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common and adaptive
Similarities which have no adaptive relevance cannot be explained by convergent evolution, and therefore they provide compelling support for the theory of universal common descent.
Pterosaurs were common in the early and middle Cretaceous, but as the Cretaceous proceeded they faced growing competition from the adaptive radiation of birds, and by the end of the period only two highly specialized families remained.
* Myelocytes, which include granulocytes, megakaryocytes and macrophages and are derived from common myeloid progenitors, are involved in such diverse roles as innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and blood clotting.
In contrast to natural selection, which makes gene variants more common or less common depending on their reproductive success, the changes due to genetic drift are not driven by environmental or adaptive pressures, and may be beneficial, neutral, or detrimental to reproductive success.
Analysis of MPI results by Turk and Rudy ( 1988 ) found three classes of chronic pain patient: "( a ) dysfunctional, people who perceived the severity of their pain to be high, reported that pain interfered with much of their lives, reported a higher degree of psychological distress caused by pain, and reported low levels of activity ; ( b ) interpersonally distressed, people with a common perception that significant others were not very supportive of their pain problems ; and ( c ) adaptive copers, patients who reported high levels of social support, relatively low levels of pain and perceived interference, and relatively high levels of activity.
This preference for adaptive over inadaptive forces lead Stephen Jay Gould to call attention to the " hardening of the Modern Synthesis ," a trend in the 1950s where adaptationism took precedent over the pluralism of mechanisms common in the 1930s and 40s.
Limited energy-e. g., lack of food-meant that avoidance of labor not necessary for short-term survival was adaptive ; after all, the energy invested in longer-term plans might be wasted due to unexpected disasters ( very common before human control over our surroundings-technology-grew ).
As the power of digital signal processors has increased, adaptive filters have become much more common and are now routinely used in devices such as mobile phones and other communication devices, camcorders and digital cameras, and medical monitoring equipment.
Larger islands with diverse ecological niches encouraged floral and faunal adaptive radiation, whereby multiple species evolved from a common ancestor, each species adapted to a different ecological niche ; the various species of Hawaiian honeycreepers ( Family Drepanididae ) are a classic example.
In contrast to natural selection, which makes gene variants more common or less common depending on their reproductive success, the changes due to genetic drift are not driven by environmental or adaptive pressures, and may be beneficial, neutral, or detrimental to reproductive success.
There is also the Brazilian initiative, named Open Mind Common Sense in Brazil ( OMCS-Br ), leaded by the Advanced Interaction Lab at Federal University of São Carlos ( LIA-UFSCar ) started in 2005 in collaboration with the Software Agents Group at the MIT Media Lab which main goal is to collect Brazilian's common sense and develop culturally sensitive software applications based on extracting cultural profiles ' knowledge from ConceptNet to help developers and users on better suite the final user's reality on having a culturally contextualized content software, making the final applications more flexible, adaptive, accessible and usable.
Recent effort on adaptive information extraction motivates the development of IE systems that can handle different types of text, from well-structured to almost free text-where common wrappers fail-including mixed types.
This suggests, once again, that polymorphism is a common and important aspect of adaptive evolution in natural populations.
An extension of rejection sampling that can be used to overcome this difficulty and efficiently sample from a large number of distributions ( provided that they are log-concave, which is in fact the case for most of the common distributions ) is known as adaptive rejection sampling.
Taylor and Brown argue that positive illusions are adaptive, since there is evidence that they are more common in normally mentally healthy individuals than in depressed individuals.
# Modern systems that comprise system of systems problems are not monolithic, rather they have five common characteristics: operational independence of the individual systems, managerial independence of the systems, geographical distribution, emergent behavior and evolutionary development: description in the field of evolutionary acquisition of complex adaptive systems in the military.
The regeneration of organs is a common and widespread adaptive capability among metazoan creatures.
In 2004, the Conservation Measures Partnership ( CMP ) – which includes several former BSP members – developed a common set of standards and guidelines for applying adaptive management to conservation projects and programs.
Since there is evidence that positive illusions may be more common in normally mentally healthy individuals than in depressed individuals, Taylor and Brown ( 1988 ) argue that they are adaptive.
The common techniques are inspired by specific immunological theories that explain the function and behavior of the mammalian adaptive immune system.
WPF aims to unify a number of common user interface elements, such as 2D / 3D rendering, fixed and adaptive documents, typography, vector graphics, runtime animation, and pre-rendered media.
The most common definitions used in cryptography are indistinguishability under chosen plaintext attack ( abbreviated IND-CPA ), indistinguishability under ( non-adaptive ) chosen ciphertext attack ( IND-CCA ), and indistinguishability under adaptive chosen ciphertext attack ( IND-CCA2 ).

common and method
Another common method was to cut an onion in two and place each half on the wart for a moment ; ;
The most common method of presenting animation is as a motion picture or video program, although there are other methods.
Because of its simplicity, star hopping is a very common method for finding objects that are close to naked-eye stars.
In The Mysterious Affair at Styles, Poirot operates as a fairly conventional, clue-based detective, depending on logic, which is represented in his vocabulary by two common phrases: his use of " the little grey cells " and " order and method ".
* In the table-top strategy game Warhammer 40, 000, hyperstructures, called " hives ," are extremely common and are the main method of housing large populations in the billions.
The evaluation responses to a group of standardized questioning is a common method for diagnosing alcoholism.
The most common method is the use of dice, generally six-sided.
Five kinds of Phaseolus beans were domesticated by pre-Columbian peoples: common beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) grown from Chile to the northern part of what is now the United States, and lima and sieva beans ( Phaseolus lunatus ), as well as the less widely distributed teparies ( Phaseolus acutifolius ), scarlet runner beans ( Phaseolus coccineus ) and polyanthus beans ( Phaseolus polyanthus ) One especially famous use of beans by pre-Columbian people as far north as the Atlantic seaboard is the " Three Sisters " method of companion plant cultivation:
The soft mud method is the most common, as it is the most economical.
The standard simply provides a shorthand way of claiming that certain specifications are met, while encouraging manufacturers to adhere to a common method for such a specification.
An especially common method of achieving an " over centre " action is to use a spring.
Justice Holmes cautioned that “ the proper derivation of general principals in both common and constitutional law ... arise gradually, in the emergence of a consensus from a multitude of particularized prior decisions .” Justice Cardozo noted thecommon law does not work from pre-established truths of universal and inflexible validity to conclusions derived from them deductively ,” but “ ts method is inductive, and it draws its generalizations from particulars .”
Chu Bong-Foo invented a common input method in 1976 with his Cangjie input method, which assigns different " roots " to each key on a standard computer keyboard.
As a delicate cuisine, oil is not often used in large quantities and there is a relatively heavy emphasis on poaching, steaming and braising, as well as the common Chinese method of stir-frying.
Laser welding is becoming more common as a method of attaching the drive plate to the disc ring with the laser typically being between 2-3KW and a feed rate 1m / minute.
Climate also affects the supply of fuel for cooking ; a common Chinese food preparation method was cutting food into small pieces to cook foods quickly and conserve scarce firewood and charcoal.
* Parameter Value Coverage-In a method taking parameters, have all the common values for such parameters been considered?
The use of same word castas, and a method of stratifying people based on " breed, race, caste " was common in colonial Spain, throughout South America and Central America, within the last 500 years.
* A single committee known as a board of directors is the method favored in most common law countries.
A common method of grading cerebral AVMs is the Spetzler-Martin grade.
In linguistics, the comparative method is a technique for studying the development of languages by performing a feature-by-feature comparison of two or more languages with common descent from a shared ancestor, as opposed to the method of internal reconstruction, which analyzes the internal development of a single language over time.

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