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fallout and shelter
Meditations from a fallout shelter
Sir -- I read of a man who felt he should not build a fallout shelter in his home because it would be selfish for him to sit secure while his neighbors had no shelters.
In designing his home fallout shelter there is nothing to prevent a man from planning to shelter that home's occupants, `` plus-one '' -- so he will be able to take in a stranger.
An outdoor, aboveground fallout shelter also may be built with concrete blocks.
The shelter would provide almost absolute fallout protection.
This shelter, as shown on page 24, would provide almost absolute protection from fallout radiation.
The shelter shown would provide almost absolute fallout protection.
Another type of shelter which gives excellent fallout protection can be built as an added room to the basement of a home under construction.
The first 12-inch mix (" Annihilation ") started with an air-raid siren, and unfolded as a ground-breaking extended deconstruction and reinvention of the basic track, including Allen's starkest advice about how to tag and dispose of family members should they die in the fallout shelter ( taken from the public information film Casualties ).
A sign pointing to an old fallout shelter in New York City.
A fallout shelter is an enclosed space specially designed to protect occupants from radioactive debris or fallout resulting from a nuclear explosion.
Idealized American fallout shelter circa 1957.
In November 1961 in Fortune magazine, an article by Gilbert Burck appeared that outlined the plans of Nelson Rockefeller, Edward Teller, Herman Kahn, and Chet Holifield for an enormous network of concrete lined underground fallout shelters throughout the United States sufficient to shelter millions of people to serve as a refuge in case of nuclear war.
Switzerland built an extensive network of fallout shelters, not only through extra hardening of government buildings such as schools, but also through a building regulation that ensured that all residential building built after 1968 contained a nuclear shelter able to withstand a blast from a 50 megaton explosion at a distance of 700 metres.
Door to a light fallout shelter.
A basic fallout shelter consists of shields that reduce gamma ray exposure by a factor of 1000.
Usually, an expedient purpose-built fallout shelter is a trench ; with a strong roof buried by c. 1 m ( 3 ft ) of dirt.
Any exposure to fine dust is far less hazardous than exposure to the fallout outside the shelter.
While the family is preparing for the wedding of their eldest daughter, Denise, they are forced to prepare for the impending attack by converting their basement into a makeshift fallout shelter.
Then they were faced briefly with an image of a desperate family in a fallout shelter, which vanished and was replaced by a series of images reflecting the sweep of history, starting with the Acropolis and ending with an image of Marilyn Monroe ( but, again, including a mushroom cloud ).
Finally, the tour ended with a symbolic sculptural tree and the reappearance of the family in the fallout shelter and the sound of a ticking clock, a brief silence, an extract from President Kennedy's Inaugural Address, followed by a further " symphony of music and color.

fallout and is
Until Moscow resumed nuclear testing last September 1, the US and UK had released more than twice as much radiation into the atmosphere as the Russians, and the fallout from the earlier blasts is still coming down.
Most of these would be in the Northern Hemisphere, where the fallout is concentrating.
The Federal Government is aiding local governments in several places to survey residential, commercial and industrial buildings to determine what fallout protection they would provide, and for how many people.
However, Clarke states that the Star Child is not concerned that many would be killed by the fallout passing through Earth's atmosphere.
Thus, a practical fallout shield is ten halving-thicknesses of packed dirt, reducing gamma rays by approximately 1024 times ( 2 < sup > 10 </ sup >).
Unfiltered air is safe, since the most dangerous fallout has the consistency of sand or finely ground pumice.
The normal work is to sweep or wash fallout into shallow trenches to decontaminate the area.
Benjamin said, " Hezbollah maintains a presence in Europe and its recent activities demonstrate that it is not constrained by concerns about collateral damage or political fallout that could result from conducting operations there ... We assess that Hezbollah could attack in Europe or elsewhere at any time with little or no warning " and that Hezbollah has " stepped up terrorist campaigns around the world.
Local fallout is dust and ash from a bomb crater, contaminated with radioactive fission products.
While natural strontium is stable, the synthetic < sup > 90 </ sup > Sr isotope is present in radioactive fallout and has a half-life of 28. 90 years.
Exposure to strontium-90, iodine-131, and other fission products is unrelated to uranium exposure, but may result from medical procedures or exposure to spent reactor fuel or fallout from nuclear weapons.
However, the intense pulse of high-energy neutrons that is generated is intended as the principal killing mechanism, not the fallout, heat or blast.
It is thought that the fallout contributed to the Israeli Labour Party's defeat in the May 1977 elections.
The radio-biological hazard of worldwide fallout is essentially a long-term one because of the potential accumulation of long-lived radioisotopes ( such as strontium-90 and caesium-137 ) in the body as a result of ingestion of foods containing the radioactive materials.
This hazard is less pertinent than local fallout, which is of much greater immediate operational concern.

fallout and designed
American fallout shelters in the early 1960s were sometimes funded in conjunction with funding for other federal programs, such as urban renewal projects of the Federal Housing Authority, examples being Barrington Plaza, and other development projects of Los Angeles County Civil Defense and Disaster Commissioner, Louis Lesser, and were designed for large numbers of citizens.
The former Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries often designed their underground mass-transit and subway tunnels to serve as bomb and fallout shelters in the event of an attack.
Another version is the salted bomb, a true nuclear weapon designed to produce larger amounts of nuclear fallout than a regular nuclear weapon.
A salted bomb is a possible nuclear weapon designed to produce enhanced quantities of radioactive fallout, rendering a large area uninhabitable.
A cobalt bomb is a theoretical type of " salted bomb ": a nuclear weapon designed to produce enhanced amounts of radioactive fallout, intended to contaminate a large area with radioactive material.
Developed by the Soviet Union, the bomb was originally designed to have a yield of about, but the yield was reduced to 50 megatons to reduce nuclear fallout ( and also to prevent the blast from destroying the drop aircraft ).
Most hypothetical constructions rely on the fact that hydrogen bombs can be made arbitrarily large assuming there are no concerns about delivering them to a target ( see Teller – Ulam design ) or that they can be " salted " with materials designed to create long-lasting and hazardous fallout ( e. g., a cobalt bomb ).
A fallout shelter is a shelter designed specifically for a nuclear war, with thick walls made from materials intended to block the radiation from fallout resulting from a nuclear explosion.
The Diefenbunkers, Canada's military-operated fallout shelters designed to ensure continuity of government, were decommissioned.
The basement level of the school, currently a fitness center ( nicknamed " The Pit "), was designed to be used as a fallout shelter capable of protecting 1, 000 people in the event of a nuclear incident.

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