By decree of pope Leo X they were created papal nobles, ranking as Comes palatinus (' Count Palatine '), familiars and members of the papal household, so that they might enjoy all the privileges of domestic prelates and of prelates in actual attendance on the Pope, as regards plurality of benefices as well as expectives.

Later, the term was widely used in canon law for an important determination, especially a decree issued by the Pope, now referred to as an apostolic constitution.

Under the 1587 decree of Pope Sixtus V, which fixed the maximum size of the College of Cardinals, there were 14 cardinal deacons.

This decree, however, is not considered valid by the Magisterium of the Catholic Church, since it was never approved by Pope Gregory XII or his successors, and was passed by the Council in a session before his confirmation.

This decree was clarified somewhat by Pope Pius XI on June 2, 1927, who allowed that the Comma Johanneum was open to dispute, and it was further explicated by Pope Pius XII's Divino Afflante Spiritu.

The latest certain dates for the use of papyrus are 1057 for a papal decree ( typically conservative, all papal " bulls " were on papyrus until 1022 ), under Pope Victor II, and 1087 for an Arabic document.

The papal election of 1061, which Hildebrand had arranged in conformity with the papal decree of 1059 ( see Pope Nicholas II ), was not sanctioned by the imperial court of Germany.

One of John XXI's few acts during his brief reign was the reversal of a decree recently passed at the Second Council of Lyon ( 1274 ) that not only confined cardinals in solitude until they elected a successor Pope, but also progressively restricted their supplies of food and wine if their deliberations took too long.

In 1593, the bull Caeca et Obdurata reiterated Pope Pius V's decree of 1569 which banned Jews from living in the Papal states outside the cities of Rome, Ancona, and Avignon.

The Pope went on to engage in the Suppression of the Jesuits, the decree to this effect being written in November 1772, and signed in July 1773.

He issued two other decrees: one confirmed an earlier decree of Pope Gregory X that ordered the shutting of the cardinals in a conclave to elect a new pope ; the second declared the right of any pope to abdicate the papacy, a right that he himself exercised at the end of five months and eight days at Naples on 13 December 1294.

A Papal decree concerning the donations of the faithful at Mass is attributed to Pope Urban:

However, the legislation of Pope Nicholas II ( in the famous decree of 1059 ) pre-empted the choice of the majority of the cardinal priests and cardinal deacons.

Acceding to the wishes of many of the bishops, Pope Pius XII judged it expedient also to reduce the rubrics of the missal to a simpler form, a simplification enacted by a decree of the Sacred Congregation of Rites of 23 March 1955.

There was controversy over revisions of the decree on religious freedom and the failure to vote on it during the third period, but Pope Paul promised that this schema would be the first to be reviewed in the next period.

In the decree Nostra Aetate, Pope Paul VI in Council declared that:

Gladstone claimed that this decree had placed British Catholics in a dilemma over their loyalty to the Crown and their loyalty to the Pope.

* July 16 – Cardinal Humbertus, a representative of Pope Leo IX, and Michael Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople, decree each other's excommunication.

Pope Clement V ordered by decree the suppression of the order.

Three months later Louis published a decree declaring " Jacque de Cahors " ( Pope John XXII ) deposed on grounds of heresy.

Under a decree supposedly issued by Roman Emperor Constantine the Great, the Pope was granted secular authority over western Europe.

One of the shorter documents of the Council, the decree was approved by a vote of 2, 321 to 4 of the assembled bishops, and promulgated by Pope Paul VI on October 28, 1965.

Approved by a vote of 2, 318 to 3 of the bishops assembled at the council, the decree was promulgated by Pope Paul VI on October 28, 1965.

On 11 June, he confirmed the Minor Observantines in the Holy Land in the privileges and indulgences granted to those who visit the holy places, according to the decree of Popes Alexander VII and Clement IX.

Hence, although the government of Egypt had been Greek-speaking ever since the conquests of Alexander the Great, the Memphis decree, like the two preceding decrees in the series, included texts in Egyptian to display its relevance to the general populace by way of the literate Egyptian priesthood.

Both sought Frederick ’ s support, Frederick, busy with the siege of Crema, appeared unsupportive of Alexander III, and after the sacking of Crema demanded that Alexander appear before the emperor at Pavia and to accept the imperial decree.

* At Maracanda, Alexander murders Clitus, one of his most trusted commanders, friend and foster-brother, in a drunken quarrel ; but his excessive display of remorse leads the army to pass a decree convicting Clitus posthumously of treason.

The city of Helsinki, previously just a small village, was rebuilt on a rocky peninsula near the sea in 1812 by decree of Alexander I, Grand-duke of Finland.

Although it is likely that schoolboys were taught by monks well beforehand, by 1179 Westminster School had certainly become a public school ( i. e., a school available to members of the public from across the country, so long as they could pay their own costs, rather than private tuition provided to the nobility ) as a decree of Pope Alexander III required the Benedictine monks of the Abbey at Westminster to provide a charity school to local boys.

In a decree signed on 23 March 1656, Pope Alexander VII accepted practices " favorable to Chinese customs ", reinforcing 1615 decrees which accepted the usage of the Chinese language in liturgy, a notable exception to the contemporary Latin Catholic discipline which had generally forbidden the use of local languages.

The city of Helsinki, previously just a small village, was rebuilt on a rocky peninsula near the sea in 1812 by decree of Alexander I, Emperor of Russia.

Before issuing the decree, President Alexander Lukashenko listened to five possible candidates for the national anthem.

As Nicholas I replaced Alexander, he issued a decree ( February 6, 1826 ), intending to force assimilation of the Doukhobors by means of military conscription, prohibiting their meetings, and encouraging conversions to the established church.

The decree, which became official law on the 4 March 1939, pronounced King Alexander I ’ s underage sons King Peter II, Prince Tomislav and Prince Andrew, in equal parts, heirs to his entire estate.

In 2002, however, Alexander Lukashenko has signed a decree requiring 50 % of all FM broadcast music to be Belarusian in origin, and since January 1, 2005 the rule was made even stricter ( 75 % of daily broadcast music must be Belarusian ).

The Catalogue of Tzarigrad Patriarchy ( April 1855 ), Athens Sintagma, letter of Tzarigrad Patriarch Grigorius to St. Petar I Petrovic Njegos ( dated 29 January 1798 ), and against the claims of other documents, see here and here ( a list of historical documents ; external links are in Serbian ) are interpreted by the MOC that the Church of Montenegro was independent and autocephalous until Yugoslav regent Alexander I of Yugoslavia abolished it and incorporated, by the decree of 17 ( 30 ) June 1920, with Serb-Orthodox churches into a Serbian Orthodox Church, an act which received subsequently canonical recognition from the Ecumenical Patriarchate.

The Ems Ukaz, or Ems Ukase (, Emskiy ukaz ;, Ems ’ kyy ukaz ), was a secret decree ( ukaz ) of Tsar Alexander II of Russia issued in 1876, banning the use of the Ukrainian language in print, with the exception of reprinting of old documents.

Tsar Alexander II appointed an Imperial Commission on Ukrainophile Propaganda in the Southern Provinces of Russia, which found evidence of a danger to the state, and recommended extending the scope of the Valuyev decree.

Thereupon King Constantine issued a decree, gazetted 10 September 1922, recognizing the marriage of Alexander to Aspasia.

Although by decree of 1631, and by Bull of Alexander VII ( 1664 ), it was strictly forbidden to make any additions to the litanies, another decree of the Congregation of Rites, dated 1675, permitted the Confraternity of the Rosary to add the invocation " Regina sacratissimi rosarii ", and this was prescribed for the whole Church by Leo XIII ( 24 Dec., 1883 ).

After a 2005 decree by president Alexander Lukashenko on the restriction of the usage of the words Беларускі (" Belarusian " and " Народны " (" National ", " Popular ", " People's ") in the names of political parties and movements, the party had to change its official name to " BPF Party ".

The cantonist policy was abolished by Tsar Alexander II's decree on 26 August 1856, in the aftermath of the Russian defeat in the Crimean war, which made evident the dire necessity for the modernisation of the Russian military forces.

A provisional centralised administration started to be created by the Austrians in February 1849, Alexander Bach issued a decree on provisional organisation of the Kingdom of Hungary in early August 1849 and a regulation on the administrative system of the Kingdom of Hungary followed on October 24.

Established in the February 1807 decree of Emperor Alexander I, it was intended as a reward for " undaunted courage " by the lower ranks ( soldiers, sailors and NCOs ) of the military.

The cities perforce complied, but often ironically: the Spartan decree read, ' Since Alexander wishes to be a god, let him be a god.