Some evolutionary biologists, such as Richard Lewontin and the late Stephen Jay Gould have employed dialectical materialism in their approach, playing a precautionary heuristic role in their work.

* the dialectical approach to military analysis

This dialectical approach of Buddhism, to the elucidation and articulation of an account of the Cosmos as the truth it really is, became known as the Perfection of Wisdom and was later developed by other notable thinkers, such as Dignaga and Dharmakirti ( between 500 and 700 ).

1985 ISBN 0-674-20281-3 ), Richard Levins and Richard Lewontin sketch a dialectical approach to biology.

Those following the political view would see the May 1968 uprisings as a logical outcome of the SI's dialectical approach: while savaging present day society, they sought a revolutionary society which would embody the positive tendencies of capitalist development.

Hegel, the German philosopher most famous for his dialectical approach to epistemology and history, also applied such a methodology to his theory of tragedy.

Buchloh, in the collection of essays Neo-avantgarde and Culture Industry ( 2000 ) critically argues for a dialectical approach to these positions.

The dialectical writings of Hegel, which articulate a developmental philosophy of change and growth, seemed to him to lend themselves to an organic, even ecological approach.

R. D. Laing and David Cooper consider the Critique of Dialectical Reason an attempt to " establish the dialectical bases for a structural anthropology ", one which, through a dialectical approach, " seeks to demarcate the limits and validity of dialectical reason.

The SLL fought to make dialectical materialism the cornerstone of its political approach.

A Soviet biologist named Trofim Lysenko rejected Western science — then focused primarily on making advances in theoretical genetics, based on research with the fruit fly ( Drosophila melanogaster ) -- and proposed a more socially relevant approach to farming that was based on the collectivist principles of dialectical materialism.

Advocates assert that Taoism as well as some forms of Buddhism ( most notably Zen or Chan ) are based on an approach consistent with or identical to dialectical monism.

Like many academics in the humanities during the Cold War, Ward refrained from direct opposition to American foreign policy for most of his career, although his work, much of which is included in his career retrospective Red, White, and Blue: Men, Books, and Ideas in American Culture, implies a dialectical approach to understanding culture that would influence the New Left and other expressly radical critics.

In addition, Brueggemann's development of OT theological methods consists of literary mode, social function, and dialectical approach.

Representative is his dialectical approach towards “ presence ” and “ absence ”, which adds to the creation of tension that he wants to bring about visually and mentally.

Houtart, over the years, has developed a dialectical approach to study religions in the world.

What they discuss with dialectical seriousness is the degree to which sex can inspire the Muse.

The graveness of the situation is also indicated by the dialectical style with which Malachi confronts his audience.

His thinking is often described as Hegelian because of his references to dialectical thinking but, although he probably knew Hegel, Clausewitz's dialectic is quite different and there is little reason to consider him a disciple.

The first is his dialectical thesis: " War is thus an act of force to compel our enemy to do our will.

" The second, often treated as Clausewitz's ' bottom line ,' is in fact merely his dialectical antithesis: " War is merely the continuation of policy by other means.

" The synthesis of his dialectical examination of the nature of war is his famous " trinity ," saying that war is " a fascinating trinity — composed of primordial violence, hatred, and enmity, which are to be regarded as a blind natural force ; the play of chance and probability, within which the creative spirit is free to roam ; and its element of subordination, as an instrument of policy, which makes it subject to pure reason.

Dialectics as represented in dialectical materialism is a theory of the general and abstract factors that govern the development of nature, society, and thought.

It is important to note that ' dialectical contradiction ' is not about simple ' opposites ' or ' negation '.

The philosophic solution that Lenin ( and Engels ) proposed was " dialectical materialism ", wherein matter is defined as " objective reality ", theoretically consistent with ( new ) developments occurred in the sciences.

It is the scientific conviction that dialectical materialism is the road to truth, and that its methods can be developed, expanded, and deepened, only along the lines laid down by its founders.

As did Louis Althusser, who later defined Marxism and psychoanalysis as " conflictual sciences "; that political factions and revisionism are inherent to Marxist theory and political praxis, because dialectical materialism is the philosophic product of class struggle:

Moreover, " the premise of dialectical materialism is, we recall: ' It is not men's consciousness that determines their existence, but, on the contrary, their social existence that determines their consciousness '.

B. Ruby Rich argues that women ’ s relationships with film is instead dialectical, consciously filtering the images and messages they receive through cinema, and reprocessing them to elicit their own meanings.

According to many Marxists influenced by Soviet Marxism, historical materialism is a specifically sociological method, while dialectical materialism refers to a more general, abstract, philosophy.

His dialectical success against the Buddhists is confirmed by Buddhist historian Tathagata, who reports that Kumārila defeated disciples of Buddhapalkita, Bhavya, Dharmadasa, Dignaga and others.

Thus, Boyarin has argued that " Jewishness disrupts the very categories of identity, because it is not national, not genealogical, not religious, but all of these, in dialectical tension.

Aristotle gives Parmenides serious consideration but concludes ; " Although these opinions seem to follow logically in a dialectical discussion, yet to believe them seems next door to madness when one considers the facts.

Marxist dialectics is exemplified in Das Kapital ( Capital ), which outlines two central theories: ( i ) surplus value and ( ii ) the materialist conception of history ; Marx explains dialectical materialism:

Surplus-value is not a fixed category but a dialectical, developing one, because the forms in which new value is created and appropriated, and the way the burdens of productive work are shifted between strata of the population, change over time.

Karl Marx makes this abundantly clear in his dialectical derivation of the forms of value in the first chapters of Das Kapital ( see value-form ).

Albert and Hahnel argued that while those aspects of Marxist theory rejecting the institutions of private property and markets were well-founded, other aspects of Marxist and Marxist – Leninist doctrine, including its economistic bias, dialectical methodology, historical materialism, class concepts, labour theory of value, crises theory and rejection of visionary thinking, and authoritarian values and tendencies, were either partially or wholly flawed ; and often constituted obstacles in the struggle for social justice.

Marx's analysis of value was " dialectical " in the sense that he thought value phenomena could only be understood dynamically, holistically and relationally, but he did not spell out all the conceptual, quantitative and logical implications of his position with great exactitude.

Social credit rejects dialectical materialistic philosophy.

Whereas solipsism would feel trapped in realization of its solitude, Actualism rejects such a privation and is an expression of the only freedom which is possible within objective contingencies, where the transcendental self does not even exist as an object, and the dialectical co-substantiation of others necessary to understand the empirical self are felt as true others when found to be the unrelativistic subjectivity of that whole self and essentially unified with the spirit of such higher self in actu, where others can be truly known, rather than thought as windowless monads.

While James G. Lennox thoroughly rejects the author's historical conclusions, and he recommends against construing Rand's method of challenging dichotomies or " false alternatives " as " dialectical ," he also writes, " ts author has an encyclopedic familiarity with the writings of Ayn Rand and with virtually everyone who has advocated, commented on, or written critically about Objectivism.