The term " common law " was used to describe the law held in common between the circuits and the different stops in each circuit.

A common analytical tool for this is the SPICE circuit simulator.

In one common arrangement the resistor shown in the circuit above is replaced with a parallel-tuned circuit consisting of an inductor and capacitor in parallel, whose components are chosen to resonate the frequency of the input signal.

Three common models are ( a ) callers whose call-attempts are rejected go away and never come back, ( b ) callers whose call-attempts are rejected try again within a fairly short space of time, and ( c ) the system allows users to wait in queue until a circuit becomes available.

This has several advantages ; no additional resistance ( a shunt, required for the most common current sensing method ) need be inserted in the primary circuit.

However, the small dimensions limit the inductance, and it is far more common to use a circuit called a " gyrator " that uses a capacitor and active components to behave similarly to an inductor.

Early developments of the integrated circuit go back to 1949, when the German engineer Werner Jacobi ( Siemens AG ) filed a patent for an integrated-circuit-like semiconductor amplifying device showing five transistors on a common substrate in a 2-stage amplifier arrangement.

However, common use reduced ISDN to be limited to Q. 931 and related protocols, which are a set of protocols for establishing and breaking circuit switched connections, and for advanced calling features for the user.

But as integrated circuit technology shrank the size and cost of computers in the 1960s and early 1970s, and the memory requirements of AI programs started to exceed the address space of the most common research computer, the DEC PDP-10, researchers considered a new approach: a computer designed specifically to develop and run large artificial intelligence programs, and tailored to the semantics of the Lisp programming language.

Three-rail systems often insulate one of the common rails on a section of track, and use a passing train to complete the circuit and activate an accessory.

* IC ( fabricated in an Integrated circuit ) — most common

One of the common reasons the Supreme Court grants certiorari ( that is, they agree to hear a case ) is if there is a conflict among the circuit courts as to the meaning of a federal law.

Open circuit demand scuba is a 1943 invention by the Frenchmen Émile Gagnan and Jacques-Yves Cousteau, but in the English language Lambertsen's acronym has become common usage and the name Aqua-Lung, ( often spelled " aqualung "), coined by Cousteau for use in English-speaking countries, has fallen into secondary use.

Hat tournaments are common in the Ultimate circuit.

This allowed all the tubes to be heated through a common circuit ( which can as well be AC ) while allowing each cathode to arrive at a voltage independently of the others, removing an unwelcome constraint on circuit design.

According to the common explanation, when electric waves are set up in the neighborhood of this circuit, electromotive forces are generated in it which appear to make the filings move closer together, that is, to cohere, and thus their electrical resistance decreasesaccordingly, Sir Oliver Lodge termed this piece of apparatus a coherer.

In telecommunication, a common battery is a single electrical power source used to energize more than one circuit, electronic component, equipment, or system.

In electrical engineering, ground or earth can refer to the reference point in an electrical circuit from which other voltages are measured, or a common return path for electric current, or a direct physical connection to the Earth.

This is usually a large conductor attached to one side of the power supply ( such as the " ground plane " on a printed circuit board ) which serves as the common return path for current from many different components in the circuit.

An interchange circuit can carry many types of signals and provide many types of service features, such as control signals, timing signals, and common return functions.

One common form for a smartjack is a circuit board with a face plate on one edge, mounted in an enclosure.

Our discussion of this involves using Erik Erikson's schema of `` identity vs. identity diffusion '' as a conceptual tool in superimposing a few common denominators onto the diverse personality and family configurations of the unwed mothers from whose case histories we quoted earlier.

It is also common to apply ANOVA to observational data using an appropriate statistical model.

Amateur astronomers often look at the sky using nothing more than their eyes, but common tools for amateur astronomy include portable telescopes and binoculars.

The transducers in most common loudspeakers ( e. g. woofers and tweeters ), are electromagnetic devices that generate waves using a suspended diaphragm driven by an electromagnetic voice coil, sending off pressure waves.

The emphasis is on social history, and very long-term trends, often using quantification and paying special attention to geography and to the intellectual world view of common people, or " mentality " ( mentalité ).

Stir frying, pan frying, and deep frying tend to be the most common Chinese cooking techniques used in this cuisine, which are all easily done using a wok.

Instead of using RS-422's balanced transmit and receive circuits, the AppleTalk Personal Network cabling used a single common electrical ground, which limited speeds to about 500 kbit / s, but allowed one conductor to be removed.

In common usage, it refers to the simpler properties when using the traditional operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division with smaller values of numbers.

The common practice of using pipes for electrical grounding is discouraged, as it accelerates lead corrosion.

An example of such a state within the common law jurisdiction, and using the black letter legal doctrine is Canada.

Although OBP and SLG have different denominators, it is possible to rewrite the expression for OPS using a common denominator.

A common misconception is to use inverse order of encryption as decryption algorithm ( i. e. first XORing P17 and P18 to the ciphertext block, then using the P-entries in reverse order ).

On that Mississippi riverine system today, including that of other sheltered waterways, industrial barge trafficking in bulk raw materials such as coal, coke, timber, iron ore and other minerals is extremely common in the developed world using huge cargo barges that connect in groups and trains-of-barges in ways which allow cargo volumes and weights which would astonish pioneers of modern barge systems and methods in the Victorian era.

St. Jerome differed with St. Augustine in his Latin translation of the plant known in Hebrew as קיקיון ( qiyqayown ), using Hedera ( from the Greek, meaning ivy ) over the more common Latin cucurbita from which the related English plant name cucumber is derived.

It is also common for writers to include psychological tactics behind the line, using Fifth columnists to spread rumours and untruths among the civil population in the theatre of operations.

The most common methods of lighting the burner are using a match or a spark lighter.

The trend of jewelry-making at home by hobbyists for personal enjoyment or for sale on sites like Etsy has resulted in the common practice of buying wholesale costume jewelry in bulk and using it for parts.

In England, the clerks of Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester, made a practice of using the Latin word consul rather than the more common comes when translating his title of ' Earl '.

If certain coordinate systems are used, for instance, polar-toroidal coordinates ( common in plasma physics ) using the notation ∇ × F will yield an incorrect result.

A video game controller called the X-SKIN, using this system, was expected to be commercially available by 2010 to help make MMORPGs popular on console systems and ease entry of common data such as a username and password, but announcement of its release was available on the In10did website as of 4 March 2012.

Mr. Wait convinced the New York Commissioner of Highways to construct an experimental section of highway near New Paltz, New York, using one sack of Rosendale to six sacks of synthetic cement, and it was proved a success and for decades the Rosendale-synthetic cement blend became common use in highway and bridge construction.

In German, the names to statutes are abbreviated using embedded capitals, e. g. StGB ( Strafgesetzbuch ) for criminal code, PatG ( Patentgesetz ) for Patent Act or the very common GmbH ( Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung ) for Company with Limited Liability.

The full form of the word they replace may be stressed ( and this is a common reason for using it rather than the clitic ).

Three types of cavalry became common: light cavalry, whose riders, armed with javelins, could harass and skirmish ; heavy cavalry, whose troopers, using lances, had the ability to close with their opponents ; and finally those whose equipment allowed them to fight either on horseback or foot.

The most common controllers designed using classical control theory are PID controllers.