Astronomers produce new fundamental ephemerides as the accuracy of observation improves and as the understanding of the dynamics increases, and from these ephemerides various astronomical values, including the obliquity, are derived.

Supporting this theory is the observation that all fundamental forces except gravity have one or more known messenger particles, leading researchers to believe that at least one most likely does exist ; they have dubbed these hypothetical particles gravitons.

Heidegger's philosophy is founded on the attempt to conjoin what he considers two fundamental insights: the first is his observation that, in the course of over 2, 000 years of history, philosophy has attended to all the beings that can be found in the world ( including the " world " itself ), but has forgotten to ask what " being " itself is.

Astronomers produce new fundamental ephemerides as the accuracy of observation improves and as the understanding of the dynamics increases, and from these ephemerides various astronomical values, including the obliquity, are derived.

Structure is a fundamental, tangible or intangible notion referring to the recognition, observation, nature, and permanence of patterns and relationships of entities.

This was the point which Kant missed in his analysis, and this is the fundamental truth which Cousin thinks he has restored to the integrity of philosophy by the method of the observation of consciousness.

The motivation to these proposals is mainly theoretical, based on the following observation: The Planck energy is expected to play a fundamental role in a theory of quantum gravity, setting the scale at which quantum gravity effects cannot be neglected and new phenomena might become important.

This is at the level of an observation, but is a fundamental property.

Weiss has brought two fields of fundamental physics research from birth to maturity: characterization of the cosmic background radiation, and interferometric gravitational wave observation.

His contributions include one of the earliest detailed descriptions of the cell nucleus and cytoplasmic streaming ; the first observation of Brownian motion ; early work on plant pollination and fertilisation, including being the first to recognise the fundamental difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms ; and some of the earliest studies in palynology.

The process of measurement is central to quantitative research because it provides the fundamental connection between empirical observation and mathematical expression of quantitative relationships.

He wanted to cultivate the fundamental activities of the mind – " the powers of attention, observation, and memory, which must precede the art of judgment and must be well established before the latter is exercised.

Haldane's rule represents a fundamental observation in early mechanisms of the process of speciation.

Progress in fundamental science is based on controlled experiments and careful observation although these methods do not distinguish fundamental science from applied science ; progress in applied science equally depends upon controlled experiments and careful observation.

Thus we still have no explanation for the arrow of time that is defined by the observation that the fluctuation theorem gives correct predictions in the forward direction but not the backward direction, so the fundamental paradox remains unsolved.

From the fundamental observation that hadrons are composite, there grew two points of view.

In contrast with his former mentor Husserl, Heidegger put ontology before epistemology and thought that phenomenology would have to be based on an observation and analysis of Dasein (" being-there "), human being, investigating the fundamental ontology of the Lebenswelt ( Lifeworld-Husserl's term ) underlying all so-called regional ontologies of the special sciences.

As Matthew Simon writes, “ Since it served as a fundamental concept, not only in physiology but also in pathology and therapy, complexion theory provided important support for the idea that medicine constituted a unified and rational body of knowledge .” By observation and judgment, medieval physicians determined the proper complexion of the individual when healthy.

KIAS was founded in 1996, aiming to become a world's leading research institute where international elite scholars gather and dedicate to fundamental research in basic sciences.

Even fundamental issues, such as Max Born's basic rules concerning probability amplitudes and probability distributions took decades to be appreciated by society and many leading scientists.

He is a leading expert in splittings and accessibility of discrete groups, Groups acting on graphs and trees, JSJ-decompositions, the topology of 3-manifolds and the structure of their fundamental groups.

; Charles Hard Townes ( professor, United States ): for fundamental works in quantum electronics leading to the development of the maser and laser.

However, it is also a fundamental step in the transition of tumors from a dormant state to a malignant one, leading to the use of angiogenesis inhibitors.

Still more fundamental principles include ahimsa ( non-violence ), the primacy of the Guru, the Divine Word of Aum and the power of mantras, love of Truth in many manifestations as gods and goddesses, and an understanding that the essential spark of the Divine ( Atman ) is in every human and living being, thus allowing for many spiritual paths leading to the One Unitary Religious Truth ( which Hindus call Brahman ).

In 1975, he received IEEE's Edison Medal " For basic contributions to network theory and for important inventions in radar systems and electronic circuits " and the IEEE Medal of Honor in 1981 " For fundamental contributions to filtering and signal processing leading to chirp radar ".

Although highly controversial when first proposed, germ theory was validated in the late 19th century and is now a fundamental part of modern medicine and clinical microbiology, leading to such important innovations as antibiotics and hygienic practices.

Since provincial prohibitions touching on the fundamental freedoms of speech, religion, assembly and association were declared unconstitutional by the courts, and in light of the expansive obiters in the leading cases, the writers were able to claim that there was a bill of rights implicit in the Constitution.

In the same year it began a program of international fellowships to train scholars at the world ’ s leading universities at the post-doctoral level ; a fundamental commitment to the education of future leaders.

Prince Frederick's inherited claims were strongest to the almost wholly German-speaking Duchy of Holstein, while his rights as the heir-male of the House of Oldenburg proved too difficult to pursue, and Holstein, an originally Holy Roman Empire fief, had the Salic Law as a leading principle in its fundamental succession law.

* 1961: Victor P. Starr for his more than a decade of outstanding fundamental research leading to a better understanding of the general circulation of the atmosphere.

As a large-scale landowner tied closely to the doomed ancien regime, led by people from the aristocracy, and philosophically opposed to many of the fundamental principles of the revolution, the Church, like the absolute monarchy and the feudal nobility, was a target of the revolution even in the early phases, when leading revolutionaries such as Lafayette were still well-disposed toward King Louis XVI as an individual.

: Within a compass of two hundred pages it proclaims unequivocally the existence and oneness of a personal God, unknowable, inaccessible, the source of all Revelation, eternal, omniscient, omnipresent and almighty ; asserts the relativity of religious truth and the continuity of Divine Revelation ; affirms the unity of the Prophets, the universality of their Message, the identity of their fundamental teachings, the sanctity of their scriptures, and the twofold character of their stations ; denounces the blindness and perversity of the divines and doctors of every age ; cites and elucidates the allegorical passages of the New Testament, the abstruse verses of the Qur ' án, and the cryptic Muhammadan traditions which have bred those age-long misunderstandings, doubts and animosities that have sundered and kept apart the followers of the world's leading religious systems ; enumerates the essential prerequisites for the attainment by every true seeker of the object of his quest ; demonstrates the validity, the sublimity and significance of the Báb's Revelation ; acclaims the heroism and detachment of His disciples ; foreshadows, and prophesies the world-wide triumph of the Revelation promised to the people of the Bayán ; upholds the purity and innocence of the Virgin Mary ; glorifies the Imams of the Faith of Muhammad ; celebrates the martyrdom, and lauds the spiritual sovereignty, of the Imam Husayn ; unfolds the meaning of such symbolic terms as " Return ," " Resurrection ," " Seal of the Prophets " and " Day of Judgment "; adumbrates and distinguishes between the three stages of Divine Revelation ; and expatiates, in glowing terms, upon the glories and wonders of the " City of God ," renewed, at fixed intervals, by the dispensation of Providence, for the guidance, the benefit and salvation of all mankind.

In 1862, Thomson published " On the age of the sun ’ s heat ", an article in which he reiterated his fundamental beliefs in the indestructibility of energy ( the first law ) and the universal dissipation of energy ( the second law ), leading to diffusion of heat, cessation of useful motion ( work ), and exhaustion of potential energy through the material universe while clarifying his view of the consequences for the universe as a whole.

Thurston gradually brought in more and more skilled aeronautical engineers, and with the newly built laboratory, started giving lectures in aeronautics (" Flying machines ", " Balloons, airships and kites ", " The mechanical principles of flight ") and started extensive research on fundamental matters such as the characteristics of wing sections and propellers, structural and material characteristics, and the forces on struts, leading to use in military aircraft for the First World War.

The sonata form first movement's main theme begins with contrasting motifs: a threefold tutti outburst on the fundamental tone ( respectively, by an ascending motion leading in a triplet from the dominant tone underneath to the fundamental one ), followed by a more lyrical response.

Political parties and actors can choose between two fundamental methods: leading the market or following the market.

Recent research has included studies of the processes leading to the emergence of early life, evolutionary computation, metabolic and ecological scaling laws, the fundamental properties of cities, the evolutionary diversification of viral strains, the interactions and conflicts of primate social groups, the history of languages, the structure and dynamics of species interactions including food webs, the dynamics of financial markets, and the emergence of hierarchy and cooperation in the human species, and biological and technological innovation.

" Misreading " Durkheim's statement in the context of, as juxtaposed to, or read against, the fundamental assumption of ethnomethodological studies below: " Some leading policies ...", produces an ethnomethodological " respecification " of Durkheim's statement rationale w / a strictly textual reading is also offered ( Rawls / Garfinkel: 2002: 19-22 ; Garfinkel: 2002: 118-119: fn # 46 ).

The " will " is a fundamental concept in the philosophy of Mencius, leading authorities such as David Division to classify Mencius as a " voluntarism " philosopher.

# The state is to be responsible for a fundamental reconstruction of our whole national education program, to enable every capable and industrious German to obtain higher education and subsequently introduction into leading positions.

The most fundamental concept of the new approach to economic aid is the focusing of our attention, our resources, and our energies on the effort to promote the economic and social development of the less developed countries.

Those modern scholars who urge that we must keep in mind the fundamental continuity of Aegean development from earliest times -- granted occasional irruptions of peoples and ideas from outside -- are correct ; ;

The Laser Mégajoule will be one of the most powerful lasers in the world, allowing fundamental research and the development of the laser and plasma technologies.

The Battle of Bouvines, which took place on 27 July 1214, was a medieval battle ending the twelve year old Angevin-Flanders War that was fundamental in the early development of France in the Middle Ages by confirming the French crown's sovereignty over the Angevin lands of Brittany and Normandy.

Others, such as Claude Lévi-Strauss ( who was influenced both by American cultural anthropology and by French Durkheimian sociology ), have argued that apparently similar patterns of development reflect fundamental similarities in the structure of human thought ( see structuralism ).

Chemical engineering emerged upon the development of unit operations, a fundamental concept of the discipline.

It emphasizes high-risk investment, moves from fundamental technological advances to prototyping, and then hands off the system development and production to the military services or the commercial sector.

Being a pioneer of peace making in the region and driven from its belief that a peaceful Middle East is the best solution for the development of Egypt, the third Egyptian President Anwar Sadat's groundbreaking trip to Israel in 1977, the 1978 Camp David Accords, and the 1979 Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty represented a fundamental shift in the politics of the region ; from a strategy of confrontation to one of peace as a strategic choice.

" This HP Enterprise Business initiative seeks to highlight the fundamental shifts in the way information technology is being used to meet changing business models and the growing role of technology to drive business decisions and help organizations achieve economic growth, improve efficiency, and to further the development of society through the use of technology.

It helped spearhead development of the Internet, including the Domain Name System and refinement of TCP / IP communications protocols that remain fundamental to Internet operations.

t IO, Halpern combined Shepherd's " Time Dash " game with Del Close's " Harold " game ; the revised format for the Harold became the fundamental structure for the development of modern " long-form " improvisation.

However, even the notochord would be a less fundamental criterion than aspects of embryological development and symmetry or perhaps bauplan.

An even more fundamental update of the macro system was made concurrent with the development of K-Meleon 1. 1, which is based on the Gecko 1. 8. 1 rendering engine that is used in Mozilla Firefox 2. 0 and SeaMonkey 1. 1.

If there were a large ( possibly infinite ) number of universes, each with possibly different physical laws ( or different fundamental physical constants ), some of these universes, even if very few, would have the combination of laws and fundamental parameters that are suitable for the development of matter, astronomical structures, elemental diversity, stars, and planets that can exist long enough for life to emerge and evolve.

Since independence, with Jaja Wachuku as the first Minister of Foreign Affairs and Commonwealth Relations, later called External Affairs, Nigerian foreign policy has been characterized by a focus on Africa as a Regional power and by attachment to several fundamental principles: African unity and independence ; Capability to exercise hegemonic influence in the region: peaceful settlement of disputes ; nonalignment and nonintentional interference in the internal affairs of other nations ; and regional economic cooperation and development.

File: Dirac 4. jpg | Paul Dirac ( 1902-1984 ): made fundamental contributions to the early development of quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics, formulated the Dirac equation describing the behavior of fermions, predicted the existence of antimatter, shared the1933 Nobel Prize in Physics with Erwin Schrödinger,

It is hoped that development of such a theory would unify all fundamental interactions into a single mathematical framework and describe all known observable interactions in the universe, at both subatomic and cosmological scales.

Courses such as public speaking and speech analysis apply fundamental Greek theories ( such as the modes of persuasion: ethos, pathos, and logos ) as well as trace rhetorical development throughout the course of history.

However, in the 19th century, with the development of historical-comparative linguistics, linguists began to realize the sheer diversity of human language, and to question fundamental assumptions about the relationship between language and logic.

The Organisation Internationale pour le Droit à l ' Education et la Liberté d ' Enseignement ( OIDEL ), an international non-profit organization for the development of freedom of education, maintains that the right to education is a fundamental human right which cannot exist without the presence of State benefits and the protection of individual liberties.

Furthermore, Agenda 21 emphasises that broad public participation in decision making is a fundamental prerequisite for achieving sustainable development.

The domain of ' economics ' is fundamental to considerations of sustainable development, however there has been considerable criticism of the tendency to use the three-domain model of the triple bottom line: economics, environment and social.

The fundamental concepts of heat capacity and latent heat, which were necessary for the development of thermodynamics, were developed by Professor Joseph Black at the University of Glasgow, where James Watt was employed as an instrument maker.