The first case recorded of the partial exemption of an abbot from episcopal control is that of Faustus, abbot of Lerins, at the council of Arles, AD 456 ; but the exorbitant claims and exactions of bishops, to which this repugnance to episcopal control is to be traced, far more than to the arrogance of abbots, rendered it increasingly frequent, and, in the 6th century, the practice of exempting religious houses partly or altogether from episcopal control, and making them responsible to the pope alone, received an impulse from Pope Gregory the Great.

The adoption of certain episcopal insignia ( pontificalia ) by abbots was followed by an encroachment on episcopal functions, which had to be specially but ineffectually guarded against by the Lateran council, AD 1123.

This Ecumenical council declared that Jesus Christ was a distinct being of God in existence or reality ( hypostasis ), which the Latin fathers translated as persona.

Praetor Anicius Probus first gave him a place in the council and then in about 372 made him consular prefect or " Governor " of Liguria and Emilia, with headquarters at Milan, which was then ( beside Rome ) the second capital in Italy.

In 1431 he was deputed by John II, king of Castile, to attend the council of Basel, in which he made himself conspicuous by his learning.

He was present at the council of May 1008 at which Wulfstan II, Archbishop of York, preached his Sermo Lupi ad Anglos ( The Sermon of the Wolf to the English ), castigating the English for their moral failings and blaming the latter for the tribulations afflicting the country.

The 1910 Catholic Encyclopedia remarks that " Undeniably secular and ambitious, his moral life was not above reproach, and his unscrupulous methods in no wise accorded with the requirements of his high office ... the heinous crimes of which his opponents in the council accused him were certainly gravely exaggerated.

The municipalities merged in the course of the latest municipal reform of the 1970s are also called Stadtbezirke ( quarters or districts ), and are Ortschaften (“ settlements ”) in terms of Baden-Württemberg ’ s Gemeindeordnung ( municipal code ), which means, each of them has its own council elected by its respective residents ( Ortschaftsrat ) and is presided by a spokesperson ( Ortsvorsteher ).

The town we now call Accrington covers two townships which were established in 1507 following disafforestation ; those of Old Accrington and New Accrington which were merged in 1878 with the incorporation of the borough council.

The following year he convened a council at Alexandria at which he appealed for unity among all those who had faith in Christianity, even if they differed on matters of terminology.

Athanasius ' letters include one " Letter Concerning the Decrees of the Council of Nicaea " ( De Decretis ), which is an account of the proceedings of that council, and another letter in the year 367 which was the first known listing of the New Testament including all those books now accepted everywhere as the New Testament.

Athanasius may have accompanied Alexander to the First Council of Nicaea in 325, the council which produced the Nicene Creed and anathematized Arius and his followers.

The council then forbade Jews in Basel for 200 years, except that their money was helpful in rebuilding after the Basel earthquake of 1356 which destroyed much of the city along with a number of castles in the vicinity.

The council housed him at the Central London District School for paupers, which Chaplin remembered as " a forlorn existence ".

Constantine V convoked a church council in 754, which condemned the worship of images, after which many treasures were broken, burned, or painted over with depictions of trees, birds or animals: One source refers to the church of the Holy Virgin at Blachernae as having been transformed into a " fruit store and aviary ".

The exception however is the foreign affairs council, which has been chaired by the High Representative since the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty.

It is true that the emperor intended it to be a strictly general or truly ecumenical council, at which the Protestants should have a fair hearing.

The council abolished some of the most notorious abuses and introduced or recommended disciplinary reforms affecting the sale of indulgences, the morals of convents, the education of the clergy, the non-residence of bishops ( also bishops having plurality of benefices, which was fairly common ), and the careless fulmination of censures, and forbade dueling.

The doctrinal decisions of the council are divided into decrees ( decreta ), which contain the positive statement of the conciliar dogmas, and into short canons ( canones ), which condemn the dissenting Protestant views with the concluding " anathema sit " (" let him be anathema ").

Most of the official documents and private reports, however, which bear upon the council, were made known in the 16th century and since.

The village, which has its own parish council, has a population of 5, 093 and the parish has an acreage of as of 1961.

On 4 July 1415 the Bull of Gregory XII which appointed Malatesta and Cardinal Dominici of Ragusa as his proxies at the council was formally read before the assembled Bishops.

Mary may not have been told of every Catholic plot to put her on the English throne, but from the Ridolfi Plot of 1571 ( which caused Mary's suitor, the Duke of Norfolk, to lose his head ) to the Babington Plot of 1586, Elizabeth's spymaster Sir Francis Walsingham and the royal council keenly assembled a case against her.

The council convoked by Callistus II was significant in size: three hundred bishops and more than six hundred abbots assembled at Rome in March, 1123 ; Callistus presided in person.

The initial proceedings were interrupted by the violent entry of iconoclast soldiers faithful to the memory of the prior Emperor Constantine V. This caused the council to be adjourned until a reliable army could be assembled to protect any proceedings.

# Iconodules further argued that decisions such as whether icons ought to be venerated were properly made by the church assembled in council, not imposed on the church by an emperor.

During these disorders, the Council of State still assembled at the usual place and the " Lord President Bradshaw John Bradshaw ( judge ), who was present, though by long sickness very weak and much extenuated, yet animated by his ardent zeal and constant affection to the common cause, upon hearing Col Syndenham's justifications of the proceedings of the army in again disrupting parliament, stood up and interrupted him, declaring his abhorrence of that detestable action, and telling the council, that being now going to his God, he had not patience to sit there to hear his great name so openly blasphemed ; and thereupon departed to his lodgings, and withdrew himself from public employment.

217 bishops assembled in a council at Carthage in 535 submitted to John II a decision about whether bishops who had lapsed into Arianism should, on repentance, keep their rank or be admitted only to lay communion.

The council assembled on September 24, 787 at the church of St. Sophia.

Although some of his supporters tried to dissuade him from undertaking the journey, Robert convened a council in January 1035 and had the assembled Norman magnates swear fealty to William as his heir before leaving for Jerusalem.

Approved by a vote of 2, 307 to 75 of the bishops assembled at the council, it was promulgated by Pope Paul VI on 7 December 1965, the day the council ended.

Approved by a vote of 2, 318 to 3 of the bishops assembled at the council, the decree was promulgated by Pope Paul VI on October 28, 1965.

At this point, Cyril formally opened the council on Monday 22 June by enthroning the Gospels in the centre of the church, as a symbol of Christ's presence among the assembled bishops.

Eugene IV at length convened a rival council at Ferrara on 8 January 1438 and excommunicated the prelates assembled at Basel.

Greenlanders shared a written language and assembled a council under Eske Brun's leadership in Nuuk.

When the Oxford Parliament was assembled during the Civil War in 1644, Oriel housed the Executive Committee of the Privy council, Parliament being held at neighbouring Christ Church.

Considerable powers had been decreed to Church councils by the Council of Constance, which amid the troubles of the Western Schism had proclaimed the superiority, in certain cases, of the council over the pope, and the fathers at Basel insisted upon their right of remaining assembled.

Abandoned by a number of his cardinals, condemned by most of the powers, deprived of his dominions by condottieri who shamelessly invoked the authority of the council, the pope made concession after concession, and ended on 15 December 1433 with a pitiable surrender of all the points at issue in a Papal bull, the terms of which were dictated by the fathers of Basel, that is, by declaring his bull of dissolution null and void, and recognising that the synod as legitimately assembled throughout.

In 1413, he went to Germany on an embassy to the emperor Sigismund, the object of which was to fix a place for the church council that later assembled at Constance.

In the early part of the ninth century, it was a frequent residence of Egbert of Wessex, and, in 960, King Edgar assembled a national council there to plan a defence against the Danes in the north.

From around 1672, the year of the coming of age of Charles XI, the council was assembled less and less frequently and eventually the king ruled autocratically, using an ad hoc group of trusted relations and advisors to discuss a particular matter or group of matters.

A major council assembled to ratify the Treaty of Pereyaslav in 1654 was the last for thirty years.

Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, through whose influence the council had been assembled, was absent during the whole of 1416 on a diplomatic mission in France and England ; but when he returned to Constance in January 1417, as the open ally of the English king, Hallam as Henry V's trusted representative obtained increased importance, and contrived to emphasize English prestige by delivering the address of welcome to Sigismund.

While the council of barons which Charlemagne has assembled to decide the traitor's fate is initially swayed by this claim, one man, Thierry, argues that, because Roland was serving Charlemagne when Ganelon delivered his revenge on him, Ganelon's action constitutes a betrayal of the emperor.