In archaeology, for example, the contributions of Frederick Haverfield and Reginald Smith to the various volumes of the Victoria County Histories raised the discipline from the status of an antiquarian pastime to that of the most valuable single tool of the early English historian.

The use of the abacus in Ancient Egypt is mentioned by the Greek historian Herodotus, who writes that the Egyptians manipulated the pebbles from right to left, opposite in direction to the Greek left-to-right method.

Many illustrious Athenians, including Cimon, Miltiades, Alcibiades and the historian Thucydides, traced their descent from Ajax.

According to the historian Herodotus, the poet threw away his shield to make good his escape from the victorious Athenians then celebrated the occasion in a poem that he later sent to his friend, Melanippus.

And a solemn diploma from Christ Church, Canterbury dated 873 is so poorly constructed and written that historian Nicholas Brooks posited a scribe who was either so blind he could not read what he wrote or who knew little or no Latin.

Tabari, the most famous Muslim historian, in his Ta ' rikh quotes from Muhammad Bin Sa ' ad Bin Abi Waqqas, who said: " I asked my father whether Abu Bakr was the first of the Muslims.

But if every historian were to assert that Queen Elizabeth was observed walking around happy and healthy after her funeral, and then interpreted that to mean that they had risen from the dead, then we'd have reason to appeal to natural laws in order to dispute their interpretation.

In the Islamic times, a pseudo-etymology was produced by the historian Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri ( d. 892 ) quoting a folk story that the town was presumably founded by one " Abbad bin Hosayn " from the Arabian Tribe of Banu Tamim, who established a garrison there during the governorship of Hajjaj in the Ummayad period.

The 4th century historian Ammianus Marcellinus, relying on a lost work by Timagenes, a historian writing in the 1st century BC, writes that the Druids of Gaul said that part of the inhabitants of Gaul had migrated there from distant islands.

In 1999, a limited run of cartridges were produced by Atari historian Curt Vendel using ROM code from Gary Rubio ( the former Atari liaison to GCC on the Atari 7800 project ).

In February 1705, Queen Anne, who had made Marlborough a Duke in 1702, granted him the Park of Woodstock and promised a sum of £ 240, 000 to build a suitable house as a gift from a grateful crown in recognition of his victory – a victory which British historian Sir Edward Shepherd Creasy considered one of the pivotal battles in history, writing – " Had it not been for Blenheim, all Europe might at this day suffer under the effect of French conquests resembling those of Alexander in extent and those of the Romans in durability.

The historian Timothy Brook writes of the production process in Ming Dynasty China ( aided with visual illustrations from the Tiangong Kaiwu encyclopedic text published in 1637 ):

At a Braveheart Convention in 1997, held in Stirling the day after the Scottish Devolution vote and attended by 200 delegates from around the world, Braveheart author Randall Wallace, Seoras Wallace of the Wallace Clan, Scottish historian David Ross and Bláithín FitzGerald from Ireland gave lectures on various aspects of the film.

Jerome Holtzman, Major League Baseball's official historian from 1999 until his death in 2008, believed Selig to be the best commissioner in baseball history.

The Sicilian historian Diodorus Siculus, writing in the 1st century BC in his Bibliotheca Historica, also provides an account of the Greco-Persian wars, partially derived from the earlier Greek historian Ephorus.

Alexandria's population was also close to Rome's population at around the same time, the historian Rostovtzeff estimates a total population close to a million based on a census dated from 32 AD that counted 180, 000 adult male citizens in Alexandria.

Sociological historian Holger Herwig found in studying German explanations for the origins of World War I, " Those events that are most important are hardest to understand, because they attract the greatest attention from myth makers and charlatans.

According to the British historian Misha Glenny the murder in March 1929 of Toni Schlegel, editor of a pro-Yugoslavian newspaper Novosti, brought a " furious response " from the regime.

The historian Tacitus suggests that Claudius's ongoing term as Censor may have prevented him from noticing the affair before it reached such a critical point.

Drawn from life by the historian Matthew Paris for his Chronica Majora, it can be seen in his bestiary at Parker Library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, with an accompanying text revealing that at the time, Europeans believed that elephants did not have knees and so were unable to get up if they fell over.

And in the 13th century a Syrian historian from Aleppo includes four references for couscous.

Unlike the modern historian, most chroniclers tended to take their information as they found it, and made little attempt to separate fact from legend.

In 1632 and 1656 is was referred to as Lac de St. Louis or Lake St. Louis by Samuel de Champlain and cartographer Nicolas Sanson respectively ( likely for Louis XIV of France ) In 1660 Jesuit historian Francis Creuxius coined the name Lacus Ontarius.

* Nicolaus Henel von Hennenfeld ( 1582 – 1656 ), historian

) According to the historian Prince Damrong Rajanubhab, the temple was shown in French maps during the reign of King Narai ( 1656 – 1688 ).

* 1773 – James Mill, Scottish philosopher and historian ( d. 1836 )

* 1888 – Gerhard Ritter, German historian ( d. 1967 )

* 1726 – Charles Burney, English historian ( d. 1814 )

* 1865 – Max Nettlau, German anarchist and historian ( d. 1944 )

* 1957 – Aviva Chomsky, American historian, daughter of Noam Chomsky

* 1865 – James Henry Breasted, American archaeologist and historian ( d. 1935 )

* 1895 – Andreas Alföldi, Hungarian historian and archaeologist ( d. 1981 )

* 1916 – Richard Hofstadter, American historian ( d. 1970 )

* 1820 – George Grove, English historian ( d. 1900 )

* 1823 – Goldwin Smith, English-Canadian historian and journalist ( d. 1910 )

* 1891 – Viktor Zhirmunsky, Russian historian and linguist ( d. 1971 )

* 1922 – Geoffrey Dutton, Australian author and historian ( d. 1998 )

* 1955 – Caleb Carr, American author and historian

After 1890 came philosopher Josiah Royce ( 1855 – 1916 ), botanist Liberty Hyde Bailey ( 1858 – 1954 ), the Southern Agrarians of the 1920s and 1930s, novelist John Steinbeck ( 1902 – 1968 ), historian A. Whitney Griswold ( 1906 – 1963 ), environmentalist Aldo Leopold ( 1887 – 1948 ), Ralph Borsodi ( 1886 – 1977 ), and present-day authors Wendell Berry ( b. 1934 ), Gene Logsdon ( b. 1932 ), Paul Thompson, and Allan C. Carlson ( b. 1949 ).

* 1779 – Lorenz Oken, German historian ( d. 1851 )

* 1933 – Dušan Třeštík, Czech historian ( d. 2007 )

* 1972 – Thomas Woods, American historian, economist, and educator

* 1999 – Byron Farwell, American historian ( b. 1921 )

* Johannes Aventinus ( 1477 – 1534 ): Bavarian historian

* 1922 – Gertrude Himmelfarb, American historian