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disproof and with
* In Tom Stoppard's play Jumpers, the philosopher George Moore attempts a practical disproof with bow and arrow of the Dichotomy Paradox, with disastrous consequences for the hare and the tortoise.
When the demon has been banished Sam ends up playing with the Fermat's Theorem disproof fragment the demon left behind and thinking about summoning the demon and tricking him again.
He was notable for his work along with S. S. Shrikhande and E. T. Parker in their disproof of the famous conjecture made by Leonhard Euler dated 1782 that there do not exist two mutually orthogonal Latin squares of order 4n + 2 for every n.
However, Rosen was unhappy with this revision and eventually published his own version, which retained the erroneous " disproof " of the prediction of gravitational radiation.

disproof and was
He believed the experiments provided " the most convincing disproof imaginable that dowsers can do what they claim ," stating that the data analysis was " special, unconventional and customized.
Islam counters this by offering a disproof of the underlying premise, that Jesus ever was crucified.
Stellar parallax was not measurable until the 19th Century, and therefore there was at the time no valid disproof of the Tychonic system on empirical grounds, nor any decisive observational evidence for the Copernican system.
Moreover his theory of the cold earth at rest and the hot sun in motion was doomed to disproof at the hands of Copernicus.

disproof and presented
Isaac Newton ( 1687 ) presented a disproof of Descartes ' vortex theory of the motion of the planets.

disproof and by
Moore argued that once arguments based on the naturalistic fallacy had been discarded, questions of intrinsic goodness could only be settled by appeal to what he ( following Sidgwick ) called " moral intuitions :" self-evident propositions which recommend themselves to moral reflection, but which are not susceptible to either direct proof or disproof ( PE § 45 ).
Solipsism is not a falsifiable hypothesis as described by Karl Popper or Imre Lakatos: there does not seem to be an imaginable disproof.
And by " non-evident " he means things which lie beyond appearances ( and thus beyond proof or disproof ), such as the existence and / or nature of causality, time, motion, or even proof itself.
Typically, the computer can recognize the axioms and logical rules for deriving theorems, and the computer can recognize whether a proof is valid, but to determine whether a proof exists for a statement is only soluble by `` waiting " for the proof or disproof to be generated.
This has been suggested by many as a conclusive disproof of any Le Sage type of theory.
All questions of fact are capable of proof or disproof, by reference to a certain standard of proof.
In fact the latest Jet Propulsion Laboratory review ( 2010 ) undertaken by Turyshev and Toth claims to rule out the cosmological connection by considering rather conventional sources while other scientists provided a disproof based on the physical implications of cosmological models themselves.

disproof and .
A disproof of Euclidean geometry as a description of physical space.
As is true of all axioms of logic, the law of non-contradiction is alleged to be neither verifiable nor falsifiable, on the grounds that any proof or disproof must use the law itself prior to reaching the conclusion.
Here elenchi is the genitive singular of the Latin noun elenchus, which is from the Greek elenchos, meaning an argument of disproof or refutation.
If a statement P is provable, then it is certainly impossible to prove that there is no proof of P. But even if it can be shown that no disproof of P is possible, we cannot conclude from this absence that there is a proof of P. Thus P is a stronger statement than not-not-P.
A disproof of a conjecture of Polya.
The failure of certain measurements ( such as the non-negative ratios in the example ) to be obtained at once, together from one and the same set of trials, and thus their failure to satisfy Wigner – d ' Espagnat inequalities, has been characterized as constituting disproof of Einstein's notion of local realism.
This estimate of the Earth's magnitude, giving 691 miles ( 1112 km ) to 10 °, made the two results, the discrepancy between which Newton had regarded as a disproof of his conjecture, to agree so exactly that he now regarded his conjecture as fully established.
The surprising discovery of the Weaire – Phelan structure and disproof of the Kelvin conjecture is one reason for the caution in accepting Hales ' proof of the Kepler conjecture.
If the quantum physical rules apply universally, then the above-described complementarity constitutes experimental disproof of fatalism.
There had been no absolute disproof of the veneration of a Great Goddess, only a demonstration that the evidence concerned admitted of alternative explanations.
The case of the proposal and then disproof of the mesosome hypothesis has been discussed from the viewpoint of the philosophy of science as an example of how a scientific idea can be falsified and the hypothesis then rejected, and analyzed to explore how the scientific community carries out this testing process.

roundaboutness and with
Samuelson gives an example involving both the Sraffian concept of new products made with labor employing capital goods represented by dead or " dated labor " ( rather than machines having an independent role ) and the " Austrian " concept of " roundaboutness " — supposedly a physical measure of capital intensity.

roundaboutness and was
Austrian School economist Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk maintained that capital intensity was measured by the roundaboutness of production processes.
But Böhm-Bawerk said that what they missed was the process itself, the roundaboutness, which necessarily involves the passage of time.

roundaboutness and capital
The Austrian School maintains that the capital intensity of any industry is due to the roundaboutness of the particular industry and consumer demand.

economies and with
and they have begun to develop a capacity to deal realistically and simultaneously with all the major sectors of their economies.
The Economy of Angola is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, with the Economist asserting that for 2001 to 2010, Angolas ' Annual average GDP growth was 11. 1 percent.
" Capitalism ," as anarcho-capitalists employ the term, is not to be confused with state monopoly capitalism, crony capitalism, corporatism, or contemporary mixed economies, wherein market incentives and disincentives may be altered by state action.
As an offshore financial centre, the British Virgin Islands enjoys one of the more prosperous economies of the Caribbean region, with a per capita average income of around $ 38, 500 ( 2004 est.
In the light of the blockage concerning the entry into force of the Ban amendment, Switzerland and Indonesia have launched a “ Country-led Initiative ” ( CLI ) to discuss in an informal manner a way forward to ensure that the transboundary movements of hazardous wastes, especially to developing countries and countries with economies in transition, do not lead to an unsound management of hazardous wastes.
The Eastern leaders retaliated against these steps by integrating the economies of their nations in Comecon, their version of the Marshall Plan ; exploding the first Soviet atomic device in 1949 ; signing an alliance with People's Republic of China in February 1950 ; and forming the Warsaw Pact, Eastern Europe's counterpart to NATO, in 1955.
The second noteworthy characteristic is that the country borders on very different parts of the African continent: North Africa, with its Islamic culture and economic orientation toward the Mediterranean Basin ; West Africa, with its diverse religions and cultures and its history of highly developed states and regional economies ; Northeast Africa, oriented toward the Nile Valley and Red Sea region ; and Central or Equatorial Africa, some of whose people have retained classical African religions while others have adopted Christianity, and whose economies were part of the great Congo River system.
O ' Flaherty illustrates two similar attracting advantages known as increasing returns to scale and economies of scale, which are concepts normally associated with firms.
Costume jewelry manufacturers are located throughout the world, with a particular concentration in parts of China and India, where entire city-wide and region-wide economies are dominated by the trade of these goods.
) Opponents of this concept argue that local currency creates a barrier which can interfere with economies of scale and comparative advantage, and that in some cases they can serve as a means of tax evasion.
The most recent bank model, was introduced together with the euro, involves coordination of the European national banks, which continue to manage their respective economies separately in all respects other than currency exchange and base interest rates.
Since most Western economies are now considered " open " with free capital movement, this essentially means that central banks may target interest rates or exchange rates with credibility, but not both at once.
According to the Stalinist development policy of planned interdependence, all the economies of the socialist countries were linked tightly with that of the Soviet Union.
Critics of planned economies argue that planners cannot detect consumer preferences, shortages, and surpluses with sufficient accuracy and therefore cannot efficiently co-ordinate production ( in a market economy, a free price system is intended to serve this purpose ).
Says Hahnel, " Combined with a more democratic political system, and redone to closer approximate a best case version, centrally planned economies no doubt would have performed better.
The World State in Aldous Huxley's Brave New World and Airstrip One in George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty Four are both fictional examples of command economies, albeit with diametrically opposed aims: The former is a consumer economy designed to engender productivity while the latter is a shortage economy designed as an agent of totalitarian social control.
In Ursula K. Le Guin's science fiction novel The Dispossessed, published 1974, mainstream capitalist and state socialist economies on the planet Urras are contrasted with an anarchist self-managed economy on its orbiting twin Anarres.
He is generally credited with developing China into one of the fastest growing economies in the world for over 30 years and raising the standard of living of hundreds of millions of Chinese.
A study published in 2009 took into account data sets from major world economies and correlated them with inequality indices.
In this case, with perfect competition in the output market the long-run equilibrium will involve all firms operating at the minimum point of their long-run average cost curves ( i. e., at the borderline between economies and diseconomies of scale ).
Supermarkets brought with them a self service approach to shopping using shopping carts, and were able to offer quality food at lower cost through economies of scale and reduced staffing costs.

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