvah )
in the Torah
, (
the five books of Moses
, the " Written Law ") as developed through discussion and debate
in the classical rabbinic literature
, especially
the Mishnah and
the Talmud (
the " Oral law "), and as codified
in the Mishneh Torah or Shulchan Aruch (
the Jewish
" Code of Law ".

Legends of
the Jews is an original synthesis of a vast amount of aggadah from all of
classical rabbinic literature
, as well as apocryphal
, pseudopigraphical and even early Christian literature
, with legends ranging from
the creation of
the world and
the fall of Adam
, through a huge collection of legends on Moses
, and ending
with the story of Esther and
the Jews
in Persia
.

These midrashim are sometimes referred to as aggadah or haggadah
, a loosely defined term that may refer to all non-legal discourse
in classical rabbinic literature
.

According to Orthodox Judaism
, Jewish law today is based on
the commandments
in the Torah
, as viewed through
the discussions and debates contained
in classical rabbinic literature
, especially
the Mishnah and
the Talmud
.

All
classical rabbinic views hold that
the Torah
was entirely or almost entirely Mosaic and of divine origin
.

According to
classical rabbinic texts this parallel set of material
was originally transmitted to Moses
at Sinai
, and then from Moses to Israel
.

Modern Orthodox rabbinical students
, such as those
at Yeshiva University
, study some elements of modern theology or philosophy
, as well as
the classical rabbinic works on such subjects
.

Examples of rewards and punishments are described throughout
the Bible
, and throughout
classical rabbinic literature
: see Free will In Jewish thought
.

The curriculum focused especially on Talmud
, legal codes
, and
classical rabbinic literature
, but aside from a little
time for a Homiletics class
, very little
time was spent on practical training for serving
in a rabbinical position
.

There are many rules relating to how a cantor should lead services
, but
the idea of a cantor as a paid professional does not exist
in classical rabbinic sources
.

Belshazzar appears
in many works of
classical Jewish
rabbinic literature
.

Rather
, Judaism is based on
the Bible as understood through
the classical works of
rabbinic literature
, such as
the Mishnah and Talmud
.

15 ) declares that
the Biblical patriarch Abraham
was the recipient of
the divine revelation of mystic lore ; so that
the rabbis of
the classical rabbinic era
, and philosophers as Saadia
, Donnolo
, and Judah HaLevi never doubted that Abraham
was the author of
the book
.

Within
classical rabbinic Judaism
, all Mishpat Ivri subjects are also subsumed under halakha ( Jewish law
in general ).

The Halakha is
the development of
the Mitzvot as contained
in the written law
, via discussion and debate
in the Oral law
, as recorded
in the rabbinic literature of
the classical era
, especially
the Mishnah and
the Talmud
.

The page layout surrounds prayers
with a variety of English commentaries and readings
, as one finds
in classical rabbinic commentaries
.

Unlike divorce
, mi ' un
was regarded
with distaste by many
rabbinic writers
, even
in the Talmud ;
in earlier
classical Judaism
, one major faction-the House of Shammai-argued that such annulment rights only existed during
the betrothal

In
classical rabbinic literature
, it
was argued that
the biblical regulations concerning left-overs only applied to corn fields
, orchards
, and vineyards
, and not to kitchen gardens ;
the classical rabbinical writers were much stricter
in regard to who could receive
the remains
.

However
, it
was also argued that
the law
was only applicable
in Canaan
, although many
classical rabbinic writers
, who were based
in Babylon
, applied
the laws there too ; it
was also seen as only applying to Jewish paupers
, but poor non-Jews were allowed to benefit for
the sake of civil peace

Various works of
classical Jewish
rabbinic literature are thought to contain references to Jesus
, including some uncensored manuscripts of
the Babylonian Talmud ( redacted roughly before 600 CE ) and
the classical midrash literature written between 250 CE and 700 CE
.
A range of responses is recorded
in classical rabbinic literature
, describing this shift
in emphasis
.
classical and work

He envisaged instruments
in which
the French late-romantic full-organ sound should
work integrally
with the English and German romantic reed pipes
, and
with the classical Alsace Silbermann organ resources and baroque flue pipes
, all
in registers regulated ( by stops ) to access distinct voices
in fugue or counterpoint capable of combination without loss of distinctness
: different voices singing together
in the same music
.

The subject of nearly all of Maillol's mature
work is
the female body
, treated
with a
classical emphasis on stable forms
.

The epitome of
the neoclassical style
, his
work marked a return to
classical refinement after
the theatrical excesses of Baroque sculpture
.

He also composed one large scale instrumental
work in 1815 intended as a study
in late
classical orchestration
: Twenty-Six Variations for
the Orchestra on a Theme called La Folia di Spagna
.

Bede quotes from several
classical authors
, including Cicero
, Plautus
, and Terence
, but he may have had access to their
work via a Latin grammar rather than directly
.

Bede dedicated this
work to Cuthbert
, apparently a student
, for he is named
" beloved son
" in the dedication
, and Bede says
" I have laboured to educate you
in divine letters and ecclesiastical statutes
" Another textbook of Bede's is
the De orthographia
, a
work on orthography
, designed to help a medieval reader of Latin
with unfamiliar abbreviations and words from
classical Latin works
.

These arguments
, and a discussion of
the distinctions between absolute and relative
time, space
, place and motion
, appear
in a Scholium
at the very beginning of Newton's
work, The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy ( 1687 ), which established
the foundations of
classical mechanics and introduced his law of universal gravitation
, which yielded
the first quantitatively adequate dynamical explanation of planetary motion
.

In
the early
work of Max Planck
, Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr
, the existence of energy
in discrete quantities had been postulated
, in order to explain phenomena
, such as
the spectrum of black-body radiation
, the photoelectric effect
, and
the stability and spectrum of atoms such as hydrogen
, that had eluded explanation by
, and even appeared to be
in contradiction
with, classical physics
.

Most
classical liberals also supported legislation to regulate
the number of hours that children were allowed to
work and usually did not oppose factory reform legislation
.

On
the other hand
, a few practitioners e
. g
. Quinlan Terry still
work in a traditional
classical idiom
.

In order to reinforce his position that
the Greeks were inclined towards plagiarism
, he cites numerous instances of such inappropriate appropriation by
classical Greek writers
, reported second-hand from On Plagiarism
, an anonymous 3rd century BC
work sometimes ascribed to Aretades
.

[...] Not only did he become a well-known patron of expressionist art
: locked
in Clos des Mésanges he began an intensive self-improvement course
in classical music and literature
, and started
work on an autobiography ".

Due to
the limited number of full-time orchestral jobs
, many
classical bassists are similarly not able to find full-time
work with a single orchestra
.

This fruitful collaboration laid
the ground
work for
the classical description of
the Southern Paiute language published
in 1930
, and enabled Sapir to produce
the conclusive evidence linking
the Shoshonean languages to
the Nahuan languages-establishing
the Uto-Aztecan language family on solid evidence
.
A theory of electromagnetism
, known as
classical electromagnetism
, was developed by various physicists over
the course of
the 19th century
, culminating
in the work of James Clerk Maxwell
, who unified
the preceding developments into a single theory and discovered
the electromagnetic nature of light
.

Einhard's literary model
was the classical work of
the Roman historian Suetonius
, the Lives of
the Caesars
, though it is important to stress that
the work is very much Einhard's own
, that is to say he adapts
the models and sources for his own purposes
.

In October 1905 Satie enrolled
in Vincent d ' Indy's Schola Cantorum de Paris to study
classical counterpoint while still continuing his cabaret
work.

Around this
time, composers of
classical music developed a strong interest
in traditional song collecting
, and a number of outstanding composers carried out their own field
work on traditional song
.

But unlike
the classical school and many economists today
, Marx made a clear distinction between labor actually done and an individual's
" labor power
" or ability to
work.

In
the process
, many fragments of
classical learning are preserved which otherwise would have been hopelessly lost ;
" in fact
, in the majority of his works
, including
the Origines
, he contributes little more than
the mortar which connects excerpts from other authors
, as if he
was aware of his deficiencies and had more confidence
in the stilus maiorum than his own
" his translator Katherine Nell MacFarlane remarks ; on
the other hand
, some of these fragments were lost
in the first place because Isidore ’ s
work was so highly regarded — Braulio called it quecunque fere sciri debentur
, " practically everything that it is necessary to know "— that it superseded
the use of many individual works of
the classics themselves
, which were not recopied and have therefore been lost
: " all secular knowledge that
was of use to
the Christian scholar had been winnowed out and contained
in one handy volume ;
the scholar need search no further ".

Perhaps Rousseau's most important
work is The Social Contract
, which outlines
the basis for a legitimate political order within a framework of
classical republicanism
.

It is
the only extant
classical work dealing
with the early history of
the Goths
.
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