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garnet and glass
Certain transparent materials with a small concentration of neodymium ions can be used in lasers as gain media for infrared wavelengths ( 1054 – 1064 nm ), e. g. Nd: YAG ( yttrium aluminium garnet ), Nd: YLF ( yttrium lithium fluoride ), Nd: YVO < sub > 4 </ sub > ( yttrium orthovanadate ), and Nd: glass.
The two most commonly used materials for the 700 – 1100 nm range are terbium doped borosilicate glass and terbium gallium garnet crystal ( TGG ).
* Doublet ( lapidary ), an assembled gem composed in two sections, such as a garnet overlaying green glass
Cloisonné spread to surrounding cultures and a particular type, often known as garnet cloisonné is widely found in the Migration Period art of the " barbarian " peoples of Europe, who used gemstones, especially red garnets, as well as glass and enamel, with small thick-walled cloisons.
Ruby and sapphire are most common, although diamond, garnet, and even glass are often seen.
The ' bead ' is made of gold, garnet and blue glass dating to the late sixth or early seventh century with the workmanship suggesting that it belonged to a woman of wealth or high status such as a ' princess ' and dates from the 6th-7th centuries ( 500-699 AD ).
* The first type uses one of several solid media, including synthetic ruby and chromium in aluminum oxide, neodymium in glass ( Nd: glass ), and the most common type, crystal composed of yttrium aluminum garnet doped with neodymium ( Nd: YAG ).
The color of glass used in the doublet is all that is seen, as the garnet provides no color.
Garnet and glass doublets were first used around 1850 when it was noted that molten glass would adhere to garnet.

garnet and top
Not surprisingly, a combination of these two materials in the form of the yttrium aluminium garnet ( YAG ) is one of the top performers in the field.
The top central stone of the front plate is a triangular sapphire which replaces a famous stone, now lost, which was known as the Waise ( i. e., the ' Orphan ', because of its uniqueness ), probably a large white opal with a wine-red fire or possibly a singularly brilliant garnet or red zircon and the subject of much legendary medieval lore.
Not surprisingly, a combination of these two materials in the form of the yttria-alumina garnet ( YAG ) has proven to be one of the top performers in the field.
The garnet sits on a strip of metal driven by a transistor, and a small loop antenna touches the top of the sphere.

garnet and natural
Originally natural jewels were used, such as diamond, sapphire, ruby, and garnet.
Pyrope is the only member of the garnet family to always display red colouration in natural samples, and it is from this characteristic that it gets its name: from the Greek for fire and eye.
YAG cuts similar to natural garnet, with polishing being performed with alumina or diamond ( 50, 000 or 100, 000 ) on common polishing laps.
The garnet abrasive is a non-toxic natural substance that can be recycled for repeated use.

garnet and any
The number of faceted gems over two carats ( 400 mg ) is difficult to estimate, but according to Joel Arem, one-time curator for the Smithsonian National Gem and Mineral Collection in Washington DC, faceted cuprite of any size is considered one of the most collectible and spectacular gems in existence, with its deep garnet coloring and higher brilliance than a diamond.

garnet and color
Because of their color changing quality, this kind of garnet is often mistaken for Alexandrite.
A sample showing the deep red color garnet can exhibit.
This is a rather rare garnet, bright green in color, usually found as small crystals associated with chromite in peridotite, serpentinite, and kimberlites.
Uvarovite is one of the rarest of the garnet group minerals, and is the only consistently green garnet species, with a beautiful emerald-green color.
Almandine is an iron alumina garnet, of deep red color, inclining to purple.
When the color inclines to a violet tint, the stone is often called Syriam garnet, a name said to be taken from Syriam, an ancient town of Pegu ( now part of Myanmar ).
These are fine-grained rocks, not usually banded, nearly black in color with small red spots of garnet.
Demantoid is the green variety of andradite garnet, so demantoids are always primarily green ( by definition ), but the exact shade ranges from a very strong yellowish green to nearly the color of a fine emerald.
Though it is not as durable, " garnet " is by far the preferred sandpaper for hand-sanding bare wood ; first because it is a sharper and faster cutting grit, and second because it does not impart color from the grit, as aluminum oxide or silicon carbide can do.

garnet and gem
Chemically, almandine is an iron-aluminium garnet with the formula Fe < sub > 3 </ sub > Al < sub > 2 </ sub >( SiO < sub > 4 </ sub >)< sub > 3 </ sub >; the deep red transparent stones are often called precious garnet and are used as gemstones ( being the most common of the gem garnets ).
A highly sought after variety of gem garnet is the fine green Grossular garnet from Kenya and Tanzania called tsavorite.
This garnet was discovered in the 1960s in the Tsavo area of Kenya, from which the gem takes its name.

garnet and .
She found herself wishing an old wish, that she had told Doaty she was running away, that she had left something more behind her than the loving, sorry note and her best garnet pin.
The coat of arms is two-tone, with the school's official colours, garnet and blue, on the shield.
Geologists also found indications of abundant deposits of colored stones and gemstones, including emerald, ruby, sapphire, garnet, lapis, kunzite, spinel, tourmaline and peridot.
The traditional distinction does not necessarily reflect modern values, for example, while garnets are relatively inexpensive, a green garnet called Tsavorite, can be far more valuable than a mid-quality emerald.
Depending on their composition, they may also be called garnet gneiss, biotite gneiss, albite gneiss, etc.
* January's birthstone is the garnet which represents constancy.
Typical hosts include YAG ( yttrium aluminium garnet ), YLF ( yttrium lithium fluoride ), sapphire ( aluminium oxide ) and various glasses.
Black andradite, an end-member of the orthosilicate garnet group.
Several rock-forming minerals are part of this subclass, such as the aluminosilicates, the olivine group, and the garnet group.
The garnet group has a general formula of X < sub > 3 </ sub > Y < sub > 2 </ sub >( SiO < sub > 4 </ sub >)< sub > 3 </ sub >, where X is a large eight-fold coordinated cation, and Y is a smaller six-fold coordinated cation.
There are six ideal endmembers of garnet, split into two group.
While there are two subgroups of garnet, solid solutions exists between all six end-members.
Neodymium is also used with various other substrate crystals, such as yttrium aluminum garnet in the Nd: YAG laser.
Older materials can be dated using zircon, apatite, titanite, epidote and garnet which have a variable amount of uranium content.
These can include zircon, tourmaline, rutile ( hence ZTR ), garnet, magnetite, or other dense mineral derived from the source rock.
At significantly shallower depths, above the Moho, calcic plagioclase is the more stable aluminous mineral in peridotite, while garnet is the stable phase deeper in the mantle below the spinel stability region.
Many modern English translations of the Bible, including the King James Version mention topaz in Exodus 28: 17 in reference to a stone in the Hoshen: " And thou shalt set in it settings of stones, even four rows of stones: the first row shall be a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle ( garnet ): this shall be the first row.
The application of X-ray crystallography to mineralogy began with the structure of garnet, which was determined in 1924 by Menzer.
The rarest of these is the blue garnet, discovered in the late 1990s in Bekily, Madagascar.
Because the chemical composition of garnet varies, the atomic bonds in some species are stronger than in others.

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